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Elections in Russia gives information on elections and election results in Russia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The politics of Russia ( the Russian Federation) take place in a framework of a federal presidential Republic. For the constitution of the Imperial Russia see Russian Constitution of 1906 The current Constitution of the Russian Federation The President of Russia (Президент России or the President of the Russian Federation, Президент Российской Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev ( Dmitrij Anatol′evič Medvedev;; born 14 September 1965 is currently President of Russia, inaugurated on 7 May 2008 The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president Presidential Executive Office in Russian: Администрация Президента The Security Council of the Russian Federation (SCRF ( Russian: Совет Безопасности Российской Федерации) is a consultative body The Government of the Russian Federation (Прави́тельство Росси́йской Федера́ции is an executive governmental body that brings together the principal The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, (Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации unofficially called the Prime-Minister Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia The Federal Assembly of Russia (Russian Федеральное Собрание transliteration Federalnoye Sobraniye or Federalnoje Sobranije is the Legislature of the Federation Council of Russia (Сове́т Федера́ции Sovet Federatsii) is the Upper house of the The State Duma (Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma common abbreviation Госдума (Gosduma in the Russian Federation is the According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian judiciary shall have judicial appeal and judicial review at the level of the Supreme Court Constitutional Court of Russian Federation (Russian Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации is a high court which is empowered to rule on whether The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation ( Russian: ru Верховный Суд Российской Федерации is the final instance in Administrative law The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation is the Court of final instance in commercial disputes in Russia The Public Chamber (In Russian: Общественная палата is a state institution with 126 members created in 2005 in Russia to analyze The State Council of the Russian Federation ( Russian: Государственный Совет is an Advisory body to the Head of State which The primary and fundamental statement of laws in the Russian Federation is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Political parties in Russia lists political parties in Russia. Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on June 12, 1991. Presidential elections were held in Russia in 1996. Incumbent Russian President Boris Yeltsin was seeking a four-year term Russian presidential elections were held on March 26, 2000. Incumbent Prime Minister and acting President Vladimir Putin, who had succeeded Boris Presidential elections were held in Russia on March 14, 2004. The Russian Presidential election of 2008, held on March 2, 2008 resulted in the election of Dmitry Medvedev as the third President of Russia Legislative elections were held in the Russian SFSR on March 4, 1990. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 12 1993. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 17 1995. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 19 1999. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 7 2003. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 2 2007. A referendum was held in Russia on 7 March, 1991, asking about the introduction of the post of President of RSFSR. A referendum was held in Russia on 25 April 1993 following the constitutional crisis earlier in the year A referendum was held in Russia on 12 December 1993 It was initiated by President Boris Yeltsin after the fall of the Supreme Soviet. The Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (Центральная избирательная комиссия Российской Федерации (Центризбирком Being the largest country in the world spanning a large percentage of Eurasia, and one of the most populated Russia is divided into several types and levels of Russia is a Federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal Human rights in the Soviet Union The rights and liberties of the citizens of the Russian Federation are granted by Chapter 2 of the Constitution adopted in 1993 This article covers the foreign relations of Russia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 The Russian Federation has one of the largest networks of embassies and consulates of any country Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office The politics of Russia ( the Russian Federation) take place in a framework of a federal presidential Republic.
