El Al Israel Airlines
IATA LY	ICAO ELY	Callsign ELAL
Founded		1948
Hubs		Ben Gurion International Airport
Frequent flyer program		Matmid
Member lounge		King David Lounge
Subsidiaries		Sun D'Or[1]
Fleet size		34 (+10 orders)
Destinations		45 (+6 cargo)
Company slogan		"הכי בבית בעולם" Literally: "The most at home in the world" Translated: "Home away from home"
Headquarters		Lod, Israel
Key people		Israel "Izzy" Borovich (Chairman) Haim Romano (CEO)
Website: http://www.elal.com/

El Al (Hebrew: אל על‎, skyward) (TASE: ELAL) is Israel's largest airline and flag carrier. This is a list of Airline codes. The table lists the IATA airline designators the ICAO airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator This is a list of Airline codes. The table lists the IATA airline designators the ICAO airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator This is a list of Airline codes. The table lists the IATA airline designators the ICAO airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator An airline hub is an Airport that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destination Ben Gurion International Airport (נמל התעופה בן גוריון Namal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gūryōn,, also referred to by its Hebrew acronym Natbag (נתב"ג A frequent flyer program (FFP is a Loyalty program offered by many Airlines. An airport lounge is a Lounge owned by a particular Airline (or jointly operated in the case of an alliance) A subsidiary, in business matters is an entity that is controlled by a bigger and more powerful entity Sun d'Or International Airlines Limited סאן דור is an Israeli Charter airline with its hub at Tel Aviv 's Ben Gurion International Airport Lod (לוֹד اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd; Greco-Latin Lydda) is a mixed Arab - Jewish city about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Tase redirects here It can also mean "to use a Taser on someone" For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. An airline provides air transport services for Passengers or Freight, generally with a recognized operating certificate or license A flag carrier refers to a Transportation company such as an Airline or Shipping company that is locally registered in a given Country ^[2][3] It operates regular international passenger and cargo flights between its hub at Ben Gurion International Airport and destinations in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America, as well as domestic connections to Eilat. An airline hub is an Airport that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destination Ben Gurion International Airport (נמל התעופה בן גוריון Namal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gūryōn,, also referred to by its Hebrew acronym Natbag (נתב"ג Eilat (Hebrew אילת should not be confused with the nearby kibbutz of Eilot (Hebrew אילות ^[4]

Since its inaugural flight from Geneva to Tel Aviv in September 1948 the airline has steadily grown to the point where it now serves 48 destinations on four continents. ^[5] As the former national carrier of Israel, El Al has played an important role in Israel's humanitarian rescue efforts, airlifting Jews from Ethiopia, Yemen, and other countries where their lives were at risk. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya The airline holds the world record for the most passengers on a commercial aircraft, a record set by Operation Solomon when Jewish refugees were transported from Ethiopia. Operation Solomon was a 1991 covert Israeli military operation to take Ethiopian Jews to Israel El Al is widely acknowledged as the world's most secure airline, after foiling many attempted hijackings and terror attacks through its vigilant security protocols. ^[6][7]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early years 1.2 Expansion in the 1960s 1.3 Hijacking 1.4 1970s and 1980s 1.5 1990s and early 2000s 1.6 El Al today 2 Halacha issues 3 El Al security 3.1 Airport security measures 3.2 Flight security measures 3.3 Security controversy and passenger profiling 4 Destinations 5 Fleet 5.1 Fleet expansion 6 Matmid 6.1 Partnerships 7 King David Lounge 8 Codeshare agreements 9 Cargo 9.1 Cargo Fleet 10 Livery 11 Incidents and accidents 12 References 13 See also 14 External links

History

Early years

In September 1948 Israel's first president, Chaim Weizmann, attended a conference in Geneva, Switzerland. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The President of the State of Israel (נשיא המדינה Nesi HaMedina, lit Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן – November 27, 1874 &ndash November 9, 1952) was a Zionist Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Weizmann was scheduled to fly back to Israel in a government aircraft, but due to an embargo imposed on Israel at the time, this was not possible. A C-54 military transport aircraft was instead converted into a civilian plane to transport Weizmann home. The aircraft was painted with the El Al/Israel National Aviation Company logo and fitted with extra fuel tanks to enable a non-stop flight from Geneva to Israel. It departed from Ekron Air Base on September 28, and returned to Israel on September 30. Tel Nof Israeli Air Force Base, also known as Air Force Base 8 is one of three principal airbases of the Israeli Air Force and is located near Rehovot Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the After the flight, the aircraft was repainted and returned to military use. ^[8]

The airline was incorporated and became Israel's official carrier on 15 November 1948, although it used borrowed aircraft until February 1949, when two unpressurised DC-4s were purchased from American Airlines. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size The acquisition was funded by the Israeli government, the Jewish Agency, and other Jewish organizations. Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is The Jewish Agency for Israel (Hebrew הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל HaSochnut HaYehudit L'Eretz Yisra'el) also known as the Sochnut or JAFI The first plane arrived at Lod Airport on April 3, 1949. Ben Gurion International Airport (נמל התעופה בן גוריון Namal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gūryōn,, also referred to by its Hebrew acronym Natbag (נתב"ג Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Aryeh Pincus, a lawyer from South Africa, was elected head of the company. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The first international flight, from Tel Aviv to Paris (refueling in Rome), took place on July 31, 1949. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[9][8] By the end of 1949, the airline had flown passengers to London and Johannesburg. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa. A regular service to London was inaugurated in the middle of 1950. Later that year, El Al acquired Universal Airways, which was owned by South African Zionists. A state-run domestic airline, Israel Inland Airlines, was founded in which El Al had a 50% stake. Arkia Israeli Airlines (ארקיע I will soar) usually referred to as Arkia is an Airline based in Tel Aviv, Israel. ^[8]

