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See Electronic publishing); See journalism; Electronic field production

Electronic journalism -- known as "EJ" or "ENG" for electronic news gathering -- is most associated with broadcast news where producers, reporters and editors make use of electronic recording devices for gathering and presenting information in telecasts and radio transmissions reaching the public. Electronic publishing includes the digital publication of E-books and Electronic articles and the development of digital libraries and catalogues Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people see related article at Electronic journalism also see Outside broadcasting Electronic field production (EFP is a The acquisition mediums of choice in 2005 are characterized by a variety of competing types or "formats" of video tape. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. Sound recording and editing offer a large number of analogue and digital systems. Still images, graphics and animation have their own sets of tools. The editorial systems available provide journalists with tools for fast and flexible assembly and delivery of electronically gathered and edited news reports. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends

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Video journalism

News via video is seen daily by millions of people around the world. Some of the typical uses include interviews, panel discussions, press conferences and speeches. Live and pre-recorded video is also used in news coverage of accidents, natural disasters and war coverage.

Technical standards for Video Journalism

The National Archives of the United States holds a collection of some of earliest examples of historically significant motion picture films for the country and similar collections exist in other nation's archives. The United States National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government charged The United States of America —commonly referred to as the From the earliest days of the medium's existence, film cameras have been used for the acquisition of news elements and documentary footage. Film remained important in daily news operations until the late 1960s when news outlets turned to portable video cameras, portable recorders, wireless microphones and joined those with various microwave and satellite linked delivery systems. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. By the mid 1980s film had all but disappeared from used in television journalism.

The 1962 arrival of the "Handy-Looky", a portable video tape camera from Ikegami announced a revolution in journalism. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A camera is a device used to capture images either as still Photographs or as sequences of moving images ( Movies or Videos. This Handy Looky provided a self-contained system of camera with lens and video recorder, the precursor of today's hand held cameras. A photographic lens (also known as objective lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with

Some examples of improvements

As systems have improved, components have been made smaller and lighter and performance has greatly improved. Improvements have been made in image quality, colorimetry, lenses, and videotape technology. Colorimetry or Colourimetry can refer to the quantitative study of Color perception Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. The following is a small list of improvements related to television news production.

Photographs, graphics, animation

Apart from moving images and sound recording, electronic journalism makes liberal use of still images, graphics and animation in reports. High-definition (HD video generally refers to any video system of higher resolution than standard-definition (SD video most commonly at display resolutions of 1280×720 A charge-coupled device ( CCD) is an analog Shift register, that enables the transportation of analog signals (electric charges through successive stages (capacitors Media Composer, frequently referred to as "The Avid", is a Non-linear editing system. Avid Xpress Pro was non-linear editing software aimed at professionals in the TV and movie industry Final Cut Pro is a professional Non-linear editing software application developed by Apple Inc

Technical standards

Audio journalism

Radio has long been used to broadcast news as quickly as possible. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Many important speeches and public events were covered on radio and still are today. With the growing availability of small, yet high-quality, cassette recorders, such as those from Marantz and Sony, radio reporters are able to make use of natural sounds and interviews which brings great detail to their reports. Marantz is a company that develops and sells upper-mid range to High-end audio products is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with National Public Radio's All Things Considered has been a pioneer in the use of such sound elements woven into the fabric of its reports. All Things Considered (ATC is a news radio program in the United States broadcast on the National Public Radio network

Technical standards

A wide variety of audio recording formats is used in news rooms around the world. News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth The standard report kit includes a battery operated cassette recorder with a dynamic microphone and optional telephone interface. With this set-up, the reporter can record interviews and natural sound and then play these over a telephone line for rerecording or live broadcast by the content provider (radio or TV station, cable outlet, web radio system). This offers a rugged and relatively simple system which can be placed into a single bag along with extra batteries, tape and supplies.

In addition to the standard compact cassette another popular choice is the digital minidisc. The Compact Cassette, often referred to as audio cassette, cassette tape, cassette, or simply tape, is a Magnetic tape sound A MiniDisc ( MD) is a Magneto-optical disc-based Data storage device initially intended for storage of up to 80 minutes of digitized audio This has the advantage of superior sound, digital indexing and is re-recordable, reusable medium. A digital system uses discrete (discontinuous values usually but not always Symbolized Numerically (hence called "digital" to represent information for The small cassette format known as DAT is popular with film makers and other studio professionals because of its superior sound quality and its SMPTE time code and other synchronization features. Digital Audio Tape (DAT or R-DAT is a signal recording and playback medium developed by Sony in the mid 1980s News gathering may also be accomplished with the use of recordable CD and DVD players and various fixed medium recording system. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is

Increasingly, physical formats such as DVD and minidisc are being phased out of newsrooms in favour of hard drive and flash memory recorders. These have the advantage of instant drag and drop transfer of audio, saving valuable staff time on waiting for material to load in to editing systems in real time.

See also

External links

Bibliography

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