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Organized Labor
The Labor Movement
New Unionism · Proletariat
Social Movement Unionism
Syndicalism · Socialism
Labor timeline
Labor rights
Child labor · Eight-hour day
Occupational safety and health
Collective bargaining
Trade unions
Trade unions by country
Trade union federations
International comparisons
ITUC · WFTU · IWA
Strike actions
Chronological list of strikes
General strike · Sympathy strike
Sitdown strike · Work-to-rule
Trade unionists
Sidney Hillman · I. C. Frimu
I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
Tanong Po-arn
Sarah Bagley

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Academic Disciplines
Labor in economics
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The 8-hour day movement or 40-hour week movement (a. The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better New Unionism is a term which has been used twice in the history of the labour movement both times involving moves to broaden the union agenda The proletariat (from Latin la ''proles'' "offspring" is a term used to identify a lower Social class; a member of such a class is proletarian Social Movement Unionism is a trend of theory and practice in contemporary trade unionism Syndicalism is a type of movement which aims to degrade capitalist societies through action by the Working class on the industrial front Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Timeline of Organized labor history 1790s - 1800s - 1810s - 1820s - 1830s - 1840s - 1850s Labor rights or workers' rights are a group of Legal rights and claimed Human rights having to do with Labor relations between Workers Child labor is the employment of Children at regular and sustained labour Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in Collective bargaining is the process whereby workers organize together to meet converse and compromise upon the work environment with their employers A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming This is a list of Trade unions and Union federations by country This is a list of federations of Trade unions. Those federations listed under each country are also known as National trade union centres and are organisations formed Unions have been compared across countries by growth and decline patterns by violence levels and by kinds of political activity Inaugural Congress The founding and first congress of the ITUC was held November 1 - 3 2006 in Vienna TemplateInfobox Union for usage -->The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU was established in the wake of the Second Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The International Workers' Association ( IWA) ( Spanish: Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by Employees to perform work. The following is a list of deliberate absence from work related to specific working conditions ( strikes) or due to general unhappiness with the political order ( General strikes A general strike is a Strike action by a critical mass of the labour force in a city region or country A sympathy strike is a Strike action that is initiated by workers in one industry and supported by workers in a separate but related industry or profession A sit-down strike is a form of Civil disobedience in which an organized group of workers usually employed at a factory or other centralized location take possession of Work-to-rule is an Industrial action in which Employees do no more than the minimum required by the rules of a workplace and follow safety or other regulations to Sidney Hillman ( March 23, 1887 - July 10, 1946) was an American labor leader Ion Costache Frimu ( &mdash) was a Romanian socialist militant and politician a leading member of the Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR and Tanong Po-arn was a Thai labor union leader who disappeared following the National Peace Keeping Council's 1991 military Coup against the elected government Sarah George Bagley (April 19 1806-1883? was a nineteenth century labor activist in the United States Labor history (or labour history) is a broad field of study concerned with the development of the Labor movement and the Working class. The field of industrial relations (also called labor relations) looks at the relationship between Management and workers particularly groups of workers represented Labour law (also known as employment or labor law is the body of Laws administrative rulings and precedents which address the legal rights of and restrictions k. a. the Short-time movement) had its origins in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life and imposed long hours and poor working conditions. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods With working conditions unregulated, the health, welfare and morale of working people suffered. The exploitation of child labour was common. The working day could range from 10 hours up to 16 hours for six days a week. [1] [2]

Robert Owen had raised the demand for a ten-hour day as early as 1810, and instituted it in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark. Robert Owen (14 May 1771 – 17 Nov 1858 born in Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales was a social reformer and one of the founders of Socialism Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year New Lanark is a village on the River Clyde, approximately 14 miles (or 2 As early as 1817 he had formulated the goal of the eight-hour day and coined the slogan Eight hours labour, Eight hours recreation, Eight hours rest. Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Women and children in England were granted the ten-hour day in 1847. Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common French workers won the twelve-hour day after the February revolution of 1848. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap A shorter working day and improved working conditions was part of the general protests and agitation for Chartist reforms, and the early organization of trade unions. For chartism in financial markets see Technical analysis, and for the British socialist journal see Chartist (magazine Chartism was A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming

The International Workingmen's Association took up the demand for an eight-hour day at its convention in Geneva in August 1866 declaring The legal limitation of the working day is a preliminary condition without which all further attempts at improvements and emancipation of the working class must prove abortive and The Congress proposes eight hours as the legal limit of the working day. The International Workingmen's Association (IWA, sometimes called the First International, was an international socialist organization which aimed at uniting a variety Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Although there were initial successes in achieving an eight-hour day in New Zealand and by the Australian labour movement for skilled workers in the 1840s and 1850s, most employed people had to wait to the early and mid twentieth century for the condition to be widely achieved through the industrialized world through legislative action. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Australian labour movement has its origins in the early 19th century and includes both Trade unions and political activity.