El Al's cargo service was inaugurated in 1950 and initially relied on military surplus C-46 aircraft. The same year the airline initiated charter services to the USA, followed by scheduled flights soon afterwards. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[8] From its earliest days the operation of the airline in keeping with Jewish tradition has been a source of friction; when the Israeli prime minister David Ben Gurion was forming his first coalition, the religious parties would not join unless Ben Gurion promised that El Al would serve only kosher food on its flights and would not fly on the Jewish Sabbath. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath ^[10]

As the national carrier, the airline was involved in several covert operations. In the early 1950s, El Al airlifted over 160,000 immigrants to Israel from India, Iran, Iraq and Yemen as part of Operation Magic Carpet and Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. Indian Jews are a religious minority of India. Judaism was one of the first non- Dharmic religions to arrive in India in recorded history The beginnings of Jewish history in Iran date back to late biblical times Iraqi Jews are Jews born in Iraq or of Iraqi heritage The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c Yemenite Jews ( Hebrew: תֵּימָנִים, Standard   Temanim Tiberian   Têmānîm Operation Magic Carpet is a widely-known nickname for Operation On Wings of Eagles, an operation between June 1949 and September 1950 that brought From 1950 to 1952, Operation Ezra and Nehemiah airlifted 120-130000 Iraqi Jews to Israel via Iran and Cyprus. ^[5] In 1960, Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann was captured and flown from Argentina to Israel on an El Al aircraft. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German ^[11]

In 1955, after using Lockheed Constellations for several years, the airline purchased two Bristol Britannia aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Bristol Britannia was also a Car produced by Bristol Cars from 1982 to 1993 El Al was the second airline in the world to fly this plane, after the British Overseas Airways Corporation. The British Overseas Airways Corporation ( BOAC) was the British state airline from 1939 until 1946 and the long-haul British state airline from 1946 In 1958, El Al ran a newspaper advertisement in the US featuring a picture of a "shrunken" Atlantic Ocean ("Starting Dec. 23, the Atlantic Ocean will be 20% smaller") to promote its non-stop transatlantic flights. The term transatlantic refers to something occurring all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. ^[12] This was a bold step: the airline industry had never used images of the ocean in its advertising because of the widespread public fear of airline crashes. The advertisement, which ran only once, proved effective. Within a year, El Al's sales tripled. ^[13]

Expansion in the 1960s

Despite the purchase of its Britannias and inauguration of non-stop transatlantic flights the airline remained unprofitable. ^[8] When Efraim Ben-Arzi took over the company in the late 1950s, the Britannias were replaced by de Havilland Comet 4, Boeing 707, and Douglas DC-8 jets. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The first year that El Al turned a profit was 1960. That year, more than 50 percent of the passengers flying into Israel arrived on El Al flights. ^[8] On 15 June 1961, the airline set a world record for the longest non-stop commercial flight: an El Al Boeing 707 flew from Tel Aviv to New York, covering 5,760 nautical miles (10,668 km) in 9 hours and 33 minutes. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous ^[5] By this time El Al was carrying 56,000 passengers a year - on a par with Qantas and ahead of established airlines like Loftleidir. Qantas Airways Limited (ˈkwɔntəs ( is the National airline of Australia. Loftleiðir was a private Icelandic airline that operated from 1944 to 1973 when it merged with Flugfélag Íslands to form Icelandair. In 1961, El Al ranked 35th in the world in the number of accumulated passenger miles. ^[14] El Al's success continued into the late 1960s. In 1968, regular flights to Bucharest were inaugurated, and cargo flights began to Europe and the USA. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. The airline also established a catering subsidiary, Teshet Tourism and Aviation Services Ltd. All these ventures brought in a profit of $2 million that year. ^[8]

Hijacking

In 1968, El Al experienced the first of many acts against the airline. On July 23, the first and only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft took place, when a 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers was taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr The aircraft was en route from Rome to Lod. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Lod (לוֹד اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd; Greco-Latin Lydda) is a mixed Arab - Jewish city about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in The hijackers diverted it to Algiers. Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest Bargaining with the hijackers went on for 40 days. Both the hijackers and the passengers, including 21 Israeli hostages, were eventually freed. ^[15] On December 26 of the same year, two PFLP members attacked an El Al aircraft at Athens Airport, killing an Israeli mechanic. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Athens Airport may refer to Athens International Airport in Athens Greece (IATA ATH ICAO LGAV ^[16] The Israeli Defense Forces responded on December 29 with a night-time raid on Lebanon's Beirut Airport, destroying 14 planes on the ground belonging to Middle East Airlines, Trans Mediterranean Airways and Lebanese International Airways. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport (formerly Beirut International Airport or Khaldé International Airport) ( مطار رفيق الحريري الدولي Middle East Airlines Air Liban SAL (طيران الشرق الأوسط الخطوط الجوية اللبنانية operating as Middle East Airlines (MEA (طيران Trans Mediterranean Airways SAL more commonly known as TMA or TMA Cargo is a cargo Airline based in Beirut, Lebanon. ^[17] On 18 February 1969, Palestinians attacked an El Al plane at Zurich Airport killing the copilot and injuring the pilot. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Zürich Airport also called Kloten Airport, is located in Kloten, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland and managed by Unique Airport One Palestinian attacker was killed and others were convicted but later released. ^[18] Between September and December 1969, bomb and grenade attacks occurred at El Al offices in Athens, West Berlin, and Brussels. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is ^[18] This wave of violence culminated in the failed hijacking of an El Al 707 by Patrick Arguello and Leila Khaled on September 6, 1970, as part of the Dawson's Field hijackings. Patrick Argüello (1943 - 1970 was a Nicaraguan American. He was shot and killed while attempting to hijack El Al Flight 219 in September 1970 as part Leila Khaled (ليلى خالد laylà ẖālid; born April 9, 1944) is a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the Dawson's Field hijackings (September 6 1970 four Jet aircraft bound for New York City were hijacked by members of the Popular Front for the Liberation ^[19]