Russia elects on the federal level a head of state - the president - and a legislature - the Federal Assembly. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The president is elected for a four year term by the people. The Federal Assembly (Federalnoe Sobranie) has two chambers. The Federal Assembly of Russia (Russian Федеральное Собрание transliteration Federalnoye Sobraniye or Federalnoje Sobranije is the Legislature of the In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The State Duma (Gosudarstvennaja Duma) has 450 members, elected for a four year term, half of them by proportional representation and the other half by first-past-the-post. A Duma (Ду́ма is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes The Federation Council (Sovet Federatsii) has 178 members: 2 delegates for each region. Federation Council of Russia (Сове́т Федера́ции Sovet Federatsii) is the Upper house of the
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Historical overview
After the fall of the USSR, there have been four elections for presidency and parliament each (see the box at the bottom of the page). The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 In both, the Communist Party first fell to below 20% of the votes, then rose sharply to over 30%, but then over two elections fell again to just over 10%. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit
In the four presidential elections, only once, in 1996, a second round was needed. There have been two presidents, with Boris Yeltsin elected in 1991 and 1996 and Vladimir Putin in 2000 and 2004 (Yeltsin had already relinquished power to Putin in 1999). Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia The candidate of the Communist Party always came in second, first Nikolai Ryzhkov in 1991, then Gennady Zyuganov in 1996 and 2000 and finally Nikolay Kharitonov in 2004. Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov ( Russian: Николай Иванович Рыжков Nikolaj Ivanovič Ryžkov; born September 28, 1929) was Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov or Guennady Ziuganov ( Генна́дий Андре́евич Зюга́нов) (born 26 June 1944) is a Russian Nikolay Mikhailovich Kharitonov (Николай Михайлович Харитонов (born 30 October 1948) is a Russian politician from the Novosibirsk region Only in 1996 has there been another candidate who gained more than 10% of the votes (in the fist round), Alexander Lebed. Alexander Ivanovich Lebed (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ле́бедь ( April 20, 1950, Novocherkassk &ndash April 28, The next presidential elections are scheduled for 2008. The Russian Presidential election of 2008, held on March 2, 2008 resulted in the election of Dmitry Medvedev as the third President of Russia
In the parliamentary elections, the Communist Party was the biggest party in the 1995 (35%) and 1999 (24%) elections. The only other constant factors have been the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, which has hovered between 5 and 15% of the votes and Yabloko, which won 10% of the votes in 1995 and around 5% in the other three elections. The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia ( Либерально-Демократическая Партия России, The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko ( Russian: Российская объединённая демократическая партия "Яблоко" The only other parties that won more than 10% of the votes were Russia's Choice with 16% in 1993, Our Home is Russia with 12% in 1995, Unity Party of Russia with 23%, Fatherland-All Russia with 13% and People's Deputies Faction with 15% in 1999 and United Russia, an alliance of Unity Party of Russia and Fatherland - All Russia, which became the biggest party with 38% in 2003. Our Home – Russia (Наш дом – Россия Naš dom – Rossija) abbreviated as NDR, was a Russian Political party between 1995 Unity (Единство Yedinstvo was a Russian political party that was created in September 1999 and registered on October 15 supported by Russia’s President Boris Yeltsin Fatherland – All Russia (Отечество – Вся Россия ОВР was a political block formed in 1999 by the Fatherland and All Russia blocks United Russia (Единая Россия Yedinaya Rossiya) is a major Political party in the Russian Federation.
Elections legislation
A complement of legislation governs elections in the Russian Federation. Foundation principles on which elections and citizens’ electoral rights are enshrined in the Constitution and clarified in the Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Rights of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (Basic Guarantees). Initially this law was intended to underpin the standards and principles that would govern all elections. As it was enacted in 1994, the Basic Guarantees law also set forth relatively specific procedural principles on which subsequent election laws were to be based. Throughout the years, the law was modified.
Parliament
These elections were conducted under a number of comprehensive and highly detailed laws and subordinate acts, primarily the Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (‘the Duma Election Law’) and the Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in a Referendum (‘the Basic Guarantees Law’). To participate in the elections, parties not currently represented in State Duma must prove their trustworthiness by either gathering a minimum of 200,000 signatures from potential voters, or paying a bail of approximately $2. The State Duma (Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma common abbreviation Госдума (Gosduma in the Russian Federation is the 5 million.
Media
The election legislation includes detailed provisions governing the conduct of electronic and print media during the campaign, inter alia providing for free and paid broadcast time and print space to all political parties registered in the elections on equal conditions for campaign purposes and obligations of state-controlled and private media. The law also requires equal media access for all parties, and that news items on election events must be separate from editorial commentary.
