Romania

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Romania

Constitution Constitution President Traian Băsescu Government Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu Cabinet Parliament Senate President Nicolae Văcăroiu Standing Bureau Chamber of Deputies President Bogdan Olteanu Standing Bureau Judiciary High Court of Cassation and Justice Courts in Romania Constitutional Court Ombudsman Judicial reform Military Supreme Council of National Defense Romanian Armed Forces Romanian Air Force Romanian Land Forces Romanian Naval Forces Gendarmerie Political parties Parliamentary parties PNL, PSD, PD-L, PRM, PC, Ethnic minorities' parties (UDMR, FDGR, 16 others) Non-parliamentary parties (not a full list) PNŢ-CD, PER, PV, PIN, PNG, AP Elections 2012 local 2009 presidential 2009 European Parliament 2008 legislative 2008 local 2007 European Parliament 2004 presidential 2004 legislative Administrative divisions Regional level Macroregions Development regions Counties Local level Metropolitan areas Municipalities Sectors Cities Communes Villages Foreign relations European Union NATO Moldova Moldova reunion Russia Embassies

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Romania elects on a national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Politics of Romania take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Romania is The 1991 Constitution of Romania is the fundamental law that establishes the structure of the government of Romania, the rights and obligations of the country's citizens and The President of Romania is the Head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a Two-round system for a five-year term (since 2004 Traian Băsescu (born November 4 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer The Government of Romania (Guvernul României is the executive branch of Romania. The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Călin-Constantin-Anton Popescu-Tăriceanu ( konstan'tin an'ton po'pes The current Cabinet of the Government of Romania is composed of 18 ministers listed below Călin-Constantin-Anton Popescu - Tăriceanu The Parliament of Romania is made up of two chambers The Chamber of Deputies The Senate Prior to The Senate of Romania ( romanian: "Senat" is the upper house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The President of the Senate of Romania is the senator elected to preside over the Senate meetings Nicolae Văcăroiu (born on December 5, 1943 in Cetatea Albă now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Ukraine) is a Romanian politician The Standing Bureau of the Senate consists of the President of the Senate, four vice-presidents four secretaries and four quaestors The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor is the lower house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania is the senator elected to preside over the Senate meetings Bogdan Olteanu (born 29 October 1971) is a Romanian politician and lawyer currently the president of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower The Standing Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies consists of the President of the Chamber of Deputies, four vice-presidents four secretaries and four quaestors The High Court of Cassation and Justice (Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie is Romania 's Supreme court. Romania has a civil law system based on the French model, with various levels of court hierarchy Local courts (Judecătorii 40 county The Constitutional Court of Romania ( Curtea Constituţională in Romanian) is the institution which rules on whether the laws decrees or other bills enacted The Romanian Ombudsman ( Avocatul Poporului in Romanian, literally meaning "People's Advocate" is an independent institution of the Government Recent decades have seen a surge in the birth of "supraterritorial institutions and associations", that have been gathered by their enactment of Common law and practices The Supreme Council of National Defense ( Consiliul Suprem de Apărare a Ţării; acronym CSAT) is the autonomous administrative authority in Romania The Land Forces, Air Force and Naval Forces are collectively known as the Romanian Armed Forces ( Romanian: Forţele Armate Române The Romanian Air Force (Forţele Aeriene Române is the Air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces It has an air force headquarters an operational command The Romanian Land Forces ( Romanian: Forţele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and part of the overall Romanian Armed The Romanian Navy ( Romanian: Forţele Navale Române) is the Navy branch of the Romanian Armed Forces; it operates in the Black Sea Jandarmeria Română (ʒandarme'ria ro'mɨnə is the military branch of the two Romanian Police forces (the civil force being the Political parties in Romania lists political parties in Romania. The Partidul Naţional Liberal ( National Liberal Party) is a liberal party in Romania, and the second largest party in parliament being edged out The Social Democratic Party of Romania (in Romanian, Partidul Social Democrat, PSD is a major political party of Romania. The Democratic Liberal Party (Partidul Democrat-Liberal PD-L) is a centre-right party in Romania. The Greater Romania Party (Partidul România Mare PRM is a Romanian neo-fascist political party led by Corneliu Vadim Tudor. The Conservative Party of Romania ( Partidul Conservator) is a political party formed in 1991 after the fall of Communism, under the name of the The Romanian Constitution reserves a seat in the Chamber of Deputies for the party and cultural association of each ethnic minority in Romania (with the limitation The Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, (also Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania; Hungarian: Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség The Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumänien DFDR; Forumul Democrat al Germanilor The Romanian Constitution reserves a seat in the Chamber of Deputies for the party and cultural association of each ethnic minority in Romania (with the limitation The Romanian Ecologist Party (Partidul Ecologist Român was founded by Petre Metanie a teacher in 1978 as a political organisation opposed to Nicolae Ceauşescu and the The Green Party (Partidul Verde often shortened to The Greens ( Verzii) is a Romanian political party centred on Green politics. The National Initiative Party is a small Romanian political party The New Generation Party – Christian Democratic ( Partidul Noua Generaţie - Creştin Democrat, PNGCD formerly Partidul Noua Generaţie, PNG is a nationalist The People's Action (Acţiunea Populară was a minor Romanian Right-wing Political party, founded and led by former President Emil Local elections will be held in Romania in early summer (late May or early June 2012 with a Runoff for mayors two weeks later Presidential elections will be held in Romania at the end of 2009 The European Parliament election of 2009 in Romania will be the election of the delegation from Romania to the European Parliament in 2009 Legislative elections will be held in Romania on November 30, 2008. Local elections were held in Romania on June 1 2008, with a Runoff for mayors on June 15 2008. Romania elected its members of the European Parliament for the first time on 25 November 2007; the election was initially scheduled for 13 May, but A presidential election was held in Romania on November 28, 2004. The Romanian legislative election of 2004 was held on November 28, 2004. Romania 's administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified The macroregions ('macroregiuni' of Romania are the four regional divisions created in Romania in 1998. The development regions of Romania (Romanian regiunile de dezvoltare României) refer to the eight regional divisions created in Romania in 1998 in order List of counties See also List of Romanian Counties by Population The Judeţe (translated in English as "counties" are administrative The current legislation in Romania regulates the status of the 265 cities according to their population and regional importance Rank 0 - Bucharest, the Capital County capitals of Romania A municipality ( municipiu in The Municipality of Bucharest (the capital of Romania) is divided into six administrative sectors ( sectoare in Romanian) each of which This is the list of cities in Romania ordered by population according to the 2002 census A commune ( comună in Romanian) is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania Since December 1989 Romania has pursued a policy of strengthening relations with the West in general more specifically with the United States and the European Union Romania acceded to the European Union on January 1, 2007 along with Bulgaria. Romania joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO on March 29, 2004 following the decision taken at the Prague Summit, in November A movement for the unification of Romania and Moldova began in both countries after the 1989 Romanian Revolution and the Glasnost policy in the Soviet Union On June 26 1940, Romania received an Ultimatum from the Soviet Union, demanding the evacuation of the Romanian military and administration from The following is a list of diplomatic missions of Romania, excluding honorary consulates Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The president is elected for a five year term by the people. The Romanian Parliament (Parlamentul României) has two chambers. The Parliament of Romania is made up of two chambers The Chamber of Deputies The Senate Prior to In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor) has 346 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation. The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor is the lower house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes The Senate (Senatul) has 143 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation. The Senate of Romania ( romanian: "Senat" is the upper house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes Romania has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. A multi-party system is a system in which three or more political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a Cabinet of a parliamentary Government in which several parties cooperate