1970s and 1980s

El Al acquired its first Boeing 747 in 1971. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Zürich Airport also called Kloten Airport, is located in Kloten, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland and managed by Unique Airport WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Many felt it was a risky purchase, given the high cost of the plane and fear of attacks, but El Al operations flourished after the purchase. Another 747 was delivered in 1973 and was used to inaugurate non-stop service from Tel Aviv to New York. In the air for 13 hours, and flying against prevailing winds, it was recorded as the longest commercial flight in the world. ^[8]

In the mid-1970s, El Al began to schedule flights from airports outside of Israel that departed on the Jewish sabbath and landed in Israel after it had finished. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath The religious parties in the government claimed that this was a violation of Jewish law and contrary to the agreement signed in the early days of the state, in which El Al promised to refrain from flying on the sabbath. In 1981, the newly re-elected prime minister Menachem Begin, promised to abide by the agreement. (מְנַחֵם בְּגִין Mieczysław Biegun Менахем Вольфович Бегин 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992 was the sixth prime minister of the State of Israel Outraged, the secular community threatened to boycott the airline. In August 1982, El Al workers blocked Orthodox and Hassidic Jews from entering the airport. ^[10]

In 1977, El Al established a charter subsidiary then known as El Al Charter Services Ltd. , but later renamed Sun D'Or International Airlines Ltd. Sun d'Or International Airlines Limited סאן דור is an Israeli Charter airline with its hub at Tel Aviv 's Ben Gurion International Airport Two years earlier, the airline had suffered its first losses since the late 1950s, largely a product of the global recession. The management changed three times towards the end of the 1970s, until Itzhak Shander was named president. As the political situation in Iran deteriorated, El Al began to airlift Jews to Israel. All the airline's infrastructure in Iran was eventually destroyed. ^[8] El Al flights to Cairo were inaugurated in April 1980, following the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. ^[5] In late 1982, after a long period of labor disputes and strikes, El Al operations were suspended. The government appointed Amram Blum to run the company, which lost $123. 3 million in the fiscal year ending April 1983. ^[8] The airline also sold its stake in Arkia at this time. Arkia Israeli Airlines (ארקיע I will soar) usually referred to as Arkia is an Airline based in Tel Aviv, Israel. ^[20]

Operations resumed in January 1983 under receivership. Administrative receivership is a procedure in the United Kingdom whereby a creditor can enforce security against a company's assets in an effort to obtain The government purchased two new Boeing 737 aircraft and announced plans to acquire four Boeing 767 jets at the cost of $200 million. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Within four years, El Al was profitable again. ^[8] It broke another record, since then surpassed, in May 1988 with a non-stop flight from Los Angeles to Tel Aviv, a journey of 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) in 13 hours and 41 minutes. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West ^[5] Flights to Poland and Yugoslavia were inaugurated in 1989. ^[8]

1990s and early 2000s

In January 1990, North American Airlines began providing feeder services in the US to El Al gateways. North American Airlines Inc is an American Airline based in New York City, USA. El Al held a 24. 9 percent stake in the airline until selling it back to Dan McKinnon in July 2003. By this time, El Al was operating a fleet of 20 aircraft, including nine Boeing 747s, and had begun replacing its aging Boeing 707s with the Boeing 757. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Early that year, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, El Al inaugurated regular flights to Moscow. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of No airlifts from the former Soviet Union were possible at the time but permission was granted in 1991. Charter flights commenced in August 1991, with immigrants also occupying all available seats on El Al's scheduled routes. In cooperation with Aeroflot, El Al flew more than 400,000 Jewish immigrants to Israel within a three year period. OJSC "AeroflotRussian Airlines" (ОАО «АэрофлотРоссийские авиалинии» () or Aeroflot (Аэрофлот as the airline is commonly ^[8][21]

On 24 May 1991, an El Al Boeing 747 cargo plane airlifted a record-breaking 1,087 Ethiopian Jews from Addis Ababa to Israel in the framework of Operation Solomon. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Beta Israel (ביתא ישראל Beta Israel, "House of Israel" Ge'ez: ቤተ እስራኤል Bēta 'Isrā'ēl, modern Bēte 'Isrā'ēl Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority Amharic Operation Solomon was a 1991 covert Israeli military operation to take Ethiopian Jews to Israel Two babies were born during the flight. The plane carried twice as many passengers as it was designed for. ^[22] In less than 36 hours, a total of 14,500 Ethiopian Jews were flown to Israel. ^[23]