GAS Vybori system
GAS Vybori is an electronic network connecting computer complexes in the elections committee. It was established by presidential decree in 1995 in order to facilitate election-related activities and to provide internal information for the election administration. The main tasks of the system are: aggregation of the election results, assistance in maintaining voters lists, and provision of financial information for parties and candidates. The purpose of such an automated system is to provide speed and a high level of transparency in the electoral process and to facilitate all election actors, including the ordinary voter, in tracking the election results.
Criticism of recent elections
Since Vladimir Putin became President of Russia there has been increasing international criticism of the conduct of Russian elections. European institutions who observed the December 2007 legislative elections concluded that these were not fair elections. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 2 2007. Goran Lennmarker, president of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), said that the elections "failed to meet many of the commitments and standards that we have. Göran Lennmarker, born December 7, 1943, in Norberg in Västmanland County, is a Swedish moderate Politician It was not a fair election. "[1] Luc van den Brande, who headed a delegation from the Council of Europe, referred to the "overwhelming influence of the president's office and the president on the campaign" and said there was "abuse of administrative resources" designed to influence the outcome. The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949 He also said there were "flaws in the secrecy of the vote. " "Effectively, we can't say these were fair elections," he said at a news conference. [2]
In February 2008 The human rights organisation Amnesty International said that the presidential election on 2 March would not be a genuine election: "There is no real opposition ahead of the election. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to Presidential elections were held in Russia on March 14, 2004. There is no real electoral campaign battle," Friederike Behr, Amnesty's Russia researcher, was quoted as saying. In a report on the elections, Amnesty said laws restricting non-government organizations, police breaking up demonstrations, and harassment from critics were all part of "a systematic destruction of civil liberties in Russia. "[3] Another human rights organisation, Freedom House, said that the victory of Putin's party in the 2007 elections "was achieved under patently unfair and non-competitive conditions calling into doubt the result’s legitimacy. Freedom House is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Democracy, political "[4]
The Russian government has acted to prevent international observers monitoring Russian elections. In 2007 the OSCE was prevented from monitoring the legislative elections held in December. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 2 2007. [5] In February 2008 the European Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights announced that it would not send observers to monitor the presidential election on March 2, citing what it called "severe restrictions" imposed on its work by the Russian government. “We made every effort in good faith to deploy our mission, even under the conditions imposed by the Russian authorities,” said Christian Strohal, the organization’s director. “The Russian Federation has created limitations that are not conducive to undertaking election observation. ” [6] The OSCE has also withdrawn its attempts to monitor the elections.
Latest elections
| Candidates | Nominating parties | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dmitry Medvedev | United Russia, Agrarian Party, Fair Russia, Russian Ecological Party - "The Greens" and Civilian Power. The Russian Presidential election of 2008, held on March 2, 2008 resulted in the election of Dmitry Medvedev as the third President of Russia Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Russian Presidential election of 2008, held on March 2, 2008 resulted in the election of Dmitry Medvedev as the third President of Russia Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev ( Dmitrij Anatol′evič Medvedev;; born 14 September 1965 is currently President of Russia, inaugurated on 7 May 2008 United Russia (Единая Россия Yedinaya Rossiya) is a major Political party in the Russian Federation. The Agrarian Party of Russia ( Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii, Аграрная Партия России АПР was a Left wing agrarian party in Russia. Fair Russia Motherland/Pensioners/Life (Справедли́вая Росси́я Ро́дина/Пенсионе́ры/Жизнь|Spravedlivaya Rossiya Rodina/Pensionery/Zhizn Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" (Российская экологическая партия «Зеленые» Rossiiskaya ekologicheskaya partiya Civilian Power (or Citizens' Force, Russian: Гражданская сила is a formal liberal political party in the Russian Federation, |
