Eleanor Florence Rathbone (May 12, 1872 – January 2, 1946) was an Independent British Member of Parliament and long-term campaigner for women's rights. In the United Kingdom, a blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event Westminster is an area of Central London, within the City of Westminster. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In Politics, an independent is a Politician who is not Affiliated with any Political party. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories She was a member of the noted Rathbone family of Liverpool. The Rathbone family of Liverpool, England, were a family of Non-conformist merchants and shipowners whose sense of high social consciousness led to a fine Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary
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Life
Rathbone was the daughter of the social reformer William Rathbone VI and his second wife, Emily Lyle. William Rathbone VI ( 11 February 1819 &mdash 6 March 1902, Liverpool) was a British politician noted for his philanthropic Her family encouraged her to concentrate to social issues. Rathbone went to Kensington High School, London, and later studied in Somerville College, Oxford, over the protestations of her mother. Kensington is a district of West London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, located west of Charing Cross. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Somerville College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and was one of the first Women's colleges to Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, After graduation, she worked alongside her father to investigate social and industrial conditions in Liverpool until William Rathbone died in 1902. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting They also opposed the Second Boer War. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: In 1903 Rathbone published their Report on the results of a Special Inquiry into the conditions of Labour at the Liverpool Docks. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting In 1905 she assisted her father in establishing the School of Social Science at the University of Liverpool, where she lectured in public administration. The University of Liverpool is a University in the city of Liverpool, England. Her connection with the University is still recognised by the Eleanor Rathbone building, lecture theatre and Chair of Sociology.
Rathbone was elected as an independent member of Liverpool City Council in 1909 for the seat of Granby Ward, a position she maintained until 1934. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The same year she published her first book How the Casual Labourer Lives. She also wrote a series of articles to a suffragist magazine The Common Cause. In 1913 she founded the Liverpool Women Citizen's Association to promote women's involvement in political affairs. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common At the outbreak of the World War I, Rathbone organized the Town Hall Soldiers' and Sailors' Families Organization to support wives and dependents of soldiers. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Rathbone formed the "1918" Club in Liverpool (still meeting at the Adelphi Hotel) reputedly the oldest women's forum still meeting.
From 1918 onwards, Rathbone was arguing for a system of family allowances paid directly to mothers. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Child benefit (or family allowance children's allowance is a Social security payment disbursed to the parents or guardians of Children Child benefit is means-tested She also opposed violent repression of rebellion in Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world She was instrumental in negotiating the terms of women's inclusion in the 1918 Representation of the People Act. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1919, when Millicent Fawcett retired, Rathbone took over the presidency of the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship (the renamed NUWSS), and as such was responsible for the creation of PSS (Liverpool Personal Service Society). Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Dame Millicent Fawcett GBE LLD ( June 11, 1847 &ndash August 5, 1929) was an English Suffragist Liverpool Personal Service Society Incorporated, (PSS was established on 1 January 1919, yet still remains an "innovative empowering charity… with the ethos She became the first chair of PSS. She also campaigned or women's rights in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country In 1924 in the Disinherited Family, she argued that economic dependence of women was based on the practice of supporting variably-sized families with wages that were paid to men, regardless of whether the men had families or not. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Later she exposed insurance regulations that reduced married women's access to unemployment benefits and health insurance. Insurance, in Law and Economics, is a form of Risk management primarily used to hedge against the Risk of a contingent loss Unemployment benefits are payments made by Governments to unemployed people The term health insurance is generally used to describe a form of Insurance that pays for medical expenses
In 1929 Rathbone entered parliament as an independent MP for the Combined English Universities. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Combined English Universities was a University constituency represented in the United Kingdom Parliament (from 1918 until 1950) One of her first speeches was about clitoridectomy in Kenya. Female genital cutting (FGC also known as female genital mutilation (FGM female circumcision or female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C refers to The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south During the Depression, she campaigned for cheap milk and better benefits for the children of the unemployed. In 1931 she helped to organize the defeat of a proposal to abolish the university seats in the parliament and won re-election in 1935. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Rathbone realized the nature of Nazi Germany and in the 1930s joined the British Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi Council to support human rights. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. In 1936 she began to warn about a Nazi threat to Czechoslovakia. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. She became an outspoken critic of appeasement in Parliament. She denounced British complacency in Hitler's remilitarization of the Rhineland, the Italian conquest of Abyssinia and about the Spanish Civil War. The Remilitarization of the Rhineland by the German Army took place on 7 March 1936 when German forces entered the Rhineland. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Once she tried to hire a ship to run the blockade of Spain and remove Republicans at risk from reprisals. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Her determination was such that junior ministers and civil servants of the Foreign Office would reputedly duck behind pillars when they saw her coming. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, commonly called the Foreign Office or the FCO, is the British government department responsible for promoting She supported the points of Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee but earned the enmity of Neville Chamberlain. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Clement Richard Attlee 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC ( 3 January 1883 &ndash 8 October 1967 Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 &ndash 9 November 1940 was a British Conservative Politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
On September 30, 1938, Rathbone denounced the just-publicized Munich Accords. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. She pressured the parliament to aid the Czechs and grant entry for dissident Germans, Austrians and Jews. A dissident, broadly defined is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine policy or institution In 1939 she set up a Parliamentary Committee for Refugees to take up individual cases from Spain, Czechoslovakia and Germany. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During World War II she regularly chastised Osbert Peake, undersecretary at the Home Office, and in 1942 pressured the government to publicize the evidence of Holocaust. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Osbert Peake 1st Viscount Ingleby PC ( 30 December 1897 &ndash 11 October 1966) was a British Conservative Party Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as
In 1945, the year before her death, she saw the Family Allowances Act pass into law. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Family Allowances Act 1945 (8 & 9 Geo VI c 41 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom.
Family
Her nephew John Rankin Rathbone was the Conservative MP for Bodmin from 1935 until his death in the Battle of Britain, 1940, when his wife Beatrice succeeded him as MP. John Rankin Rathbone ( 5 February 1910 &ndash 10 December 1940) was a British Conservative Party politician The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Bodmin was the name of a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall from 1295 until 1983 Beatrice Frederika Wright, née Clough, later Rathbone ( 17 June 1910 &ndash 17 Mar 2003) was an American -born Her great-nephew Tim Rathbone was Conservative MP for Lewes from 1974 to 1997. John Rankin Rathbone ( 17 March 1933 &ndash 12 July 2002) commonly known as Tim Rathbone, was the Conservative Member Lewes is a Constituency located in East Sussex and centred on the town of Lewes.
Books
- Susan Pedersen - Eleanor Rathbone and the Politics of Conscience (2004)
- Ray Strachey - Our freedom and its results, (1936), chapter by E. Susan Pedersen is a historian currently working at Columbia University. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rathbone
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography article by Susan Pedersen, ‘Rathbone, Eleanor Florence (1872–1946)’, online edn, May 2006 [1] accessed 1 March 2007. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885
See also
External links
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Sir Alfred Hopkinson Sir Martin Conway |
Member of Parliament for Combined English Universities 2-seat constituency (with Sir Martin Conway to 1931 Sir Reginald Henry Craddock 1931–1937 Thomas Edmund Harvey 1937–1945 Kenneth Martin Lindsay 1945—) 1929–1946 |
Succeeded by Henry Strauss and Kenneth Martin Lindsay |
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