El Al flights were inaugurated to the Far East and, in 1995, El Al signed its first codesharing agreement with American Airlines. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. Code sharing is a business term which was first originated in the airline industry in 1990 when the Australian airline Qantas Airways and the U American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size ^[8] In February 1995, the receivership under which the airline had technically been operating since 1982 came to an end. ^[24] In June 1996, El Al recorded another milestone: its first flight from Israel to Amman, Jordan. Amman (ɑˈmɑːn sometimes spelled Ammann ( Arabic عمان ʿAmmān) is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern ^[5]

In 1996, El Al recorded $83. 1 million in losses, due to the resumption of terrorist activities and the government's open-skies policy. ^[8] To keep its planes flying during this period, El Al introduced flights "to nowhere": passengers were offered various kinds of in-flight entertainment as the plane circled the Mediterranean. One-day shopping trips to London and visits to religious sites in eastern Europe were also promoted. ^[8]

In 1997, El Al opened a separate cargo division. ^[25] El Al's first Boeing 777 embarked on its maiden flight in March 2000. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Later that year the controversy over flights on Shabbat erupted again, when the airline announced that it was losing $55 million a year by grounding its planes on Saturdays. After the first phase of the long-delayed privatization of the company commenced in June 2003 and 15 percent of El Al's shares were listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange the policy regarding sabbath flights was expected to change. Tase redirects here It can also mean "to use a Taser on someone" ^[5][10]

In 2004 Knafaim-Arkia Holdings, the parent company of Arkia Israel Airlines, acquired a large stake in Arkia and intended to seek full ownership. Arkia Israeli Airlines (ארקיע I will soar) usually referred to as Arkia is an Airline based in Tel Aviv, Israel. ^[5][10] However, due to Israeli anti-trust laws, Knafaim-Arkia was forced to sell its shares. ^[26]

El Al today

As of 2007, the company employs 5,417 staff globally and has a fleet of over 30 aircraft. ^[27] During 2005 the airline transported 3. 5 million passengers, a rise from 3. 2 million in 2004 and 2. 8 million in 2003. ^[28] 60% of the airline's passengers are Israeli. ^[29] In 2006, El Al posted a $44. 6 million dollar loss on revenues of $1. 665 billion. ^[30] The company is facing four lawsuits, two of which have been approved as class actions, that could potentially cost the company a total of $176. In Law, a class action or a representative action is a form of Lawsuit where a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court 2 million. ^[31] El Al spends $100 million a year to conform with the airline security measures required by Israel's Shin Bet security service. The (שב"כ an acronym for Sherut Bitahon Klali (שירות ביטחון כללי lit ^[32] In early 2007, El Al opened a new King David Lounge at Charles de Gaulle Airport. El Al (אל על skyward) ( TASE: ELAL is the National airline of Israel. Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French in the Paris area is New lounges at Heathrow Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport are expected to open in late 2007. John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 ^[33]

In 2007, El Al invested NIS 1 billion in the purchase of two new Boeing 777-200s that included an updated El Al decal. The aircraft are fitted with upgraded seats and touch-screen entertainment systems. The first aircraft, named "Sderot", completed its maiden voyage from New York to Tel Aviv on 26 July 2007. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The second, "Kiryat Shmona", was delivered at the end of August 2007. ^[34][35] As of March 2007, El Al's major shareholders are Knafaim Holdings (42%), the State of Israel (13%), and the Employee Union (8%). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. ^[36]

Halacha issues

El Al caters to the needs of religious Jewish passengers flying to and from Israel by serving only kosher food (under rabbinical supervision; glatt kosher food is also available on request). See also Kashrut Kosher foods are those that conform to the regulations of Jewish religion On long-haul flights, passenger-led Jewish prayer services are held at the back of the plane. Jewish services ( Hebrew: תפלה, tefillah; plural תפלות, tefillos or tefillot; Yinglish: davening El Al does not initiate flights on Shabbat and schedules are arranged so that flights arrive before the sundown on the eve of Shabbat, though it is not uncommon for airplanes whose departure might have been delayed to arrive during Shabbat. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath Passengers not wanting to be on these flights are usually offered a hotel room to wait for the next flight. ^[37] An estimated 20 to 30 percent of the passengers are Haredi, with a further 30 percent Modern Orthodox. Haredi or Chareidi Judaism is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance This sector tends to fly during specific seasons of the year (before and after Jewish holidays), and has certain preferred destinations, such as New York and Toronto. For the Gregorian dates of Jewish Holidays see Jewish holidays 2000-2050. The City of New York Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Operating on Shabbat could result in a Haredi boycott that would pose a major financial blow. ^[38] After an airport strike in November 2006, El Al allowed some planes to take off on Shabbat to reduce the backlog. The Haredi community responded with an immediate boycott. ^[39] On 5 January 2007, El Al signed an agreement with the Haredi community that it would not fly on Shabbat. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[40]

As of March 2008, the airline is keeping to the agreement set by Vaadas HaRabbonim Lemaan Kedushas HaShabbos. [1]

El Al security

As a target for many decades, El Al employs stringent security procedures, both on the ground and on board its aircraft. These effective, though sometimes controversial, procedures have won El Al a reputation for security. ^[41] In 2008, the airline was named by Global Traveler Magazine as the world's most secure airline. ^[42]

