In electrochemistry, physics and vascular plant biology, electro-osmosis, also called electroendosmosis, is the motion of polar liquid through a membrane or other porous structure (generally, along charged surfaces of any shape and also through non-macroporous materials which have ionic sites and allow for water uptake, the latter sometimes referred to as "chemical porosity" ) under the influence of an applied electric field. Electrochemistry is a branch of Chemistry that studies Chemical reactions which take place in a Solution at the interface of an electron conductor Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Vascular plants (also known as tracheophytes or higher plants) are those Plants that have lignified tissues for conducting Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life "Polar molecule" and "Non-polar" redirect here Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of An artificial membrane, also called a synthetic membrane, is a membrane prepared for separation tasks in Laboratory and industry In Physics, the space surrounding an Electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying Magnetic field has a property called an electric field (that can Electro-osmosis was first described by F. F. Reuss in 1809, and has growing applications in microfluidics. Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Microfluidics deals with the behavior precise control and manipulation of Fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small typically sub-millimeter scale
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Applications
Vascular plant biology
In vascular plant biology, electro-osmosis is also used as an alternative or supplemental explanation for the movement of polar liquids via the phloem that differs from the cohesion-tension theory supplied in the mass flow hypothesis and others, such as cytoplasmic streaming. In Vascular plants phloem is the living tissue that carries organic Nutrients (known as photosynthate particularly Sucrose, a sugar to Transpirational pull is the main phenomenon driving the flow of Water in the Xylem tissues of large Plants Mechanisms Transpirational pull Cytoplasmic streaming is the flowing of Cytoplasm in Eukaryotic cells. [1] Principally, companion cells are involved in the "cyclic" withdrawal of ions (K + ) from sieve tubes, and their secretion parallel to their position of withdrawal between sieve plates, resulting in polarisation of sieve plate elements alongside potential difference in pressure, and results in polar water molecules and other solutes present being moved upwards through the phloem. In Vascular plants phloem is the living tissue that carries organic Nutrients (known as photosynthate particularly Sucrose, a sugar to In Physics, the potential difference or pd between two points is the difference of the points' Scalar potential, equivalent to the line integral [2][3]
In 2003, St Petersburg University graduates based an experiment on the electro-osmosis hypothesis through the application of direct electric current to 10mm segments of mesocotyls of maize seedlings alongside one-year linden shoots used with normal conducting systems and without vascular bundles; electrolyte solutions present in the tissues moved towards the cathode that was in place, suggesting that electro-osmosis may play a role in solution transport through conductive plant tissues. Saint Petersburg State University ( Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a Russian federal state-owned higher Electric current is the flow (movement of Electric charge. The SI unit of electric current is the Ampere. [4]
Physics
In fuel cells, electro-osomosis causes protons moving through a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to drag water molecules from one side (anode) to the other (cathode). A fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device It produces electricity from Fuel (on the Anode side and an oxidant (on the The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive A proton exchange membrane or polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM is a Semipermeable membrane generally made from Ionomers and designed to conduct protons An anode is an Electrode through which Electric current flows into a polarized electrical device A cathode is an Electrode through which (positive Electric current flows out of a polarized electrical device
See also
Notes
- ^ Clegg, C. Capillary electrophoresis ( CE) also known as capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE can be used to separate ionic species by their charge and frictional forces Electroosmotic flow (or Electro-osmotic flow, often abbreviated EOF is the motion of liquid induced by an applied potential across a capillary tube or microchannel A streaming current or potential is an Electric current or potential which originates when an Electrolyte is driven by a pressure gradient through a channel or porous Zeta potential is an abbreviation for Electrokinetic potential in colloidal systems. J. , Mackean, D. G. (2006), p340-343
- ^ Clegg, C. J. , Mackean, D. G. (2006), p340-343
- ^ V. V. Polevoi , T. E. Bilova1 and Yu. I. Shevtsov (2003)
- ^ V. V. Polevoi, T. E. Bilova1 and Yu. I. Shevtsov (2003)
References
- V. V. Polevoi , T. E. Bilova1 and Yu. I. Shevtsov (2003) "Electroosmotic Phenomena in Plant Tissues " Biology Bulletin; Volume 30, Number 2
- Clegg, C. J. , Mackean, D. G. (2006) "Advanced Biology - principles & applications" Hodder Stoughton Publhishers
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