-
For other uses, see Palatinate.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Palatinate of the Rhine (German: Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein) — later the Electoral Palatinate (German: Kurpfalz) — was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire, a palatinate administered by a count palatine. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or This article gives details on the history of the Count Palatine in Mediaeval European Palatinate regions and social structure This article gives details on the history of the Count Palatine in Mediaeval European Palatinate regions and social structure Conrad of Hohenstaufen (c 1135 &ndash 8 November 1195) was the first hereditary Count Palatine of the Rhine. Rupert I "the Red" (Ruprecht der Rote Elector Palatine ( Wolfratshausen, June 9, 1309 &ndash 16 February 1390 in Neustadt The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Maximilian I (also known as Maximilian Joseph) ( May 27, 1756 &ndash October 13, 1825) was Prince-elector of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Pfalz-Zweibrücken is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by a Reichstag in Nuremberg headed by Emperor Charles IV Holy Roman Emperor (see Diet The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern was a German state that existed from 1806&ndash1918 Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Grand Duchy of Baden (Großherzogtum Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in This article gives details on the history of the Count Palatine in Mediaeval European Palatinate regions and social structure Its rulers served as prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in
The Electoral Palatinate was a much larger territory than what later became known as the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), on the west bank of the Rhine, and is now the contemporary region of the Palatinate in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The Palatinate (Pfalz Pfälzer dialect Palz) historically also Rhenish Palatinate (palatinatum Renensis Rheinpfalz is a region in south-western Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. The Electoral Palatinate also included territory that lay on the east bank of the Rhine, containing the cities of Heidelberg and Mannheim. Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart
Contents |
Counts Palatine of Lotharingia, 915–1085
The Palatinate emerged from the County Palatine of Lotharingia, which came into existence in the 10th century.
- Wigeric of Lotharingia, count of the Bidgau (ca. Wigeric or Wideric (Wigéric or Wéderic (died before 923) was the count of the Bidgau ( pagus Bedensis) and held the rights of a 915/916–922)
- Godfrey, count of the Jülichgau (ca. Events By Place Europe Battle of Garigliano: The Christian League defeats the Saracens This article is about the year 916 AD. For the Sacramento area code see Area code 916. Events By Place Asia The Khitan Empire led by Abaoji, raids Hebei, China. 940)
House of Ezzonen
During the 11th century, it was dominated by the Ezzonian dynasty, who governed several counties on both banks of the Rhine. Events By Place Asia Saadia Gaon compiles his Siddur (Jewish prayer book in Iraq. The Ezzonids (more commonly known as Ezzonen) were a dynasty of Lotharingian stock dating back as far as the ninth century The Ezzonids (more commonly known as Ezzonen) were a dynasty of Lotharingian stock dating back as far as the ninth century
- Hermann I of Lotharingia, 945–994
- Ezzo of Lotharingia, 994–1034
- Otto I of Lotharingia, 1034–45 (Duke of Swabia 1045–47)
- Heinrich I of Lotharingia, 1045–61
- Hermann II of Lotharingia, 1061–85 (in tutelage to Anno II, archbishop of Cologne until 1064)
Counts Palatine of the Rhine, 1085–1356
From about 1085/1086, after the death of the last Ezzonian palatine count, Herman II of Lotharingia, the Palatinate lost its military importance in Lotharingia. Herman I (died 996 called Pusillus or the Slender, was the Count Palatine of Lotharingia and of several counties along the Rhine including Bonngau Eifelgau Events By Place Asia The Buwayhid Dynasty takes control of Baghdad (it does not supplant the local caliphate) Events By Place Europe Sweyn Forkbeard marries Sigrid the Haughty Ezzo (c 955 &ndash 21 March 1034) sometimes called Erenfried, Count Palatine of Lotharingia of the Ezzonen dynasty Events By Place Europe Sweyn Forkbeard marries Sigrid the Haughty Otto II (died 1047 was Count Palatine of Lotharingia (1034 &ndash 1045 then Duke of Swabia (1045 &ndash 1047 and all the while Count in Deutz and The following is a list of Dukes of Swabia in southwest Germany Heinrich I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1045 until 1060 son of Hezzelin I. Hermann II (born 1049 † Dalhem September 20, 1085) Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1064 when reaching majority until 1085 Hermann II (born 1049 † Dalhem September 20, 1085) Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1064 when reaching majority until 1085 The territorial authority of the count palatine was reduced to his counties along the Rhine, from then on called County Palatine of the Rhine.