Airport security measures

Passengers are asked to report three hours before departure. All El Al terminals around the world are closely monitored for security. There are plain-clothes agents and fully armed police or military personnel who patrol the premises for explosives, suspicious behavior, and other threats. Inside the terminal, passengers and their baggage are checked by a trained team. El Al security procedures require that all passengers be interviewed individually prior to boarding, allowing El Al staff to identify possible security threats. Passengers will be asked questions about where they are coming from, the reason for their trip, their job or occupation, and whether they have packed their bags themselves. The likelihood of potential terrorists remaining calm under such questioning is believed to be low (see also Microexpression). The term microexpression denotes a brief Facial expression that lasts less than a quarter of a second ^[43] At the check-in counter the passengers' passports and tickets are closely examined. Check-in is the process of announcing your arrival at a Hotel, Airport or Sea port. A passport is a document issued by a national government which certifies for the purpose of international travel the identity and nationality of its holder An airline ticket generally was a document created by an Airline or a Travel agent to confirm that an individual has purchased a seat on an airplane A ticket without a sticker from the security checkers will not be accepted. At passport control passengers' names are checked against information from the FBI, Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), Scotland Yard, Shin Bet, and Interpol databases. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service ( CSIS) (Service canadien du renseignement de sécurité ( SCRS) is the primary Intelligence agency of the New Scotland Yard or Scotland Yard, informally known as The Yard and NSY, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible The (שב"כ an acronym for Sherut Bitahon Klali (שירות ביטחון כללי lit The International Criminal Police Organization, better known by its telegraphic address Interpol is an organization facilitating international police cooperation Luggage is screened and sometimes hand searched. In addition, bags are put through a decompression chamber simulating pressures during flight that could trigger explosives. ^[44] El Al is the only airline in the world that passes all luggage through such a chamber. ^[45] Even at overseas airports, El Al security agents conduct all luggage searches personally, even if they are supervised by government or private security firms. ^[46]

Flight security measures

Undercover agents (sometimes referred to as sky marshals) carrying concealed firearms sit amongst the passengers on every international El Al flight. Being undercover is disguising one's own identity or using an assumed identity for the purposes of gaining the trust of an individual or organization to learn secret information A sky marshal (also known as air marshal or flight marshal) is an undercover law enforcement or security officer on board a commercial Aircraft to ^[47] Most El Al pilots are former Israeli Air Force fighter pilots. The Israeli Air Force ( IAF; Hebrew: זרוע האויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm" commonly known as חיל ^[48]

The cockpits in all El Al aircraft have double doors to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. A code is required to access the doors, and the second door will only be opened after the first has closed and the person has been identified by the Captain or First Officer. In computing a password is a Word or string of characters that is entered often along with a user name, in modern times usually into a computer system The pilot in command (PIC of an Aircraft is the person aboard the aircraft who is ultimately responsible for its operation and safety during flight In Commercial aviation, the first officer is the second pilot (sometimes referred to as the "co-pilot" of an Aircraft. ^[48] Furthermore, there are reinforced steel floors separating the passenger cabin from the baggage hold. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 This article is about passengers in commercial transportation for other uses see Passenger (disambiguation A passenger is a term broadly used An aircraft cabin is the section of an Aircraft in which passengers travel often just called the cabin Luggage is any number of Bags cases and containers which hold a Traveller s articles during transit. ^[49] This is intended to strengthen the plane in case of an explosion.

Following an attempt to shoot down an Israeli airliner in 2002,^[50] all aircraft in the fleet have been equipped with an infrared countermeasures system called 'Flight Guard', developed by Israeli Aerospace Industries to defend them against anti-aircraft missiles. Infrared countermeasures ( IRCM) are devices designed to protect aircraft from Infrared homing ("heat seeking" missiles by confusing the missiles' Infrared Flight Guard is an infrared countermeasure for civilian aircraft designed for protection against Anti-aircraft missiles The system has been installed in aircraft Israel Aerospace Industries ( Hebrew: התעשייה האווירית לישראל ha-ta`aSiyyâh ha-'awîrît lë-yiSrâ'êl) or IAI (תע"א ta`a' A surface to air missile ( SAM) or ground-to-air missile ( GTAM) is a Missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy Aircraft ^{[51][52] [53]} Although comparable systems such as CAMPS are now available for civilian aircraft, there is no information to date about any other airlines deploying such a system. Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System or CAMPS is an infrared countermeasure against Anti-aircraft missiles specifically designed to defend civilian Switzerland and other European countries have expressed concern that flares dropped by the Israeli system could cause fires in the vicinity of an airport. A (decoy flare is an aerial infrared countermeasure to counter an Infrared homing ("heat seeking" Surface-to-air missile (SAM or ^[54] However none of the higher risk countries that the El Al aircraft fly to have raised any concerns.

Security controversy and passenger profiling

Critics of El Al note that its security checks on passengers include racial profiling^[55] and have argued that such profiling is unfair, irrational, and degrading to those subject to such screening. Supporters of El Al argue that there is nothing inherently racist about passenger profiling and that special scrutiny of Muslims may often be necessary for security purposes.

