Einsiedeln is a Benedictine monastery in Einsiedeln town, in the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, dedicated to Our Lady of the Hermits, that title being derived from the circumstances of its foundation, from which the name Einsiedeln is also said to have originated. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Einsiedeln is a municipality of 13062 in Switzerland in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland known for its monastery the Schwyz ( German) is a canton in central Switzerland between the Alps in the south Lake Lucerne in the east and Lake Zurich Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation It is a territorial abbacy and not part of a diocese. A territorial abbot or abbot nullius (short for abbot of an abbey nullius diœceseos, Latin "belonging to no diocese" heads a territorial
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History
Saint Meinrad, of the family of the Counts of Hohenzollern, was educated at the abbey school of Reichenau, an island in Lake Constance, under his kinsmen Abbots Hatto and Erlebald, where he became a monk and was ordained. Reichenau may refer to Reichenau Island, a German island in Lake Constance site of a Benedictine abbey Reichenau Baden-Württemberg, Under the designation Lake Constance or Lake of Constance ( German Bodensee) one summarizes the three independent bodies of water Obersee After some years at Reichenau, and the dependent priory of Bollingen, on Lake Zurich, he embraced an eremitical life and established his hermitage on the slopes of Mt. Bollingen is a small village near Rapperswil, in the Canton of St Lake Zurich ( Swiss German / Alemannic: Zürisee; German: Zürichsee) is a Lake in Switzerland, extending A hermit (from the Greek ἔρημος erēmos, signifying " Desert " "uninhabited" hence "desert-dweller" adjective "eremitic" Etzel, taking with him a wonder-working statue of Our Lady which he had been given by the Abbess Hildegarde of Zurich. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the He died in 861 at the hands of robbers who coveted the treasures offered at the shrine by devout pilgrims, but during the next eighty years the place was never without one or more hermits emulating Saint Meinrad's example. Events By Place Europe Carloman revolts against his father Louis the German. One of them, named Eberhard, previously Provost of Strassburg, erected a monastery and church there, of which he became first abbot.
The church was miraculously consecrated, so the legend runs, in 948, by Christ Himself assisted by the Four Evangelists, St. Peter, and St. Gregory the Great. This event was investigated and confirmed by Pope Leo VIII and subsequently ratified by many of his successors, the last ratification being by Pope Pius VI in 1793, who confirmed the acts of all his predecessors. Leo VIII (died March 1, 965) considered by the Church an Antipope from 963 to 964 a true Pope from 964 to 965 a Roman by birth Pope Pius VI (December 27 1717 &ndash August 29 1799 born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Pope from 1775 to 1799 was born at Cesena. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
In 965 Gregory, the third Abbot of Einsiedeln, was made a prince of the empire by Otto I, and his successors continued to enjoy the same dignity up to the cessation of the empire in the beginning of the nineteenth century. 965 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe The Khazar fortress of Sarkel falls Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke In 1274 the abbey, with its dependencies, was created an independent principality by Rudolf I of Germany, over which the abbot exercised temporal as well as spiritual jurisdiction. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg ( German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin Rudolfus) May 1, 1218 &ndash It continued independent until the French Revolution. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an The abbey is now what is termed nullius dioecesis, the abbot having quasi-episcopal authority over ten parishes served by the monks and comprising nearly twenty thousand souls. An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or
For the learning and piety of its monks Einsiedeln has been famous for a thousand years, and many saints and scholars have lived within its walls. The study of letters, printing, and music have greatly flourished there, and the abbey has contributed largely to the glory of the Benedictine Order. It is true that discipline declined somewhat in the fifteenth century and the rule became relaxed, but Ludovicus II, a monk of St. Gall who was Abbot of Einsiedeln 1526-44, succeeded in restoring the stricter observance.
In the sixteenth century the religious disturbances caused by the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland were a source of trouble for some time. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Zwingli himself was at Einsiedeln for a while, and used the opportunity for protesting against the famous pilgrimages, but the storm passed over and the abbey was left in peace. Huldrych (or Ulrich) Zwingli (1 January 1484 &ndash 11 October 1531 was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland. Abbot Augustine I (1600-29) was the leader of the movement which resulted in the erection of the Swiss Congregation of the Order of St. The Swiss Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation is a grouping of Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland or with significant historical Swiss connections Benedict in 1602, and he also did much for the establishment of unrelaxed observance in the abbey and for the promotion of a high standard of scholarship and learning amongst his monks.