The Eight hour day movement forms part of the early history for the celebration of Labour Day, and May Day in many nations and cultures. Labour Day is an annual Holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to any of several Public holidays In many countries May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour

Contents

New Zealand

The origins of the eight-hour day in New Zealand began in 1840, when carpenter Samuel Parnell refused to work more than eight hours a day when erecting a store for merchant George Hunter. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Samuel Duncan Parnell was an early New Zealand Settler often credited with the establishment of the Eight hour day in New Zealand George Hunter ( 1788 - 19 July 1843) was the first Mayor of Wellington, New Zealand in 1842 – 1843 He successfully negotiated the working condition and campaigned for its extension in the infant Wellington community. Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the A meeting of Wellington carpenters in October 1840 pledged "to maintain the eight-hour working day, and that anyone offending should be ducked into the harbour". A carpenter (builder is a skilled craftsman who performs carpentry - a wide range of Woodworking that includes constructing buildings,

Parnell is reported to have said: "There are twenty-four hours per day given us; eight of these should be for work, eight for sleep, and the remaining eight for recreation and in which for men to do what little things they want for themselves. " With tradesmen in short supply the employer was forced to accept Parnell's terms. Parnell later wrote, "the first strike for eight hours a day the world has ever seen, was settled on the spot".

Emigrants to the new settlement of Dunedin, Otago while onboard ship decided on a reduction of working hours. Dunedin (dəˈneɪdɪn) Ōtepoti in Maori is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the region of When the resident agent of the New Zealand Company, Captain Cargill, attempted to enforce a ten-hour day in January 1849 in Dunedin, he was unable to overcome the resistance of trades people under the leadership of house painter and plumber, Samuel Shaw. William Walter Cargill (27 August 1784 &ndash 6 August 1860 was the founder of the Otago settlement in New Zealand, after serving as a officer in the British Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Dunedin (dəˈneɪdɪn) Ōtepoti in Maori is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the region of Building trades in Auckland achieved the eight-hour day on 1 September 1857 after agitation led by Chartist painter, William Griffin. The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the For many years achievement of the eight-hour day was confined to craft tradesmen and unionized workers. Labour Day, which commemorates the introduction of the eight-hour day, became a national public holiday in 1899. Labour Day is an annual Holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Australia

Eight-hour day march circa 1900, outside Parliament House in Spring Street, Melbourne.
Eight-hour day march circa 1900, outside Parliament House in Spring Street, Melbourne. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3

The Australian gold rushes attracted many skilled tradesmen to Australia. Some of these trades people had been active in the chartism movement, and subsequently became prominent in agitation for better working conditions in the Australian colonies.

Eight-hour day banner, Melbourne, 1856
Eight-hour day banner, Melbourne, 1856

The Stonemasons Society in Sydney issued an ultimatum to employers on 18 August 1855, that after six months masons would work only an eight-hour day. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Construction of many buildings was occurring with the rapid increase in population caused by the gold rushes, so skilled labour was scarce. Stonemasons working on the Holy Trinity Church and the Mariners Church (an evangelical mission to seafarers), decided not to wait and pre-emptively went on strike, thus winning the eight-hour day. They celebrated with a victory dinner on 1 October 1855. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year When the six month ultimatum expired in February 1856, stonemasons generally in Sydney agitated for a reduction of hours. Although opposed by employers, a two-week strike on the construction of Tooths Brewery on Parramatta Road proved effective, and stonemasons won an eight-hour day by early March 1856, but with a reduction in wages to match. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Agitation was also occurring in Melbourne where the craft unions were more militant. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Stonemasons working on Melbourne University organized to down tools on 21 April 1856 and a march on to Parliament House with other members of the building trade. The University of Melbourne is a Public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The movement in Melbourne was led by veteran chartists and mason James Stephens, T. James Stephens (born Chepstow, Monmouthshire in south east Wales, 1821 died Melbourne, Australia, 14 November 1889 was a W. Vine, and James Galloway. The government agreed that workers employed on public works should enjoy an eight-hour day with no loss of pay and Stonemasons celebrated with a holiday and procession on Monday 12 May 1856, when about 700 people marched with 19 trades involved. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year By 1858 the eight-hour day was firmly established in the building industry and by 1860 the eight-hour day was fairly widely worked in Victoria. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting From 1879 the eight-hour day was a public holiday in Victoria. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The initial success in Melbourne led to the decision to organize a movement, to actively spread the eight-hour idea, and secure the condition generally.