The airline was also criticised by the Hungarian courts for refusing to search luggage with the passenger present, acting against Hungarian domestic laws which stipulate that only authorized officials are able to undertake such searches. ^[55] A civil case was brought to Israel's Supreme Court on March 19, 2008 alleging that El Al's practice of ethnic profiling singles out Arabs for tougher treatment. A supreme court, also called a court of last resort or high court, is in some Jurisdictions the highest judicial body within that jurisdiction's Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[56]

Despite these criticisms, it has been as a result of these stringent security measures that no El Al aircraft has been successfully hijacked since 1968. El Al's security protocol has proven highly effective and is now a model for airlines around the world. ^[57]

Destinations

Further information: El Al destinations

El Al serves destinations on four continents with a particularly developed network to Europe. This is a list of airports which El Al fly toAs of May 2008 El Al flies scheduled passenger flights to the following destinations Cargo only destinations are served by El Al The airline serves a number of gateway North American cities and has recently extended its service to include non-stop service to Los Angeles and Miami. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Over the past few years El Al has expanded its service to cover the Far East while retaining its limited coverage of Africa. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. ^[58][59] El Al's service to several of its destinations is complicated by a special disadvantage. A number of the nearby countries, most importantly Saudi Arabia, refuse to allow El Al airplanes to fly over their territory. The necessary re-routing of the flight paths can add as much as ninety minutes to flying time. In recent years this situation has been somewhat improved by aviation agreements with Cyprus, Egypt, and Jordan. In late 2007, the airline announced that it wishes to begin flights to Tokyo, Shanghai, or South America during 2008. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a ^[60][61] As of April 2008 El Al's network reaches 31 European airports, 7 Asian airports, 5 North American airports and 2 African airports, a total of 45 destinations.

Fleet

El Al has an all-Boeing fleet which consists of the following aircraft:^[62]

El Al Fleet

Aircraft	Total	Passengers (First*/Business/Economy)	Routes	Notes
Boeing 737-700	2	104 (16/88)	Domestic, Europe
Boeing 737-800	6 (5 orders)	142 (16/126)	Domestic, Egypt, Europe	Delivery: Summer 2008 to early 2009
Boeing 747-400	4 (1 order)	408 (8/52/348)	Far East, London, New York City, North America, Paris	1 bought from Singapore Airlines Delivery: November 2008
Boeing 757-200	4	178 (16/162)	Domestic, Egypt, Europe	Replacement aircraft: Boeing 737-800
Boeing 767-200	2	199 (24/175)	Europe
Boeing 767-200ER	4	189 (22/167) 192 (24/168)	Africa, Europe, Far East, North America
Boeing 767-300ER	2	215 (22/193) 233 (22/211)	Africa, Europe, Far East
Boeing 777-200ER	6 (4 orders)	279 (12/35/232)	Far East, London, Los Angeles, New York City, Paris	Delivery: 2012

^{*First Class offered on aircraft with a three-class seating configuration. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Singapore Airlines Limited ( SIA) ( abbreviated zh 新航 Syarikat Penerbangan Singapura சிங்கப்பூர் ஏர்லைன்ஸ் ( is the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout}

Fleet expansion

El Al currently have the following aircraft on order:

• 5 Boeing 737-800 aircraft to be leased for delivery in summer 2008 to early 2009. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[63]
• 1 Boeing 747-400 aircraft to be purchased from Singapore Airlines for delivery in November 2008. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Singapore Airlines Limited ( SIA) ( abbreviated zh 新航 Syarikat Penerbangan Singapura சிங்கப்பூர் ஏர்லைன்ஸ் ( is the
• 4 Boeing 777-200ER aircraft for delivery in 2012. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[64]

There is speculation over the airline acquiring the following aircraft:

• In May 2007, it was announced that El Al reached an agreement to lease six or seven aircraft from Boeing between 2011 and 2015 after canceling its option to buy eight Boeing 787 aircraft. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It is unclear what model these aircraft will be. ^[65]
• In July 2007, it was announced that the airline had re-entered negotiations to purchase two 787s. ^[66] Boeing is trying to resurrect the 787 deal. ^[67]
• Despite having talks with Airbus over aircraft, El Al stated in early 2008 that it plans to rationalize its long-haul aircraft around the 777 or 787. Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing Having said this, CEO Haim Romano did not rule out the A350, saying that they would consider it if Airbus came up with "the right proposition. "^[29]

Matmid

Matmid is El Al's frequent flyer program. A frequent flyer program (FFP is a Loyalty program offered by many Airlines. It was launched in 2004 following the merger of El Al's previous frequent flyer programs. Matmid has four tiers: Matmid, Matmid Silver, Matmid Gold, and Matmid Platinum. Points accumulated in the program entitle members to bonus tickets, flight upgrades, and discounts on car rentals, hotel stays, and other products and services. Points are also awarded for travel with partner airlines, as well as for nights at partner hotels and for credit card purchases. ^[68]

Partnerships

Matmid points can be collected on most flights operated by:^[69]

• American Airlines and American Eagle
• South African Airways
• Sun D'Or
• Qantas

Some flights operated by the following airlines qualify for points:

• Aeroméxico flights from Madrid, Miami, New York, and Paris, to Mexico City

Points can also be collected on El Al's codeshare flights. American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size South African Airways (SAA is South Africa 's flag carrier and largest domestic and international Airline Company, with hubs in Cape Town Sun d'Or International Airlines Limited סאן דור is an Israeli Charter airline with its hub at Tel Aviv 's Ben Gurion International Airport Qantas Airways Limited (ˈkwɔntəs ( is the National airline of Australia. Aerovías de México SA de CV, operating as AeroMéxico, is an Airline based in Mexico City, Mexico. El Al (אל על skyward) ( TASE: ELAL is the National airline of Israel.