In 2007, for the first time, Romanians elected their representatives to the European Parliament. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU The date for these elections was 25 November. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the See also European Parliament election, 2007. Two member states of the European Union held elections to the European Parliament in 2007.

Electoral system

The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate are elected in constituencies, by universal, equal, direct, secret, and freely expressed suffrage, on the basis of a list system and independent candidatures, according to the principle of closed party list proportional representation. The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor is the lower house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The Senate of Romania ( romanian: "Senat" is the upper house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of Voting systems used in multiple-winner Elections (e Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes The option for an identical election system of the two Chambers of Parliament confers them the same legitimacy, as both of them are the expression of the will of the same electoral body. The Parliament of Romania is made up of two chambers The Chamber of Deputies The Senate Prior to

The two Chambers have different numbers of members: the Chamber of Deputies is composed of 332 Deputies, and the Senate of 137 Senators. The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor is the lower house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The Senate of Romania ( romanian: "Senat" is the upper house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. This differentiation is possible owing to the legal provision of a representation norm differing from one Chamber to the other. Thus, for the election of the Chamber of Deputies the representation norm is of one Deputy to 70,000 inhabitants, and for the election of the Senate, of one Senator to 160,000 inhabitants. The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor is the lower house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The Senate of Romania ( romanian: "Senat" is the upper house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament.

