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The following information deals with elections in Germany, including elections to the Federal Diet (the lower house of the federal parliament), the Landtags of the various states, and local elections. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Politics of Germany takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Federal Chancellor The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland is the Constitution of Germany. Based on the experience with the atrocities of the Nazi regime, human rights in Germany are protected extensively by the constitution The Federal Assembly (aka Federal Convention Bundesversammlung is a special body in the institutional system of Germany, convened solely for the purpose of electing The Bundesrat ("federal council" or "upper house of German parliament" is the representation of the 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) of The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. The Federal Constitutional Court (in German: Bundesverfassungsgericht BVerfG) is a special Court established by the Basic Law for the Federal Republic The “ Federal Court of Justice of Germany ” ( German: “ Bundesgerichtshof ” or “ BGH ” is the highest court in the system of ordinary jurisdiction The President of Germany (deutscher Bundespräsident is Germany 's Head of state. Horst Köhler ( born 22 February 1943) is a German politician ( CDU) and economist who serves as the current President of Germany. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler (ˈaŋɡela doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛɐ̯kəl (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany) is the Chancellor of Germany. The Cabinet of Germany ( German: Bundeskabinett or Bundesregierung) is the chief executive body of the Federal Republic of Germany Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of political parties in Germany. Germany has a Multi-party system with two large parties three substantial smaller parties and a number of minor The Federal Republic of Germany is a Central European country and member of the European Union, Group of 8 and NATO (among others The European Union is a unique entity possessing elements of Intergovernmentalism, Supranationalism and a Multi-party Parliamentary democracy Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent Politics of Germany takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Federal Chancellor The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. A Landtag ( Diet) is a representative assembly or Parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority

Contents

German elections since 1949

Federal Republic of Germany

Election system

Political System
Political System

Germany elects on federal level a legislature. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The parliament has two chambers. In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The Federal Diet (Bundestag) nominally has 598 members, elected for a four year term, 299 members elected in single-seat constituencies according to first-past-the-post, while a further 299 members are allocated from statewide party lists to achieve a proportional distribution in the legislature, conducted according to a system of proportional representation called the additional member system. A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty The plurality voting system is a Single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes The Additional Member System (AMS is a branch of Voting systems in which some representatives are elected from geographic constituencies and others are elected under Voters vote once for a constituency representative, and a second time for a party, and the lists are used to make the party balances match the distribution of second votes. In the current parliament there are 16 overhang seats, giving a total of 614. Overhang seats can arise in elections under the traditional (i This is caused by larger parties winning additional single-member districts above the totals determined by their proportional party vote.

Germany has a multi-party system, with two strong parties and some other third parties that are electorally successful. A multi-party system is a system in which three or more political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral

Elections are conducted every 4 years, with the exact date of the election chosen by the outgoing government. The Bundestag can be dismissed and a new election called before the four year period has ended, but this usually only occurs in the case of a government losing its majority.

German nationals over the age of 18 are eligible to vote, including most Germans resident outside Germany, and eligibility for candidacy is essentially the same as eligibility to vote.

The Federal Council (Bundesrat) has 69 members representing the governments of the states. The Bundesrat ("federal council" or "upper house of German parliament" is the representation of the 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) of