King David Lounge

The King David Lounge is El Al's airport lounge, serving the airline's premium class passengers. David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible An airport lounge is a Lounge owned by a particular Airline (or jointly operated in the case of an alliance) There are a total of five King David Lounges worldwide, located at Ben Gurion International Airport, Charles de Gaulle International Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport, London Heathrow Airport, and Los Angeles International Airport. Ben Gurion International Airport (נמל התעופה בן גוריון Namal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gūryōn,, also referred to by its Hebrew acronym Natbag (נתב"ג Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French in the Paris area is John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 Los Angeles International Airport is the primary Airport serving Los Angeles, California, the second-most populated metropolitan area of ^[70]

All King David Lounges offer drinks, snacks, newspapers and magazines (Israeli and international). Some lounges offer free Wi-Fi internet access. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used The King David Lounge at Terminal 3 of Ben Gurion International Airport has a separate section for first-class passengers, telephones, shower facilities and a spa offering massages. ^[71]

Codeshare agreements

As of February 2008, El Al has the following codeshare partners:^[72]

Aerosvit Airlines American Airlines Austrian Airlines Brussels Airlines Bulgaria Air Cyprus Airways Iberia Airlines

Lot Polish Airlines Qantas South African Airways Swiss International Air Lines Tandem Aero Thai Airways International

It was announced in December 2007, that El Al would start a large code-sharing agreement with American Airlines in early 2008 following the cancellation of codeshare agreements between Delta and El Al as a result of Delta's launch of non-stop service between New York (JFK) and Tel Aviv, competing directly with El Al. Code sharing is a business term which was first originated in the airline industry in 1990 when the Australian airline Qantas Airways and the U CJSC "Aircompany "Aerosvit" (ЗАТ «авіакомпанія «Аеросвіт» which means "sky world" operating as Aerosvit-Ukrainian Airlines American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size Austrian Airlines AG is the flag carrier Airline of Austria, headquartered in Vienna. Brussels Airlines is the largest Belgian airline It operates to over 50 destinations in 20 European countries as well as long-haul flights to East Central and West Africa Bulgaria Air ( Bulgarian name България Ер) is the National airline carrier of Bulgaria, based in the capital Sofia Cyprus Airways Public Ltd (Κυπριακές Αερογραμμές Kipriakes Aerogrammes Turkish Kıbrıs Hava Yolları) is the national Airline Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España SA (Iberia Airlines of Spain ( or Iberia as it is commonly known is the largest Airline of Spain, based Qantas Airways Limited (ˈkwɔntəs ( is the National airline of Australia. South African Airways (SAA is South Africa 's flag carrier and largest domestic and international Airline Company, with hubs in Cape Town Swiss International Air Lines Ltd (short Swiss) is the principal Airline of Switzerland operating scheduled services in Europe and to North America Tandem Aero is an Airline based in Moldova. It operates passenger charters using leased aircraft Thai Airways International Public Company Limited (การบินไทย ( SET: THAI is the national air carrier of Thailand, operating out ^[73]

Cargo

El Al has a cargo branch, El Al Cargo, which became independent in 1997. As the national cargo airline of Israel, it operates to destinations in Asia, Europe and North America. Before 2001, when the Israeli air cargo market opened up to competition, El Al Cargo enjoyed a monopoly. Now its main competition comes from CAL Cargo Air Lines. CAL Cargo Air Lines is a Cargo airline based in Tel Aviv, Israel which operates scheduled cargo flights carrying perishable goods and general cargo ^[8]

Cargo Fleet

El Al Cargo Fleet

Aircraft	Total	Capacity	Routes	Notes
Boeing 747-200F	4	Freighters	Worldwide	4X-AXF, 4X-AXK, 4X-AXL, 4X-AXM

Livery

El Al's historic, now superseded livery featured a turquoise/navy blue stripe down the side of aircraft, and a turquoise tailfin with the Israeli flag at the top. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A livery is a Uniform or other sign worn in a non-military context on a person or object (such as an airplane or Vehicle) to denote a relationship List of flags of Israel The flag of Israel was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment El Al's logo was featured above the front run of windows on each side of the plane in the turquoise/navy scheme. ^[74] The new livery features a blue stripe with a thick silver border on the bottom that sweeps across the side of the aircraft near the wing, disappears over the top of the plane and reappears at the bottom of the tailfin. The El Al logo is part of the design, although it has been changed slightly since then. ^[75]

El Al's superseded livery

El Al's new livery

Incidents and accidents

• On 5 February 1950, one of El Al's DC-4s was damaged when it veered off the runway during takeoff in Tel Aviv. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel There were no casualties. ^[76]

• On 24 November 1951, a DC-4 on a cargo flight from Tel Aviv to Amsterdam crashed on approach to Zürich Airport, killing 6 crew members. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Zürich Airport also called Kloten Airport, is located in Kloten, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland and managed by Unique Airport ^[77]

• On 27 July 1955, El Al Flight 402, a Lockheed Constellation, was shot down over Bulgaria after it strayed into Bulgarian airspace in rough weather. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) El Al Flight 402, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation pressurized four-engine Propliner, registered 4X-AKC was an international passenger flight WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian All 58 passengers and crew were killed. ^[78][79][80]

• On 23 July 1968, El Al Flight 426, a Boeing 707 flying from London to Rome and then to Tel Aviv was hijacked shortly after takeoff from Rome and diverted to Algiers. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The hijacking ended after 40 days and is considered to be the only successful hijacking of an El Al jet.

