An electronic mixer is a device for mixing two or more electronic signals. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical In the fields of communications, Signal processing, and in Electrical engineering more generally a signal is any time-varying or spatial-varying quantity There are two basic types of mixer. Additive mixers add two signals together, and are used for such applications as audio mixing. In professional audio, a mixing console, or audio mixer, also called a sound board or soundboard, is an electronic device for combining Multiplying mixers multiply the signals together, and produce an output containing both original signals, and new signals that have the sum and difference of the frequency of the original signals. Frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit Time.
additive mixers
Additive mixers are usually resistor networks, surrounded by impedance matching and amplification stages. |- align = "center"| |width = "25"| | |- align = "center"| || Potentiometer |- align = "center"| | | |- align = "center"| Resistor| | Impedance matching is the electronics design practice of setting the Output impedance ( Z S of a signal source equal to the Input impedance (
multiplying mixers
Multiplying mixers have been done in a wide variety of ways. The most popular are diode mixers, gilbert cell mixers, diode ring mixers (ring modulation) and switching mixers. Ring modulation is a signal-processing effect in electronics related to Amplitude modulation or frequency mixing, performed by multiplying two signals where one
A diode mixer has two or more signals going into a diode. Dioden2jpg|thumb|right|150px|Figure 2 Various semiconductor diodes Whenever any signal pushes the voltage above the threshold of the diode, current will flow to the other side, but not back. If the inputs are the right voltages, the result is that the peaks of the new signal occur whenever either signal peaks, and the diode supplies the troughs by refusing to conduct backwards. The classic crystal set radio is a diode mixer, with a simple electronic filter between the antenna and mixer to eliminate unwanted radio stations. Electronic filters are Electronic circuits which perform Signal processing functions specifically intended to remove unwanted signal components and/or enhance wanted Cheap AM radios still use diode mixers.
Gilbert cell mixers are just an arrangement of transistors that multiplies the two signals. Surprisingly, the switching mixers (below) pass more power and usually insert less distortion.
Diode ring mixers are the original switching mixer. They have two transformers and an array of diodes in a ring. Basically, the transformers are arranged so that one signal switches the diodes to conduct in one direction, or the other direction. The other transformer pushes its signal through the diodes. Diode ring mixers are popular because the on/off mechanism injects less noise, and loses less signal power than other methods. Also, the transformers can be wound to match the impedances into and out of the mixer stage to the rest of the electronic system. A transformer is a device that transfers Electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled Electrical conductors
Switching mixers use an array of Field effect transistors or (in older days) vacuum tubes. The field-effect transistor (FET is a type of Transistor that relies on an Electric field to control the shape and hence the conductivity of a 'channel' This article is about the electronic device not an evacuated pipe used for experiments in Free-fall. These are used as electronic switches, to permit the signal to go one direction, then the other. They are controlled by the signal being mixed. They are especially popular with digitally-controlled radios.
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