Latest election results

Main article: German federal election, 2005
e•d Summary of the 18 September 2005 German Federal Diet (Bundestag) election results
Parties Constituency Party list Total seats
Votes  % +/− Seats +/− Votes  % +/− Seats +/− Total +/−  %
Christian Democratic Union *) (Christlich-Demokratische Union) 15,390,950 32. German federal elections took place on September 18, 2005 to elect the members of the 16th German Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. German federal elections took place on September 18, 2005 to elect the members of the 16th German Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. 6 +0. 6 106 +24 13,136,740 27. 8 -1. 7 74 -34 180 -10 29. 3
Christian Social Union of Bavaria *) (Christlich Soziale Union in Bayern) 3,889,990 8. 2 -0. 8 44 +1 3,494,309 7. 4 -1. 6 2 -13 46 -12 7. 5
Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) 18,129,100 38. 4 -3. 5 145 -26 16,194,665 34. 2 -4. 3 77 -3 222 -29 36. 2
Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei) 2,208,531 4. The Free Democratic Party ( Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP is a liberal Political party in Germany. 7 +1. 1 0 0 4,648,144 9. 8 +2. 5 61 +14 61 +14 9. 9
The Left Party.PDS (Die Linke. This article is about the party before the merger with WASG in 2007 PDS), since 2007: The Left (Die Linke) 3,764,168 8. The Left (Die Linke is a German political party that came into being on 16 June 2007 as a merger of The Left Party/PDS the former 0 +3. 6 3 +1 4,118,194 8. 7 +4. 7 51 +51 54 +52 8. 8
Alliance '90/The Greens (Bündnis '90/Die Grünen) 2,538,913 5. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional 4 -0. 2 1 0 3,838,326 8. 1 -0. 5 50 -4 51 -4 8. 3
National Democratic Party of Germany (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands) 857,777 1. The National Democratic Party of Germany (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands NPD is a German pan-German nationalist and White nationalist political 8 +1. 6 0 0 748,568 1. 6 +1. 2 0 0 0 0 0. 0
Other 1,272,410 2. 7 – 0 0 1,857,610 4. 0 – 0 0 0 0 –
Totals 47,194,062 100 – 299 – 47,287,988 100 – 315 +11 614 +11 100

List of Federal election results

State elections in the Federal Republic of Germany

State elections are conducted under various rules set by the Länder. German federal elections took place on September 18, 2005 to elect the members of the 16th German Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany The 15th German federal election 2002 was conducted on September 22, 2002, to elect members to the Bundestag (lower house of Germany. In 1998 a German federal election was conducted on September 27, 1998, to elect members to the 14th Bundestag, the lower house of Germany. The 13th German federal election 1994 was conducted on October 16, 1994, to elect members to the Bundestag (lower house of Germany. The 12th German federal election 1990 was conducted on December 2, 1990, to elect members to the Bundestag (lower house of Germany. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular In general they are conducted according to some form of party list proportional repesentation, either the same as the federal system or some simplified version. The election period is generally four to five years, and the dates of elections vary from state to state.