In 1903 veteran socialist Tom Mann spoke to a crowd of a thousand people at the unveiling of the Eight Hour Day monument, funded by public subscription, and located on the corner of Victoria and Russell Streets, outside Melbourne Trades Hall. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Tom Mann ( 15 April 1856 - 13 March 1941) was a noted British Trade unionist.

Eight-hour day procession by miners in Wyalong, New South Wales - late 1890s
Eight-hour day procession by miners in Wyalong, New South Wales - late 1890s

It took further campaigning and struggles by trade unions to extend the reduction in hours to all workers in Australia. Wyalong is part of the Bland Shire located in the Northern Riverina Region of New South Wales, Australia. In 1916 the New South Wales Eight Hours Act was passed granting the eight-hour day to all workers in the state. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The eight hour day was not achieved nationally until the 1920s. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada The Commonwealth Arbitration Court gave approval of the 40-hour five-day working week nationally beginning on 1 January 1948. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The achievement of the eight-hour day has been described by historians such as Rowan Cahill: one of the great successes of the Australian working class during the nineteenth century, demonstrating to Australian workers that it was possible to successfully organize, mobilize, agitate, and exercise significant control over working conditions and quality of life. The Australian trade union movement grew out of eight-hour campaigning and the movement that developed to promote the principle.

The intertwined numbers 888 soon adorned the pediment of many union buildings constructed around Australia. A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure ( Entablature) typically supported by The Eight Hour March which began on April 21, 1856, continued each year until 1951 in Melbourne, when the conservative Victorian Trades Hall Council decided to forgo the tradition for the Moomba festival on the Labour Day weekend. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Victorian Trades Hall Council is a representative body of Trade union For the fictional creature from the Final Fantasy series see Races of Final Fantasy. Labour Day is an annual Holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of In capital cities and regional towns across Australia Eight Hour day marches became a regular social event each year, with early marches often restricted to those workers who had won an eight hour day.



United States

In the United States, Philadelphia carpenters went on strike in 1791 for the ten-hour day. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common By the 1830s, this had become a general demand. In 1835, workers in Philadelphia organized a general strike, led by Irish coal heavers. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Their banners read, From 6 to 6, ten hours work and two hours for meals. Labor movement publications called for an eight-hour day as early as 1836. Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Boston ship carpenters, although not unionized, achieved an eight-hour day in 1842. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

In 1864, the eight-hour day quickly became a central demand of the Chicago labor movement. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Illinois legislature passed a law in early 1867 granting an eight-hour day but had so many loopholes that it was largely ineffective. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting A city-wide strike that began on May 1, 1867, shut down the city's economy for a week before collapsing. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting In 1868, Congress passed an eight-hour law for federal employees, which was also of limited effectiveness. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap

In August 1866 the National Labor Union at Baltimore passed a resolution that said, "The first and great necessity of the present to free labour of this country from capitalist slavery, is the passing of a law by which eight hours shall be the normal working day in all States of the American Union. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The National Labor Union ( NLU) was the first national labor federation in the United States. We are resolved to put forth all our strength until this glorious result is achieved. "

During the 1870s, eight hours became a central demand, especially among labor organizers, anarchists and socialists, with a network of Eight-Hour Leagues which held rallies and parades. Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution A hundred thousand workers in New York City struck and won the eight-hour day in 1872, mostly for building trades workers. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year In Chicago, Albert Parsons became recording secretary of the Chicago Eight-Hour League in 1878, and was appointed a member of a national eight-hour committee in 1880. Albert Richard Parsons (June 20 1848 - November 11 1887 was an anarchist labor activist hanged under doubtful circumstances following a bomb attack on police at the Haymarket Riot Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

At its convention in Chicago in 1884, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions resolved that "eight hours shall constitute a legal day's labour from and after May 1, 1886, and that we recommend to labour organizations throughout this jurisdiction that they so direct their laws as to conform to this resolution by the time named. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada (FOTLU was a federation of labor unions created on November 15, 1881 Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common "

