| Elbasan | |
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  Elbasan
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | Albania |
| County | Elbasan County |
| District | Elbasan District |
| Founded | 15. The Elbasan castle is a 15-th century fortress located in the city of Elbasan, Albania. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Albania is divided into twelve counties ( Albanian: qarku, sing The County of Elbasan (Qarku i Elbasanit is one of the 12 counties of Albania. ||-||} Albania is divided into 36 districts, or rrethe. Districts are grouped into counties or prefectures of which there are 12 The District of Elbasan (Rrethi i Elbasanit is one of the thirty-six Districts of Albania. century |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | Qazim Sejdini SP[1] |
| Area | |
| - Total | 1,290 km² (498. The Socialist Party of Albania ( Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë) a social democratic Political party in Albania, is currently Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 150 m (492 ft) |
| Population (2003) | |
| - Total | 100,000 |
| Time zone | Central European Time (UTC+1) |
Elbasan (Albanian: Elbasan or Elbasani) is a city in central Albania. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. It is located on the Shkumbin River in the District of Elbasan and the County of Elbasan, at . The Shkumbin ( Albanian indefinite form the definite form is Shkumbini, occasionally spelled Skumbi in English is a River in central Albania The District of Elbasan (Rrethi i Elbasanit is one of the thirty-six Districts of Albania. The County of Elbasan (Qarku i Elbasanit is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It is one of the largest cities in Albania, with a population of around 100,000 (2003 estimate) and an area of 1,290 km². Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Elbasan was - until the beginning of the Second World War - one of the most pleasant and unspoilt Ottoman cities in Albania, with a mixture of eastern and medieval buildings, narrow cobbled streets and a large bazaar where Turkish could still be heard. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish There was a clearly defined Christian settlement within the castle walls, a Vlach district on the outskirts of the city and several fine mosques and Islamic buildings. Vlachs is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe At the time the population was about 15,000 people.
The distinguished English journalist J. D. Bourchier, then the Balkan correspondent of The Times, records that on a visit in 1911 he saw :
"The population celebrating Bairam in central space : wonderful primitive merry-go round with gypsy minstrels (flute and drum), pushed round by the men with poles; also a cartwheel poised on a tree top; pekhilvans(clowns) wrestling, mostly refugees from Dibra, thus gaining a precarious livelihood. "
Contents |
History
Elbasan came into prominence in the Roman period, when it was known as Masio Scampa. The word 'Scampa' means rocks or peaks in the ancient Illyrian language. The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans in former times by groups identified as The Romans built a substantial fortress here, about 300 squared meters, protected by towers. In the third and fourth centuries, it became known as Hiskampis. It had developed as an important trade and transport centre near the junction of two branches of the Via Egnatia coming from Apollonia and Dyrrachium. The Via Egnatia ( Greek:) was a road constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century BC.
Ptolemy wrote that it was the town of the Eordaei tribe, who later migrated to Macedonia. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca Eordea is also a spider genus ( Linyphiidae) History In archaic Greek Eordea comes from the Pelasgian word Eorda It took part in the spread of Christianity along the Via, and had a bishop, cathedral and basilicas as early as the fifth century. But as a town in a wide river valley, it was vulnerable to barbarian attacks once the legions were withdrawn, and despite the efforts of the Emperor Justinian to improve the fortications, Hiskampis was destroyed by the Bulgars and Ostrogoths during the Slav invasions of the Balkans. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus ( Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός; known in English as Justinian I or The Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) were a seminomadic people probably of Turkic descent originally from Central Asia, The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late Although some semblance of urban and military life must have continued for a time, as it is mentioned in the work of Procopius of Cæsarea in the sixth century, it was totally destroyed by the Bulgars in intermittent attacks over the next 200 years. Procopius of Caesarea ( Προκόπιος ο Καισαρεύς, c
The site seems to have been abandoned until the Ottoman invaders built a military camp there, followed by urban reconstruction under Sultan Mehmet II in 1467. Mehmet constructed a massive four-sided castle with a deep moat and three gates. He named it Ilibasan, meaning 'strong place' in Turkish. It became a centre of Ottoman urban civilisation over the next 400 years. By the end of the 17th century it had 2,000 inhabitants. The fortress was dismantled by Reshit Pasha in 1832. In 1864, Elbasan became a sandjak of Manastır vilayet. Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants sinjaq sanjaq) are the most common English transcriptions of the Turkish word sancak Bitola (Битола; known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia.