- Heinrich II of Laach, 1085–95
- Sigfried of Ballenstadt, 1095–1113
- Gottfried of Kalw, 1113–29
- Wilhelm of Ballenstadt, 1129–39
- Henry IV Jasomirgott, 1139–42
- Hermann III of Stahleck, 1142–55
Hohenstaufen Counts Palatine
The first hereditary Count Palatine of the Rhine was Conrad of Hohenstaufen who was the younger brother of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Heinrich (Henry II, (1107 &ndash January 13, 1177) Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1140-1141 Margrave of Austria from 1141 to 1156 Conrad of Hohenstaufen (c 1135 &ndash 8 November 1195) was the first hereditary Count Palatine of the Rhine. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned The territories attached to this hereditary office started from those held by the Hohenstaufens in Franconia and Rhineland (other branches of the Hohenstaufens received Swabian lands, Franche-Comté, and so forth). Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west Franche-Comté ( Franc-Comtois: Fràntche-Comté; Franco-Provençal: Franche-Comtât) the former "Free County" of Burgundy Much of this was from their imperial ancestors, the Franconian emperors, and a part from Conrad's maternal ancestry, the Saarbrücken. See also Salian Franks, Salic law The Salian dynasty was a Dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four German Kings (1024-1125 Saarbrücken (ˈzaːɐ̯ˈbrʏkn in German; Sarrebruck is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. These backgrounds explain the composition of Upper and Rhenish Palatinate in the inheritance centuries onwards.
- Conrad of Hohenstaufen 1156–95
Welf Counts Palatine
In 1195, the Palatinate passed to the House of Welf through the marriage of Agnes, heir to the Staufen count. Conrad of Hohenstaufen (c 1135 &ndash 8 November 1195) was the first hereditary Count Palatine of the Rhine. See also Elder House of Welf The House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European Dynasty that has included many German and British
- Henry V of Welf, 1195–1213
- Henry VI of Welf, 1213–14
Wittelsbach Counts Palatine
In the early 13th century, with the marriage of the Welf heiress Agnes, the territory fell to the Wittelsbach Dukes of Bavaria, who were also dukes and counts palatine of Bavaria. Henry (1173 – 28 April 1227) was count palatine of the Rhine from 6 August 1195 to 1213 The Wittelsbach family is a European Royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12
During a later division of territory among the heirs of Duke Louis II of Upper Bavaria in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in the Bavarian "Nordgau" (Bavaria north of the Danube river) with the centre around the town of Amberg. Duke Louis I of Bavaria (Ludwig I der Kelheimer Herzog von Bayern Pfalzgraf bei Rhein ( Kelheim, 23 December, 1173 &ndash 15 September Not to be confused with Duke Otto II 1061-1070 Duke of Bavaria (as Otto II. Not to be confused with King Ludwig II of Bavaria. Duke Louis II of Bavaria ( German: Ludwig II der Strenge Herzog von Bayern Not to be confused with King Ludwig II of Bavaria. Duke Louis II of Bavaria ( German: Ludwig II der Strenge Herzog von Bayern Amberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in the Upper Palatinate (Germ As this region was politically connected to the Rhenish Palatinate, the name Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) became common from the early 16th century in contrast to the Lower Palatinate along the Rhine.