Baden-Württemberg state election results

Bavaria state election results

Berlin state election results

Brandenburg state election results

Bremen state election results

Hamburg state election results

Hesse state election results

Lower Saxony state election results

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election results

North Rhine-Westphalia state election results

Rhineland-Palatinate state election results

Saarland state election results

Saxony state election results

Saxony-Anhalt state election results

Schleswig-Holstein state election results

Thuringia state election results

German Democratic Republic

See: Politics of East Germany

In the German Democratic Republic, elections between multiple parties to the Volkskammer took place, but were effectively controlled by the SED/state hierarchy, even if multiple parties existed pro forma. The Baden-Württemberg state election 2006 was conducted on March 26 2006 to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Baden-Württemberg The Baden-Württemberg state election 2001, was conducted on March 25, 2001, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Baden-Württemberg The Bavaria state election 2003, was conducted on September 21, 2003, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Bavaria. The Bavaria state election 1998, was conducted on September 13, 1998, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Bavaria. The Berlin state election 2006, was held on September 17, 2006, to elect members to the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Deputies of Berlin The Berlin state election 2001, was conducted on October 21, 2001, to elect members to the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Deputies of Berlin The Brandenburg state election 2004, was conducted on September 19, 2004, to elect members to the Landtag of Brandenburg, the state legislature of The Brandenburg state election 1999, was conducted on September 5, 1999, to elect members to the Landtag of Brandenburg, the state legislature of State elections were held in Bremen on 13 May 2007 to elect the Bürgerschaft (city and state legislature The Bremen state election 2003, was conducted on May 25, 2003, to elect members to the Bürgerschaft of Bremen. State elections were held in Hamburg on 24 February 2008. The four parties The Hamburg state election 2004, was conducted on February 29, 2004, to elect members to the Bürgerschaft (state and city legislature of Hamburg The Hamburg state election 2001, was conducted on September 23, 2001, to elect members to the Bürgerschaft (state and city legislature of Hamburg State elections for the Landtag of Hesse were held in Hesse on 27 January 2008. Hessen state election 2003, was conducted on February 2, 2003, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Hessen. The Hesse state election 1999, was conducted on February 7, 1999, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Hesse. State elections were held in Lower Saxony on 27 January 2008. The Lower Saxony state election 2003, was conducted on February 2, 2003, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Lower Saxony The Lower Saxony state election 1998, was conducted on March 1, 1998, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Lower Saxony. The Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election of 2006, was conducted on September 27, 2006, to elect members to the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election 2002, was conducted on September 22, 2002, to elect members to the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The North Rhine-Westphalia state election 2005, was conducted on May 22, 2005, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of North Rhine-Westphalia The North Rhine-Westphalia state election 2000, was conducted on May 14, 2000, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of North Rhine-Westphalia The Rhineland-Palatinate state election 2006, was conducted on March 26, 2006, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Rhineland-Palatinate The Rhineland-Palatinate state election 2001, was conducted on March 25, 2001, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Rhineland-Palatinate The Saarland state election, 2004, was conducted on September 5, 2004, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Saarland The Saarland state election 1999, was conducted on September 5, 1999, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Saarland. The Saxony state election 2004, was conducted on September 19, 2004, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of the Free State of Saxony The Saxony-Anhalt state election 2006, was conducted on March 26, 2006, to elect members to the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt. The Saxony-Anhalt state election 2002, was conducted on April 21, 2002, to elect members to the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt. The Schleswig-Holstein state election 2005, was conducted on February 20, 2005, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Schleswig-Holstein The Schleswig-Holstein state election 2000, was conducted on February 27, 2000, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Schleswig-Holstein The Thuringia state election 2004, was conducted on June 13, 2004, to elect members to the Landtag (state legislature of Thuringia. The German Democratic Republic (GDR German Deutsche Demokratische Republik, or DDR commonly known in English as East Germany) was created as a socialist republic The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The Volkskammer ("People's Chamber" was the unicameral Legislature of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany) On 18 March 1990 the first and only free elections in the history of the GDR were held, producing a government whose major mandate was to negotiate an end to itself and its state. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)

German elections 1871 to 1945

From the unification of Germany under Emperor Wilhelm I in 1871 to the Nazi accession to power and the abolishment of elections following the Enabling Act of 1933, elections were held to the German Reichstag or "Imperial Assembly", which supplanted its namesake, the Reichstag of the Norddeutscher Bund. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Enabling Act ( in German) was passed by the Reichstag ( Germany 's parliament on March 23, 1933 and signed Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Reichstag ( German for "Imperial Diet " was the Parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, The North German Confederation (Norddeutscher Bund came into existence in August 1866 as a military alliance of 22 states of northern Germany with the Kingdom of The Reichstag could be dissolved by the Kaiser, and after the abdication of Wilhelm II in 1918 by the Reichspräsident. The Reichspräsident was the German Head of state during the period of the 1919-1934 Weimar Republic and the title was later briefly revived With the Weimar constitution of 1919, the voting system changed from single-member constituencies to proportional representation. For a detailed discussion of the English translation of Reich, see Reich. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Election age was reduced to 20 years. Women's suffrage had already been established by a new electoral law in 1918, following the November revolution of that year. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Elections in Nazi Germany

See: Nazi Germany

The 9th German election in 1933 was the last free election. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The 8th German Reichstag election of the Weimar Republic was held on March 5 1933, shortly after the Reichstag building had burned and was the last election In the Third Reich, several elections were conducted, leading to unanimous support of the NSDAP and their politicians, because other parties were dissolved or banned.

Weimar Republic elections

See: Weimar Republic

Imperial elections

See: German Empire

See also

Further reading

External links


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