The leadership of the Knights of Labor, under Terence V. Powderly, rejected appeals to join the movement as a whole, but many local Knights assemblies joined the strike call including Chicago, Cincinnati and Milwaukee. The Knights of Labor, also known as Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was one of the most important American labor organizations of Terence Vincent Powderly ( January 22, 1849 &ndash June 24, 1924) was born in Carbondale Pennsylvania, the son of Irish On May 1, 1886, Albert Parsons, head of the Chicago Knights of Labor, with his wife Lucy Parsons and two children, led 80,000 people down Michigan Avenue, Chicago, in what is regarded as the first-ever modern May Day Parade, in support of the eight-hour day. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Knights of Labor, also known as Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was one of the most important American labor organizations of Lucy Parsons ( 1853 - March 7, 1942) was a radical American labor organizer Anarchist (and possibly later also In the next few days they were joined nationwide by 350,000 workers who went on strike at 1,200 factories, including 70,000 in Chicago, 45,000 in New York, 32,000 in Cincinnati, and additional thousands in other cities. Some workers gained shorter hours (eight or nine) with no reduction in pay; others accepted pay cuts with the reduction in hours.

Artist impression of the bomb explosion in Haymarket Square
Artist impression of the bomb explosion in Haymarket Square

On May 3, 1886, August Spies, editor of the Arbeiter-Zeitung (Workers Newspaper), spoke at a meeting of 6,000 workers, and afterwards many of them moved down the street to harass strikebreakers at the McCormick plant in Chicago. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common August Vincent Theodore Spies ( December 10, 1855 &ndash November 11, 1887) was an Anarchist labor activist hanged under doubtful The police arrived, opened fire, and killed four people, wounding many more. At a subsequent rally on May 4 to protest this violence, a bomb exploded at the Haymarket Square. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Hundreds of labour activists were rounded up and the prominent labour leaders arrested, tried, convicted, and executed giving the movement its first martyrs. On June 26, 1893 Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld set the remaining leader free, and granted full pardons to all those tried claiming they were innocent of the crime for which they had been tried and the hanged men had been the victims of "hysteria, packed juries and a biased judge". Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common John Peter Altgeld ( December 30 1847 - March 12 1902) was the Governor of the U

The American Federation of Labor, meeting in St Louis in December 1888, set May 1, 1890 as the day that American workers should work no more than eight hours. The American Federation of Labor (AFL was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The International Workingmen's Association (Second International), meeting in Paris in 1889, endorsed the date for international demonstrations, thus starting the international tradition of May Day. The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to any of several Public holidays In many countries May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour

The United Mine Workers won an eight-hour work day in 1898. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The United Mine Workers of America ( UMW or UMWA) is a North Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The Building Trades Council (BTC) of San Francisco, under the leadership of P.H. McCarthy, won the eight-hour day in 1900 when the BTC unilaterally declared that its members would work only eight hours a day for $3 a day. Patrick Henry McCarthy ( March 17, 1863 &ndash July 1, 1933) generally known as P Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar When mill resisted, the BTC began organizing mill workers; the employers responded by locking out 8,000 employees throughout the Bay Area. The BTC, in return, established a union planing mill from which construction employers could obtain supplies — or face boycotts and sympathy strikes if they did not. The mill owners went to arbitration, where the union won the eight-hour day, a closed shop for all skilled workers, and an arbitration panel to resolve future disputes. In return, the union agreed to refuse to work with material produced by non-union planing mills or those that paid less than the Bay Area employers.

By 1905 the Eight-hour day is widely installed in the printing trades.

On January 5, 1914, the Ford Motor Company took the radical step of doubling pay to $5 a day, and cut shifts from nine hours to an eight hour day, moves that were not popular with rival companies, although seeing the increase in Ford's productivity, most soon followed suit. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following

The Adamson Act was a United States law passed in 1916 that established an eight-hour workday, with additional pay for overtime work, for railroad workers. The Adamson Act was a United States federal law passed in 1916 that established an eight-hour workday with additional pay for overtime work for Railroad Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year This was the first federal law that regulated the hours of workers in private companies. The United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Act in 1917. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

The eight-hour day was realized for many working people in the U. S. in 1938, when the Fair Labor Standards Act (29 U.S. Code Chapter 8) under the New Deal made it a legal day's work throughout the nation. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( FLSA, ch 676, June 25, 1938,) also called the Wages and Hours Bill, is United States federal The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D

Europe

At the turn of the century, the eight-hour day was introduced by Ernst Abbe at the Zeiss plants in Jena, Germany. Ernst Karl Abbe ( January 23, 1840 &ndash January 14, 1905) was a German Physicist and professor at the University Jena (pronunciation ˈjeːna is a university City in central Germany on the river Saale. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

The 40 hours work week were enacted in France during the Popular Front with the 1936 Matignon agreements. The Popular Front (French Front populaire) was an alliance of left-wing movements including the French Communist Party (PCF the Socialist The Matignon Agreements (French Accords de Matignon) were signed on June 7 1936 at one o'clock in the morning between the CGPF employers trade union

In Portugal a vast wave of strikes occurred in 1919, supported by the National Workers' Union, the biggest labour union organization at the time. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The workers achieved important objectives, including the historic victory of an eight-hour working day.