The pilgrimages, just mentioned, which have never ceased since the days of St. Meinrad, have tended to make Einsiedeln the rival even of Rome, Loreto, and Compostela, and constitute one of the features for which the abbey is chiefly celebrated. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The pilgrims number from 150,000 to 200,000 annually, from all parts of Catholic Europe. The miraculous statue of Our Lady, originally set up by St. Meinrad, and later enthroned in the little chapel erected by Eberhard, is the object of their devotion. This chapel stands within the great abbey church, in much the same way as the Holy House at Loreto, encased in marbles and precious woodwork, elaborately decorated, though it has been so often restored, rebuilt, and adorned with the offerings of pilgrims, that it may be doubted whether much of the original sanctuary still remains.
The fourteenth of September and the thirteenth of October are the chief pilgrimage days, the former being the anniversary of the miraculous consecration of Eberhard's basilica, and the latter that of the translation of St. Meinrad's relics from Reichenau to Einsiedeln in 1039. Reichenau may refer to Reichenau Island, a German island in Lake Constance site of a Benedictine abbey Reichenau Baden-Württemberg, The millenary of St. Meinrad was kept there with great splendour in 1861. The great church has been many times rebuilt, the last time by Abbot Maurus between the years 1704 and 1719, and one of its chief treasures now is a magnificent corona presented by Napoleon III when he made a pilgrimage there in 1865. Year 1704 ( MDCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1719 ( MDCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President The library, which dates from 946, contains nearly fifty thousand volumes and many priceless manuscripts. A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution Events By Place Europe Eadred I succeeds his brother as king of England. The work of the monks is divided chiefly between prayer, the confessional, and study. At pilgrimage times the number of confessions heard is very large.
The community numbered (in 2004), 90 priests and forty lay brothers, and attached to the abbey are a seminary and a college for about two hundred and sixty pupils, both of which are taught by the monks, who also direct six convents of nuns. In the most common usage lay brothers are those members of Catholic Religious orders particularly of monastic orders occupied primarily with manual labor and with In 1854 a colony was sent to the United States from Einsiedeln to minister to the local German-speaking population. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The United States of America —commonly referred to as the From St. Meinrad Archabbey, St. Meinrad, Indiana, which was the first settlement, daughter-houses were founded, and these in 1881 were formed into the Swiss-American Congregation, which comprised (in 2004) fifteen monasteries from Canada in the north down to Guatemala. Saint Meinrad Archabbey in Spencer County Indiana, USA, was founded by monks from Einsiedeln Abbey ( Saint Meinrad is an unincorporated town in Harrison Township, Spencer County, Indiana, along the Anderson River and just off Interstate The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest 10 of which were directly founded from Einsiedeln. In the fall of 1887, Abbey Einsiedeln sent eight novices and a friar to Subiaco, Arkansas, United States. Subiaco is a town in Logan County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 439 at the 2000 census. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The friar, Gall D'Aujourd'hui (Friar Gall), is considered to be the co-founder of Subiaco Abbey and Academy. Subiaco Abbey is a Benedictine Monastery located in Logan County Arkansas, United States, in the Arkansas River valley Martin (Stefan) Werlen, the fifty-eight Abbot of Einsiedeln was elected in 2001. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
The Abbey School
One of the abbey's apostolates is a school (Gymnasium) for the seventh to twelfth grades, which has existed in its present form since the 1840s or 50s, and is the continuation of a tradition of education that goes dates to the thirteenth century. It's distinguished alumni include Philipp Etter, Hans Hürlimann, and Bruno Frick. Philipp Etter ( 21 December 1891 - 23 December 1977) was a Swiss politician Hans Hürlimann ( April 6, 1918 - February 22, 1994) was a Swiss politician and Member of the Swiss Federal Council Bruno Frick (born 31 May 1953) is Swiss politician of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC.
Trivia
- The abbey's library contains the Versus de scachis, the earliest mention of chess in Western literature. Versus de scachis is a Medieval Latin poem about Chess. It is found on two manuscripts from Einsiedeln MS Einsidlensis 365 and MS Einsidlensis 309 [1]
References
- ^ The Earliest Evidence of Chess in Western Literature: The Einsiedeln Verses, Helena M. Gamer, Speculum, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Oct. , 1954), pp. 734-750
See also
- Meinrad of Einsiedeln
- Gall Morel
- Johann Michael Feuchtmayer the Elder, Franz Joseph Feuchtmayer
- Martin Marty (bishop)
External links
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. Gall Morel O S B was a poet scholar aesthete and educationist born at Bischofszell, Switzerland, on 24 March 1803 died at the Abbey of Einsiedeln Johann Michael Feuchtmayer (the Elder (* 17 April 1666 in Wessobrunn (baptism † 15 October 1713 in Konstanz) was a Franz Joseph Feuchtmayer (* 9 March 1660 in Wessobrunn (baptized † 25 December 1718 in Mimmenhausen (near Salem) was Bishop Martin Marty OSB ( Schwyz, Switzerland January 12, 1834 - Saint Cloud Minnesota September 19, 1896 The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia
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