52,530,712 | 70. 28 |
| Gennady Zyuganov | Communist Party of the Russian Federation | 13,243,550 | 17. Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov or Guennady Ziuganov ( Генна́дий Андре́евич Зюга́нов) (born 26 June 1944) is a Russian The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit 72 |
| Vladimir Zhirinovsky | Liberal Democratic Party of Russia | 6,988,510 | 9. Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (Влади́мир Во́льфович Жирино́вский born April 25, 1946 as Vladimir Volfovich Eidelstein) The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia ( Либерально-Демократическая Партия России, 35 |
| Andrei Bogdanov | Democratic Party of Russia | 968,344 | 1. Andrey Vladimirovich Bogdanov ( Russian Андре́й Влади́мирович Богда́нов (born 1970 in Moscow) is a Russian politician The Democratic Party of Russia or DPR ( Russian: Демократи́ческая Па́ртия Росси́и 30 |
| Invalid ballots | 1,015,533 | 1. 35 | |
| TOTAL | 73,731,116 | 100. 0 | |
| Parties and coalitions | Votes | % | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Russia (Единая Россия, Edinaya Rossiya) | 44,714,241 | 64. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 2 2007. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A Duma (Ду́ма is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 2 2007. United Russia (Единая Россия Yedinaya Rossiya) is a major Political party in the Russian Federation. 30 | 315 | |
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации, Kommunističeskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federacii) | 8,046,886 | 11. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit 57 | 57 | |
| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (Либерально-демократическая Партия России, Liberal'no-demokratičeskaya Partiya Rossii) | 5,660,823 | 8. The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia ( Либерально-Демократическая Партия России, 14 | 40 | |
| Fair Russia (Справедливая Россия, Spravedlivaya Rossiya) | 5,383,639 | 7. Fair Russia Motherland/Pensioners/Life (Справедли́вая Росси́я Ро́дина/Пенсионе́ры/Жизнь|Spravedlivaya Rossiya Rodina/Pensionery/Zhizn 74 | 38 | |
| Agrarian Party of Russia (Аграрная Партия России, Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii) | 1,600,234 | 2. The Agrarian Party of Russia ( Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii, Аграрная Партия России АПР was a Left wing agrarian party in Russia. 30 | — | |
| Russian Democratic Party "Yabloko" (Российская Демократическая Партия "Яблоко", Rossiyskaya Demokratičeskaya Partiya "Yabloko") | 1,108,985 | 1. The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko ( Russian: Российская объединённая демократическая партия "Яблоко" 59 | — | |
| Civilian Power (Гражданская Сила, Grazhdanskaya Sila) | 733,604 | 1. Civilian Power (or Citizens' Force, Russian: Гражданская сила is a formal liberal political party in the Russian Federation, 05 | — | |
| Union of Right Forces (Союз Правых Сил, Soyuz Pravych Sil) | 669,444 | 0. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated 96 | — | |
| Patriots of Russia (Патриоты России, Patrioty Rossii) | 615,417 | 0. Patriots of Russia (Патриоты России) is a Russian Political party established in April 2005 by Gennady Semigin, who was expelled from 89 | — | |
| Russian Social Justice Party (Российская Партия Справедливости, Rossiyskaya Partiya Spravedlivosti) | 154,083 | 0. 22 | — | |
| Democratic Party of Russia (Демократическая Партия России, Demokratičeskaya Partiya Rossii) | 89,780 | 0. The Democratic Party of Russia or DPR ( Russian: Демократи́ческая Па́ртия Росси́и 13 | — | |
| Valid ballot papers | 68,777,136 | 98. 91 | ||
| Invalid ballot papers | 759,929 | 1. 09 | ||
| Total (turnout 63. 71%) | 69,537,065 | 100. 00 | 450 | |
| Eligible voters | 109,145,517 | |||
| Source: Russian Election Commission | ||||
See also
References
- ^ (English) "Monitors denounce Russia election", BBC News, BBC, 2007-12-03. A voting system allows voters to choose between options often in an Election where candidates are selected for public office. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
- ^ International Observers Say Russia's Parliamentary Election Not Fair, Fox News, 3 December 2007
- ^ No opposition or debate in Russia election: Amnesty
- ^ Russian Elections Lack Legitimacy; Meaningful Political Competition Absent
- ^ Election Observers Unwelcome, Spiegel Online, 16 November 2007
- ^ European Group Cancels Mission to Observe Russian Election, Citing Restrictions , New York Times, 8 February 2008
External links
- TrendLines Election Projections Chart of Presidential contenders updated monthly
- Final report on the presidential election in the Russian Federation, 26 March 2000
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