• In February 1969, an El Al Boeing 720 was attacked at Zurich Airport. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Zürich Airport also called Kloten Airport, is located in Kloten, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland and managed by Unique Airport A Israeli trainee pilot was killed, with another eight people being wounded. In a firefight with security personnel, one terrorist was killed, with the other three being arrested. The terrorists were later put on trial in Winterthur, but released following the hijacking of a Swissair plane a year later. Winterthur (pronounced Ger /vɪntərtur/ Eng /tʊər/ is a city in the canton of Zurich in northern Switzerland. Swissair ( Swiss Air Transport Company Limited) was the former national Airline of Switzerland. ^[81]

• On 27 December 1985, after several attempts at direct attacks on El Al aircraft had failed, guerrillas of the Fatah Revolutionary Council attacked El Al counters at Rome and Vienna airports, killing 19 people. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Abu Nidal (أبو نضال (May 1937&ndashAugust 16 2002 born Sabri Khalil al-Banna, (Arabic صبري خليل البنا was a Palestinian political leader The Rome and Vienna airport attacks were two major terrorist attacks carried out on December 27, 1985. ^[16]

• Another terrorist attack was foiled on 18 April 1986 in what became known as the Hindawi Affair. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The Hindawi Affair was an attempted bombing of an El Al flight from London to Tel Aviv in April 1986 and its international repercussions A pregnant Irishwoman named Anne Mary Murphy was about to board an El Al flight at London's Heathrow Airport when her bag was found to contain three pounds of plastic explosives. Anne Mary Murphy (born 1954 is an Irishwoman best known as the former girlfriend of the Jordanian terrorist Nezar Hindawi and an unwitting accomplice The explosives had been planted by her fiancé Nezar Hindawi who was booked on a different flight. Nezar Nawwaf al-Mansur al-Hindawi (نزار نواف منصور الهنداوي b Hindawi was jailed for 45 years, the longest sentence ever delivered by a British court. ^[82] There was evidence that Syrian officials were involved and as a result, Britain cut off diplomatic relations with Syria. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية ^[83]

• On 4 October 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747-200F cargo plane, crashed into the Groeneveen and Klein-Kluitberg flats in Bijlmermeer, a neighborhood of Amsterdam. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) On October 4, 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747 cargo plane of the Israeli airline El Al, crashed into the Groeneveen and WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Bijlmermeer (bɛilməʁmeːʁ or colloquially Bijlmer ( is one of the neighborhoods that form the Amsterdam Zuidoost ('Amsterdam South-East' borough (or The three crew members, one passenger, and 39 people on the ground were killed. ^[84]

• On 4 July 2002, Hesham Mohamed Hadayet shot six Israelis at El Al's ticket counter at Los Angeles International Airport before he was shot and killed by an El Al security guard. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Hesham Mohamed Hadayet (هشام محمد هداية died July 4, 2002) was an Egyptian American terrorist who on July 4, 2002, murdered Los Angeles International Airport is the primary Airport serving Los Angeles, California, the second-most populated metropolitan area of ^[85] Two of the victims died. Although not linked to any terrorist group, Hadayet, an Egyptian, espoused anti-Israeli views and was opposed to US policy in the Middle East. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. ^[86] The US Federal Bureau of Investigation classified the shooting as a terrorist act, one of the few on US soil since the September 11, 2001 attacks. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion

• On 17 November 2002, Tawfiq Fukra, a twenty-three-year-old Israeli Arab, attempted to hijack an El Al flight from Tel Aviv to Turkey. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Arab citizens of Israel refers to Arabs or Arabic -speaking people who are Citizens of Israel who are not Jewish. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches He was reportedly armed with a pocket knife and attempted to break into the cockpit in order to fly the aircraft back to Israel and crash it into a building, but was apprehended by on-board security personnel. A pocketknife is a folding Knife with a Blade that fits inside the handle and that is small enough to fit in a Pocket. ^[87] Fukra has denied the charges. ^[88][89]

• On 23 October 2003, an El Al Boeing 767 flying from Tel Aviv to Los Angeles via Toronto was diverted to Mirabel International Airport and then on to Hamilton Airport, where Royal Canadian Mounted Police tactical teams were ready. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. John C Munro Hamilton International Airport or Hamilton International,, is an International airport in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada The diversion was the result of a "grave security threat", possibly a planned surface-to-air missile attack on the aircraft upon landing in Toronto. A surface to air missile ( SAM) or ground-to-air missile ( GTAM) is a Missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy Aircraft ^[90]

• In 2006, the Swiss Attorney General reported that seven North Africans had been arrested in connection with a conspiracy to blow up an unspecified El Al flight in December 2005. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan In the Criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between Natural persons to break the law at some time in the future and in some cases with at least one overt act ^[91] At the time of the arrest, El Al's flights between Tel Aviv and London flew over the Geneva area where a ground-to-air missile had been discovered. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Man-portable air-defense systems ( MANPADS) are shoulder-launched Surface-to-air missiles (SAMs ^[92]

References

See also

• Sun D'Or International Airlines

External links

• El Al official website

Sun d'Or International Airlines Limited סאן דור is an Israeli Charter airline with its hub at Tel Aviv 's Ben Gurion International Airport

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