In the region of Alcoy, Spain, workers struck in 1873 for the eight hour day following much agitation from the anarchists. Alcoy may stand for Alcoy ( Alcoi in Valencian a municipality in the province of Alicante Spain Alcoy, province of Cebu Philippines Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i In 1919 in Barcelona, after a 44 day long general strike with over 100,000 participants which had effectively crippled the Catalan economy, the Government in Barcelona settled the strike by granting all of the striking workers demands which included an eight hour day, union recognition, and the rehiring of fired workers. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Spain became the first country in the world to pass a national eight hour day law, as a result of 1919's general strike. See Anarchism in Spain. Anarchism has historically gained more support and influence in Spain than anywhere else especially before Francisco Franco 's victory in the Spanish Civil War

In Russia the eight-hour working day was introduced in 1917, four days after the October Revolution, by a Decree of the Soviet government. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution Decrees (декреты were legislative acts of the highest Soviet institutions primarily of the Council of People's Commissars (the highest executive body and Council of Ministers of the USSR (Совет Министров СССР tr

United Kingdom

The Modern Bed of ProcustesProcrustes. "Now then, you fellows; I mean to fit you all to my little bed!"Chorus. "Oh lor-r!!""It is impossible to establish universal uniformity of hours without inflicting very serious injury to workers." — Motion at the recent Trades' Congress.Cartoon from Punch, Vol 101, Sept 19, 1891
The Modern Bed of Procustes
Procrustes. "Now then, you fellows; I mean to fit you all to my little bed!"
Chorus. "Oh lor-r!!"
"It is impossible to establish universal uniformity of hours without inflicting very serious injury to workers. " — Motion at the recent Trades' Congress.
Cartoon from Punch, Vol 101, Sept 19, 1891

The Factory Act of 1833 was an Act of Parliament which limited the workday for children in factories. Punch was a British weekly Magazine of Humour and Satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002 The Factory Acts were a series of Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to limit the number of hours worked by women and children first in the textile Those between 9 and 13 could work only eight hours, and children between 14 and 18 could work twelve hours. Children under 9 were required to attend school.

In 1884, Tom Mann joined the Social Democratic Federation (SDF) and published a pamphlet calling for the working day to be limited to eight hours. Tom Mann ( 15 April 1856 - 13 March 1941) was a noted British Trade unionist. Mann formed an organization, the Eight Hour League, which successfully pressured the Trades Union Congress to adopt the eight-hour day as a key goal. The Trades Union Congress (TUC is a national trade union centre, a federation of Trade unions in the United Kingdom, representing the majority of trade

South America

A strike for the eight-hour day was held in May 1919 in Peru. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. In Uruguay during the second term of president José Batlle y Ordóñez such things as unemployment compensation (1914), eight-hour workdays (1915), and universal suffrage were introduced. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America José Pablo Torcuato Batlle y Ordóñez ( May 21 1856 - October 20 1929) was the president of Uruguay in 1899 (interim and from In Chile it was introduced in 1924, after the Saber noise event (Ruido de sables), by the September Junta. This is the history of Chile. See also the History of South America and the History of present-day nations and states. Saber-noise or saber-rattling ( Spanish: ruido de sables) refers to a historical incident in Chilean history that took place on September Government Junta of Chile ( September 11, 1924 - January 23, 1925) (also known as the September Junta) was the political structure

Central America and Caribbean

The Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920, produced the Constitution of 1917, which contained Article 123 that gave workers the right to organize labor unions and to strike. The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana was a major armed struggle that started with an uprising led by Francisco I It also provided protection for women and children, the eight hour day, and a living wage. See Mexican labor law. Mexican labor law governs the process by which workers in Mexico may organize Labor unions engage in Collective bargaining, and strike.

In Puerto Rico in May 1899, while under US administration, General George W. Davis succeeded to Island command and decreed Freedom of assembly, speech, press, religion and an eight-hour day for government employees. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} George Whitefield Davis ( July 26, 1839 &ndash July 12, 1918) was an Engineer and Major General in the United


See also

References

External links

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New Zealand

United States of America


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