With the Treaty of Pavia in 1329, the emperor Louis IV, a son of Louis II, returned the Palatinate to his nephews Rudolf and Rupert. Rudolf I of Bavaria ( October 4 1274, Basle &ndash August 12 1319) (German Rudolf I, Herzog von Bayern Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Adolf of the Rhine (Adolf "der Redliche" von der Pfalz ( 27 September 1300, Wolfratshausen &ndash 29 January 1327, The Treaty of Pavia which divided the House of Wittelsbach two branches was signed in Pavia in 1329. Louis IV ( 1 April[[ 282]] &ndash 11 October 1347) called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the Duke of Bavaria Rudolf II "the blind" ( August 8 1306 in Wolfratshausen &ndash October 4 1353 in Neustadt) was Count Palatine Rupert I "the Red" (Ruprecht der Rote Elector Palatine ( Wolfratshausen, June 9, 1309 &ndash 16 February 1390 in Neustadt
Electors Palatine, 1356–1777
In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was recognized as one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of archsteward (Erztruchseß) of the Empire and imperial vicar (Reichsverweser) of Franconia, Swabia, the Rhine, and southern Germany. Rudolf II "the blind" ( August 8 1306 in Wolfratshausen &ndash October 4 1353 in Neustadt) was Count Palatine Rupert I "the Red" (Ruprecht der Rote Elector Palatine ( Wolfratshausen, June 9, 1309 &ndash 16 February 1390 in Neustadt The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by a Reichstag in Nuremberg headed by Emperor Charles IV Holy Roman Emperor (see Diet The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl An Imperial vicar was one of two princes charged with administering the Holy Roman Empire during an Interregnum. Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge From this time forth, the Count Palatine of the Rhine was usually known as the Elector Palatine (Kurfürst von der Pfalz). The position as prince-elector had already existed earlier (for example, two rival kings of Germany were elected in 1257: Richard of Cornwall and Alfonso of Castile) though it is difficult to pinpoint any exact start of that office. This article lists the German monarchs, ruling over the territory of Germany from the creation of a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom in 843 until the end of monarchy Richard of Cornwall ( 5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272) was Count of Poitou (from 1225 to 1243 Earl of Cornwall (from Alfonso X (November 23 1221 Toledo Spain &ndash April 4 1284 Seville Spain) was a Spanish monarch who ruled as the King of Castile,
Due to the practice of dividing territories among different branches of the family, by the early 16th century junior lines of the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in Simmern, Kaiserslautern, and Zweibrücken in the Lower Palatinate, and in Neuburg and Sulzbach in the Upper Palatinate. Simmern (pronounced) is a town in Germany with 8000 inhabitants (kaɪzɐsˈlaʊtɐn is a City in southwest Germany, located in the Bundesland State of Rhineland-Palatinate ( Rheinland-Pfalz) at Zweibrücken is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach river at the border of the Palatinate forest. Neuburg an der Donau, literally Neuburg on the Danube River, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria The Elector Palatine, now based in Heidelberg, adopted Lutheranism in the 1530s and Calvinism in the 1550s. Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the
First Electorate, 1356–1648
| Wittelsbach dynasty | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rupert I | 1356–1390 | As Rupert I above | |
| Rupert II | 1390–1398 | Nephew of Rupert I, son of Adolf | |
.jpg/80px-Ruprecht_III_(Pfalz).jpg) |
Rupert III | 1398–1410 | Son of Rupert II, elected King of Germany in 1400 |
 |
Louis III | 1410–1436 | Son of Rupert III |
| Louis IV | 1436–1449 | Son of Louis III | |
 |
Frederick I | 1449–1476 | Brother of Louis IV |
 |
Philip | 1476–1508 | Son of Louis IV |
| Louis V | 1508–1544 | Son of Philip | |
 |
Frederick II | 1544–1556 | Brother of Louis V |
 |
Otto Henry | 1556–1559 | Nephew of Frederick II, son of Rupert of Freising |
| Line of Simmern | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
 |
Frederick III | 1559–1576 | When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the Electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, a staunch Calvinist, and the Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the Netherlands and France. Rupert I "the Red" (Ruprecht der Rote Elector Palatine ( Wolfratshausen, June 9, 1309 &ndash 16 February 1390 in Neustadt Rupert II of the Rhine (Ruprecht II der Harte (der Ernste ( 12 May 1325, Amberg &ndash 6 January 1398, Amberg Adolf of the Rhine (Adolf "der Redliche" von der Pfalz ( 27 September 1300, Wolfratshausen &ndash 29 January 1327, Rupert of Germany (Ruprecht III "Klem" Pfalzgraf bei Rhein of the house of Wittelsbach ( 5 May 1352 &ndash 18 May 1410 This article lists the German monarchs, ruling over the territory of Germany from the creation of a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom in 843 until the end of monarchy Louis III Count Palatine of the Rhine (Ludwig III der Ältere or der Bärtige ( 23 January 1378 &ndash 30 December 1436, Heidelberg Louis IV Count Palatine of the Rhine ( 1 January 1424, Heidelberg &ndash 13 August 1449, Worms) was an Elector Palatine Frederick I, Count Palatine of the Rhine ( 1 August 1425, Heidelberg &ndash 12 December 1476, Heidelberg) was an Philip the Upright, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (Philipp der Aufrichtige ( 14 July 1448, Heidelberg &ndash 28 February Louis V Count Palatine of the Rhine (b 2 July 1478 in Heidelberg; d Frederick II Count Palatine of the Rhine (9 December 1482 in Winzingen Castle near Neustadt an der Weinstraße – 26 February 1556 in Alzey) a member of the Otto-Henry Elector Palatine, (Ottheinrich Amberg, 10 April 1502 &ndash 12 February 1559 in Heidelberg) a member Frederick III the Pious, Elector Palatine of the Rhine ( February 14, 1515 &ndash October 26, 1576) was a ruler from the house of Frederick III the Pious, Elector Palatine of the Rhine ( February 14, 1515 &ndash October 26, 1576) was a ruler from the house of Palatinate-Simmern (Pfalz-Simmern was one of the collateral lines of the Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. |
| Louis VI | 1576–1583 | Son of Frederick III | |
 |
Frederick IV | 1583–1610 | Son of Louis VI. In the history of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis VI Elector Palatine ( Simmern, 4 July 1539 &ndash 22 October 1583 Frederick IV, Elector Palatine of the Rhine ( March 5, 1574 &ndash September 19, 1610) only surviving son of Louis VI With his adviser Christian of Anhalt, founded the Evangelical Union of Protestant states in 1608. Christian I Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (b Bernburg, 11 May 1568 – d The Protestant Union or League of Evangelical Union (also known as the Evangelical Union or Union of Auhausen) was a coalition of Protestant Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. |
 |
Frederick V | 1610–1623 | Son of Frederick IV and married to Elizabeth, daughter of James I of Great Britain. Frederick V (Friedrich V ( August 26 1596 – November 29 1632) was Elector Palatine (1610–23 and as Frederick I Elisabeth Electress Palatine and Queen of Bohemia (born Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Scotland; 19 August 1596 &ndash 13 February 1662 James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James In 1619, he accepted the throne of Bohemia from the Bohemian estates. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the He was soon defeated by the forces of Emperor Ferdinand II at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, and Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself. Ferdinand II Holy Roman Emperor ( July 9, 1578 &ndash February 15, 1637) of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Ferdinand II The Battle of White Mountain, November 8, 1620 ( Bílá hora is the name of White Mountain in Czech was an early Battle in the Called "the Winter King", because his reign in Bohemia only lasted one winter. In 1623, Frederick was put under the ban of the Empire. |
| House of Bavaria, 1623–48 | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
 |
Maximilian I of Bavaria | 1623–1648 (d. Not to be confused with King Maximilian I of Bavaria (1756-1825 prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph. 1651) | Frederick V's territories and his position as Elector were transferred to the Duke of Bavaria, Maximilian I, of a distantly related branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Although technically Elector Palatine, he was known as the Elector of Bavaria. From 1648 he ruled in Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate alone, but retained all his Electoral dignities and the seniority of the Palatinate Electorate; see further Electors of Bavaria. The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria. |
Second Electorate, 1648–1777
| Restored Simmern Line | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Charles I Louis | 1648–1680 | Son of Frederick V. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Charles Louis (Karl I Ludwig Elector Palatine (22 December 1617 &ndash 28 August 1680 was the second son of Frederick V, the Winter King and his wife By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate, and given a new electoral title, also called "Elector Palatine", but lower in precedence than the other electorates. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of |
| Charles II | 1680–1685 | Son of Charles I Louis. Charles II (Karl II 31 March 1651, Heidelberg &ndash 26 May 1685, Heidelberg) was Elector Palatine from 1680 Last of the Simmern line. | |
| Neuburg Line | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
 |
Philip William | 1685–1690 | In 1685, the Simmern line died out, and the Palatinate was inherited by Philip William, Count Palatine of Neuburg (also Duke of Jülich and Berg), a Catholic. Philip William (Philipp Wilhelm of Neuburg Elector Palatine ( 24 November 1615 &ndash 2 September 1690) was Count Palatine of Neuburg Palatinate-Neuburg (Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505 Berg was a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. |