The number of Deputies and Senators to be elected in each constituency is determined on the basis of the representation norm, by relating the number of inhabitants in each constituency to the representation norm. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty In a constituency, the number of Deputies cannot be less than four, and that of Senators, less than two. A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty The number of inhabitants taken into account is that existing on July 1 of the previous year, published in the Statistical Yearbook of Romania. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. If, at least five months before the election date, a general census has taken place, the number of inhabitants taken into account is that resulting from the census. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population

The Constitution of Romania and the Election Law grant to legally constituted organizations of citizens belonging to national minorities, in case these could not obtain at the election at least one Deputy or Senator mandate, the right to a Deputy mandate, if they have obtained throughout the country a number of votes equal to at least 5% out of the average number of votes validly expressed throughout the country for the election of one Deputy. The 1991 Constitution of Romania is the fundamental law that establishes the structure of the government of Romania, the rights and obligations of the country's citizens and In Mathematics, an average, or central tendency of a Data set refers to a measure of the "middle" or " expected " value of Votes are people of Votia in Ingria (part of modern day northwestern Russia, roughly (southwest of Saint Petersburg, near and east

The mandates assigned, under the conditions of the Election Law, to organizations of citizens belonging to national minorities are added to the Deputy mandates resulted from the representation norm.

2004 elections

Map of the Romanian counties based on the party of the president of the County Council
     Social Democratic Party      National Liberal Party      Democratic Party      Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania      Conservative Party      Greater Romania Party      Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania

Map of the Romanian counties based on the party of the mayor of the county capital
     Democratic-Liberal Party      Social Democratic Party      National Liberal Party      Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania      Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party      Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania

Ballots are cast separately for the President, the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Social Democratic Party of Romania (in Romanian, Partidul Social Democrat, PSD is a major political party of Romania. The Partidul Naţional Liberal ( National Liberal Party) is a liberal party in Romania, and the second largest party in parliament being edged out The Democratic Party ( Romanian: Partidul Democrat, PD was a centre-right party of Romania. The Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, (also Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania; Hungarian: Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség The Conservative Party of Romania ( Partidul Conservator) is a political party formed in 1991 after the fall of Communism, under the name of the The Greater Romania Party (Partidul România Mare PRM is a Romanian neo-fascist political party led by Corneliu Vadim Tudor. The Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumänien DFDR; Forumul Democrat al Germanilor The Democratic Liberal Party (Partidul Democrat-Liberal PD-L) is a centre-right party in Romania. The Social Democratic Party of Romania (in Romanian, Partidul Social Democrat, PSD is a major political party of Romania. The Partidul Naţional Liberal ( National Liberal Party) is a liberal party in Romania, and the second largest party in parliament being edged out The Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, (also Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania; Hungarian: Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség The Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumänien DFDR; Forumul Democrat al Germanilor The President of Romania is the Head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a Two-round system for a five-year term (since 2004 The Senate of Romania ( romanian: "Senat" is the upper house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor is the lower house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. The Romanian electoral law requires a political party to receive 5% of the valid cast ballots in order to gain seats in the Parliament. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Parliament of Romania is made up of two chambers The Chamber of Deputies The Senate Prior to For political alliances the percentage depends on the number of parties in the alliance. In 2004 there were three alliances, all of them composed of two parties: the "Uniunea Naţionalǎ PSD+PUR" (PSD and PUR), the "Alianţa Dreptate şi Adevǎr PNL-PD" (PNL and PD), and the "Alianţa Popular Creştin Democratǎ". "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Social Democratic Party of Romania (in Romanian, Partidul Social Democrat, PSD is a major political party of Romania. The Conservative Party of Romania ( Partidul Conservator) is a political party formed in 1991 after the fall of Communism, under the name of the The Partidul Naţional Liberal ( National Liberal Party) is a liberal party in Romania, and the second largest party in parliament being edged out The Democratic Party ( Romanian: Partidul Democrat, PD was a centre-right party of Romania. The percentage required for two-party alliances is 9%. For the presidential election, if no candidate receives more than 50% of the cast ballots, a run-off between the first two candidates is organized two weeks after the election date.

President

Main article: Romanian presidential election, 2004

Parliament

Main article: Romanian legislative election, 2004

Past elections

Local elections

See also

• Electoral calendar
• Electoral system

References

• Official site of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania

External links

• Adam Carr's Election Archive
• Parties and elections