In 1909, after the Young Turks revolution in Istanbul, an Albanian National Congress was held in Elbasan to study educational and cultural questions. The Young Turks ( Turkish: Jön Türkler (plural from French: Jeunes Turcs) were a coalition of various groups favoring reforming the Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Elbasan had the first teachers' training college in Albania. The delegates, all from central and southern Albania, endorsed the decision of the Congress of Monastir (modern Bitola, Republic of Macedonia) to use the Latin alphabet rather than the Arabic script in written Albanian. Bitola (Битола; known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The Republic of Macedonia (Република
The Muslim majority opposed the installation of Prince William of Weid in 1914. Elbasan was occupied successively by Serbs, Bulgarians, Austrians and Italians between 1915 and 1918. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Bulgarians (българи balgari) are a South Slavic people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Industrial development began in the Zogist period when tobacco and alcoholic drinks' factories were established.
The city was also noted for its good public buildings, advanced educational provisions, public gardens and timber-built shops. There was much wartime damage, which was followed by an intensive programme of industrial development in the Communist period that boosted the city to around 75,000 inhabitants. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The culmination of this process was the construction of the huge 'Steel of the Party' metallurgical complex outside the city, in the valley of the Shkumbini, built with Chinese assistance in 1960s and 1970s. Metallurgy is a domain of Materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their It was called "The Second National Liberation of Albanian" by Enver Hoxha, with its chimneys, the tallest in the Balkans, always belching smoke and emitting a stream of dangerous pollutants - which soon meant that much of the hitherto prosperous agricultural area in the river valley was useless for all crops. (ɛnˈvɛɾ ˈhɔdʒa 16 October 1908 11 April 1985 was the leader of the People's Republic of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985 as the
Culture and religion
Elbasan has been occupied by several different groups, including the Serbs, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Austrians and Italians. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people The Bulgarians (българи balgari) are a South Slavic people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language Austrians (Österreicher are a nation and an ethnic group originating from the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states ( March of Austria, The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Elbasan remained a center of Islam in Albania even after the Ottoman occupation. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish After the 1908 Congress of Manastir (in modern Bitola, Republic of Macedonia) decided to use the Latin alphabet for the written Albanian language, Muslim clerics influenced by the Young Turks held various demonstrations in favor of the Arabic script in Elbasan. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Bitola (Битола; known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The Republic of Macedonia (Република Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Young Turks ( Turkish: Jön Türkler (plural from French: Jeunes Turcs) were a coalition of various groups favoring reforming the The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. The Muslim majority also opposed the installation of Prince William of Wied in 1914. Prince William of Wied Prince of Albania (Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich ( 26 March 1876 &ndash 18 April 1945) reigned briefly as sovereign Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
In the middle of the City there is an Orthodox Church, and about 7 km away from Elbasan there is an old monastery and orthodox church where notably Saint Jovan Vladimir from the early 11th century is buried there. Jovan Vladimir ( Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Владимир in English texts often John Vladimir, (died May 22, 1016 in Prespa
Economy
Industrial development began during the Zog regime with the production of tobacco and alcoholic beverages, and culminated during the communist regime. Zog I Skanderbeg III of the Albanians ref> (born Ahmet Zogolli, later changed to Ahmet Zogu) (October 8 1895 &ndash April 9 1961 was King Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The city gained prominence after the Chinese built a steel mill in 1974. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. There were also other industries operating in the city during the communist regime, and as a result the city now suffers from pollution. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in
References
See also
External links
- Municipality of Elbasan (official website, in Albanian)
- Photos
- ALBoZONE: Cities of Albania
- Elbasan script
- Elbasan web
- Elbasan's football team