 |
John William II | 1690–1716 | Son of Philip William |
 |
Charles III Philip | 1716–1742 | Brother of John William II. Johann Wilhelm II Elector Palatine, also known as Johann Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg, ( April 19, 1658 &ndash June 8, 1716) was Year 1716 ( MDCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Karl III Philip Elector Palatine (b Neuburg, November 4, 1661 &ndash d Year 1716 ( MDCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1742 ( MDCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Last of the Neuburg line. Moved the capital of the Palatinate from Heidelberg to Mannheim in 1720. Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart |
| Sulzbach Line | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
.jpg/80px-Karl_Theodor,_Kurfürst_(1742-1799).jpg) |
Charles IV Theodore | 1742–1777 | The Palatinate was inherited by Duke Charles Theodore of Sulzbach. Karl Theodor Prince-Elector Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria (December 1724 &ndash February 16, 1799) reigned as Prince-Elector and Count Year 1742 ( MDCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Karl Theodor Prince-Elector Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria (December 1724 &ndash February 16, 1799) reigned as Prince-Elector and Count Charles Theodore also inherited the Electorate of Bavaria when its ruling line became extinct in 1777. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common |
Electors of Bavaria and Counts Palatine of the Rhine, 1777–1803
| Sulzbach Line | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
.jpg/80px-Kurfürst_Karl_Theodor_(Bayern).jpg) |
Charles IV Theodore | 1777–1799 | The title and authority of Elector Palatine were subsumed into the Electorate of Bavaria, Charles Theodore and his heirs retaining only the single vote and precedence of the Bavarian elector. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Karl Theodor Prince-Elector Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria (December 1724 &ndash February 16, 1799) reigned as Prince-Elector and Count Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a They continued to use the title "Count Palatine of the Rhine" (German: Pfalzgraf bei Rhein). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. |
| Zweibrücken Line | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
 |
Maximilian Joseph | 1799–1803 (d. Maximilian I (also known as Maximilian Joseph) ( May 27, 1756 &ndash October 13, 1825) was Prince-elector of Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a 1825) | Charles Theodore's heir, Maximilian Joseph, Duke of Zweibrücken (on the French border), brought all the Wittelsbach territories under a single rule in 1799. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Pfalz-Zweibrücken is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Palatinate was dissolved in the Wars of the French Revolution. The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states First, its left bank territories were occupied, and then annexed, by France starting in 1795; then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of Baden. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. The Electoral Palatinate, as a distinct territory, disappeared. In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire was abolished, and all the rights and responsibilities of the electors with it. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in |
Later developments
In 1806, Baden was raised to a Grand Duchy. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A grand duchy is a territory whose Head of state is a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814 and 1815, the left-bank Palatinate — enlarged by other regions such as the former bishopric of Speyer — was returned to the Wittelsbachs and became a formal part of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816 and after this time, it was this region that was principally known as the Palatinate. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Bishopric of Speyer until the Secularization of 1803 was the wordly realm of the prince-bishops of Speyer in what is today the German state of The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern was a German state that existed from 1806&ndash1918 Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The area remained a part of Bavaria until after the Second World War, when it was separated and became a part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate, along with former left bank territories of Prussia and Hesse-Darmstadt. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany.
External links
- (German) Heidelberg and the Palatine — elaborate information on history and architecture, illustrated with many pictures
- (German) Virtual Library of the History of the Electoral Palatinate
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic