Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower as seen from the Champ-de-Mars
Information
Location	Paris, France
Status	Complete
Constructed	1887 – 1889
Use	Observation tower Radio broadcasting tower
Height
Antenna/Spire	324 metres (1,063 ft)
Roof	300. The Champ de Mars (ʃɑ̃ də maʁs is a large public green-space in Paris, France, located in the 7th ''arrondissement'', between the Eiffel Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. 65 metres (986 ft)
Companies
Architect	Gustave Eiffel
Structural Engineer	Gustave Eiffel

The Eiffel Tower (French: Tour Eiffel, /tuʀ ɛfɛl/) is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel ( December 15, 1832 &ndash December 27, 1923; in French efɛl in English usually ˈaɪfəl was a French Alexandre Gustave Eiffel ( December 15, 1832 &ndash December 27, 1923; in French efɛl in English usually ˈaɪfəl was a French French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Towers are tall human-made Structures that are always taller than they are wide usually by a significant Margin. The Champ de Mars (ʃɑ̃ də maʁs is a large public green-space in Paris, France, located in the 7th ''arrondissement'', between the Eiffel The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The tower has become a global icon of France and is one of the most recognizable structures in the world. A cultural icon can be an Image, a Symbol, a Logo, Picture, Name, Face, Person, or Building This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Contents 1 Introduction 2 History 3 Shape of the tower 4 Installations 5 Events 6 The 72 names 7 Image copyright claims 8 In popular culture 8.1 Lattice towers taller than Eiffel Tower 8.2 Architectural structures in France taller than Eiffel Tower 9 Similar towers and reproductions 9.1 Similar towers (not scale models) 9.2 Reproductions 10 Broadcasting stations 10.1 FM-Radio 10.2 TV 11 Other structures carrying this name 12 See also 13 References 14 Further reading 15 Gallery 16 External links

Introduction

Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in Paris and one of the most recognized structures in the world. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel ( December 15, 1832 &ndash December 27, 1923; in French efɛl in English usually ˈaɪfəl was a French This page presents a list of the tallest skyscrapers buildings and structures in the Paris region, consisting of the inner Paris urban area ( Paris and neighboring ^[1] More than 200,000,000 have visited the tower since its construction in 1889,^[2] including 6,719,200  in 2006,^[3] making it the most visited paid monument in the world. ^[4][5] Including the 24 m (79 ft) antenna, the structure is 325 m (1,063 ft) high (since 2000), which is equivalent to about 81 levels in a conventional building.

When the tower was completed in 1889 it was the world's tallest tower — a title it retained until 1930 when New York City's Chrysler Building (319 m — 1,047 ft tall) was completed. The City of New York The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco Skyscraper in New York City, located on the east side of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd ^[6] The tower is now the fifth-tallest structure in France and the tallest structure in Paris, with the second-tallest being the Tour Montparnasse (210 m — 689 ft), although that will soon be surpassed by Tour AXA (225. Tour Maine-Montparnasse ( Maine-Montparnasse Tower) also commonly named Tour Montparnasse, is a 210-meter (689 ft tall office Skyscraper located in Tour AXA (also known as tour Assur, previously known as tour UAP between 1974-1998 is an office Skyscraper located in La Défense, the high-rise 11 m — 738. 36 ft).

The metal structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire structure including non-metal components is approximately 10,000 tonnes. Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7 in) because of thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun. The tower also sways 6-7 cm (2-3 in) in the wind. ^[3] As demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7300 tonnes of the metal structure were melted down it would fill the 125 meter square base to a depth of only 6 cm (2. 36 in), assuming a density of the metal to be 7. 8 tonnes per cubic meter. The tower has a mass less than the mass of the air contained in a cylinder of the same dimensions,^[7] that is 324 meters high and 88. 3 meters in radius. The weight of the tower is 10,100 tonnes compared to 10,265 tonnes of air.

The first and second levels are accessible by stairways and lifts. A ticket booth at the south tower base sells tickets to access the stairs which begin at that location. At the first platform the stairs continue up from the east tower and the third level summit is only accessible by lift. From the first or second platform the stairs are open for anyone to ascend or descend regardless of whether they have purchased a lift ticket or stair ticket. The actual count of stairs includes 9 steps to the ticket booth at the base, 328 steps to the first level, 340 steps to the second level and 18 steps to the lift platform on the second level. When exiting the lift at the third level there are 15 more steps to ascend to the upper observation platform. The step count is printed periodically on the side of the stairs to give an indication of progress of ascent. The majority of the ascent allows for an unhindered view of the area directly beneath and around the tower although some short stretches of the stairway are enclosed.

Maintenance of the tower includes applying 50 to 60 tonnes of paint every seven years to protect it from rust. In order to maintain a uniform appearance to an observer on the ground, three separate colors of paint are used on the tower, with the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at the top. On occasion the colour of the paint is changed; the tower is currently painted a shade of brownish-grey. ^[8] On the first floor there are interactive consoles hosting a poll for the colour to use for a future session of painting. The co-architects of the Eiffel Tower are Emile Nouguier, Maurice Koechlin and Stephen Sauvestre. Maurice Koechlin ( March 8, 1856 - January 14, 1946) was a French Structural engineer. ^[9]

History

The structure was built between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance arch for the Exposition Universelle, a World's Fair marking the centennial celebration of the French Revolution. The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a World's Fair held in Paris, France from May 6, to October 31, 1889. Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Eiffel originally planned to build the tower in Barcelona, for the Universal Exposition of 1888, but those responsible at the Barcelona city hall thought it was a strange and expensive construction, which did not fit into the design of the city. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia After the refusal of the Consistory of Barcelona, Eiffel submitted his draft to those responsible for the Universal Exhibition in Paris, where he would build his tower a year later, in 1889. The tower was inaugurated on March 31, 1889, and opened on 6 May. An inauguration is a ceremony of formal Investiture whereby an individual assumes an office or position of authority or power Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Three hundred workers joined together 18,038 pieces of puddled iron (a very pure form of structural iron), using two and a half million rivets, in a structural design by Maurice Koechlin. Puddle iron is a type of Wrought iron, used mainly in construction In Structural engineering, structural design is an Iterative process of applying Engineering mechanics and past experience to create a functional economic Maurice Koechlin ( March 8, 1856 - January 14, 1946) was a French Structural engineer. The risk of accident was great, for unlike modern skyscrapers the tower is an open frame without any intermediate floors except the two platforms. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper However, because Eiffel took safety precautions, including the use of movable stagings, guard-rails and screens, only one man died.

The tower was met with much criticism from the public when it was built, with many calling it an eyesore. Newspapers of the day were filled with angry letters from the arts community of Paris. One is quoted extensively in William Watson's US Government Printing Office publication of 1892 Paris Universal Exposition: Civil Engineering, Public Works, and Architecture. “And during twenty years we shall see, stretching over the entire city, still thrilling with the genius of so many centuries, we shall see stretching out like a black blot the odious shadow of the odious column built up of riveted iron plates. ”^[10] Signers of this letter included Messonier, Gounod, Garnier, Gerome, Bougeureau, and Dumas.

Novelist Guy de Maupassant — who claimed to hate the tower — supposedly ate lunch in the Tower's restaurant every day. Guy de Maupassant (gi də mopasɑ̃ (5 August 1850 &ndash 6 July 1893 was a popular 19th-century French Writer and considered one of the fathers of the modern When asked why, he answered that it was the one place in Paris where you couldn't see the Tower. Today, it is widely considered to be a striking piece of structural art.

One of the great Hollywood movie clichés is that the view from a Parisian window always includes the tower. In reality, since zoning restrictions limit the height of most buildings in Paris to 7 stories, only a very few of the taller buildings have a clear view of the tower. .

Eiffel had a permit for the tower to stand for 20 years, meaning it would have had to be dismantled in 1909, when its ownership would revert to the City of Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The City had planned to tear it down (part of the original contest rules for designing a tower was that it could be easily demolished) but as the tower proved valuable for communication purposes, it was allowed to remain after the expiration of the permit. The military used it to dispatch Parisian taxis to the front line during the First Battle of the Marne, and it therefore became a victory statue of that battle. The First Battle of the Marne (also known as the Miracle of the Marne) was a World War I battle fought from 5 September to 12 September 1914

Shape of the tower

At the time the tower was built many people were shocked by its daring shape. Eiffel was criticised for the design and accused of trying to create something artistic, or inartistic according to the viewer, without regard to engineering. Eiffel and his engineers, as renowned bridge builders however, understood the importance of wind forces and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world they had to be certain it would withstand the wind. In an interview reported in the newspaper Le Temps, Eiffel said:

“	Now to what phenomenon did I give primary concern in designing the Tower? It was wind resistance. In Fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called fluid resistance) is the force that resists the movement of a Solid object through a Fluid (a Well then! I hold that the curvature of the monument's four outer edges, which is as mathematical calculation dictated it should be (. . . ) will give a great impression of strength and beauty, for it will reveal to the eyes of the observer the boldness of the design as a whole.	”
—translated from the French newspaper Le Temps of February 14, 1887[11]

The shape of the tower was therefore determined by mathematical calculation involving wind resistance. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Several theories of this mathematical calculation have been proposed over the years, the most recent is a nonlinear integral differential equation based on counterbalancing the wind pressure on any point on the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point. This article describes the use of the term nonlinearity in mathematics A differential equation is a mathematical Equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the That shape is exponential. A careful plot of the tower curvature however, reveals two different exponentials, the lower section having a stronger resistance to wind forces. ^[12][13]

Installations

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the tower has been used for radio transmission. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Until the 1950s, an occasionally modified set of antenna wires ran from the summit to anchors on the Avenue de Suffren and Champ de Mars. The Champ de Mars (ʃɑ̃ də maʁs is a large public green-space in Paris, France, located in the 7th ''arrondissement'', between the Eiffel They were connected to long-wave transmitters in small bunkers; in 1909, a permanent underground radio centre was built near the south pillar and still exists today. On November 20, 1913, the Paris Observatory, using the Eiffel Tower as an antenna, exchanged sustained wireless signals with the United States Naval Observatory which used an antenna in Arlington, Virginia. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Paris Observatory (in French Observatoire de Paris or Observatoire de Paris-Meudon) is the foremost astronomical observatory of France, The United States Naval Observatory ( USNO) is one of the oldest Scientific agencies in the United States. The object of the transmissions was to measure the difference in longitude between Paris and Washington, D.C.^[14]

The tower has two restaurants: Altitude 95, on the first floor (95 m, 311 ft, above sea level); and the Jules Verne, an expensive gastronomical restaurant on the second floor, with a private lift. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between Culture and Food. This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide. The Michelin Guide ( Le Guide Michelin) is a series of annual Guide books published by Michelin for over a dozen countries In January 2007, a new multi-Michelin star chef Alain Ducasse was brought in to run Jules Verne. Alain Ducasse (b September 13 1956 on a farm in Castel-Sarrazin in southwestern France) is a famous Monégasque Chef. ^[15]

The uppermost observation deck, with a height of 275 metres, is the highest area of an architectural structure in the European Union open for the public. An observation deck is a platform situated upon a tall architectural structure or natural feature The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

The passenger lifts from ground level to the first level are operated by cables and pulleys driven by massive water-powered pistons. As they ascend the inclined arc of the legs, the elevator cabins tilt slightly, but with a slight jolt every few seconds, in order to keep the floor nearly level. The elevator works are on display and open to the public in a small museum located in one of the four tower bases.

Events

Lightning strikes the Eiffel Tower on 3 June 1902, at 9:20 P. M The Eiffel Tower served as an advertising space for Citroën from 1925 to 1934. Citroën (pronounced See-Troh-Enn is a French Automobile manufacturer, founded in 1919 by André Citroën.

• On September 10, 1889, Thomas Edison visited the tower. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He signed the guestbook with the following message—

“

To M Eiffel the Engineer the brave builder of so gigantic and original specimen of modern Engineering from one who has the greatest respect and admiration for all Engineers including the Great Engineer the Bon Dieu, Thomas Edison. A guestbook is a logging system that allows visitors of a Website to leave a public comment An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and

”

• In 1902, the tower was struck by lightning (see photo at right). Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of Electricity, which typically occurs during Thunderstorms and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or 100 m (330 ft) of the top had to be reconstructed and the damaged lights illuminating the tower had to be replaced. ^[16]
• Father Theodor Wulf in 1910 took observations of radiant energy radiating at the top and bottom of the tower, discovering at the top more than was expected, and thereby detecting what are today known as cosmic rays. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Theodor Wulf ( July 28, 1868 - June 19, 1946) was a German Physicist and Jesuit priest who was one of the first Radiant energy is the Energy of Electromagnetic waves The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating Radiant flux (or power For the 1962 Bruce Conner film see Cosmic Ray (film Cosmic rays are energetic particles originating from space that impinge on ^[17]
• On February 4, 1912, Austrian tailor Franz Reichelt died after jumping 60 metres from the first deck of Eiffel tower with his home-made parachute. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Franz Reichelt (1800s- February 4, 1912) was an Austrian Tailor best known for his recorded accidental death A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag.
• In 1925, the con artist Victor Lustig "sold" the tower for scrap metal. Victor Lustig ( January 4, 1890 &ndash March 11, 1947) was a Con artist best known as
• In 1930, the tower lost the title of the world's tallest structure when the Chrysler Building was completed in New York City. The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco Skyscraper in New York City, located on the east side of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd The City of New York
• From 1925 to 1934, illuminated signs for Citroën adorned three of the tower's four sides, making it the tallest advertising space in the world at the time. Citroën (pronounced See-Troh-Enn is a French Automobile manufacturer, founded in 1919 by André Citroën.
• Upon the Nazi occupation of Paris in 1940, the lift cables were cut by the French so that Adolf Hitler would have to climb the steps to the summit. The military history of France during World War II covers the period from 1939 until 1940 which witnessed French military participation under the Third Republic, and the period Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening an enemy oppressor or employer through subversion obstruction disruption and/or destruction Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately The parts to repair them were allegedly impossible to obtain because of the war. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1940 Nazi soldiers had to climb to the top to hoist the swastika, but the flag was so large it blew away just a few hours later, and it was replaced by a smaller one. The swastika (from Sanskrit: svástika sa स्वस्तिक Hindu IS CORRECT if 'ि' is positioned incorrectly see -->) is When visiting Paris, Hitler chose to stay on the ground. It was said that Hitler conquered France, but did not conquer the Eiffel Tower. A Frenchman scaled the tower during the German occupation to hang the French flag. The National flag of France (known in French as drapeau tricolore, drapeau français,and in military parlance les couleurs In August 1944, when the Allies were nearing Paris, Hitler ordered General Dietrich von Choltitz, the military governor of Paris, to demolish the tower along with the rest of the city. The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. General der Infanterie Dietrich von Choltitz ( 9 November 1894, Schloss Wiese, Silesia - 4 November 1966 Von Choltitz disobeyed the order. The lifts of the Tower were working normally within hours of the Liberation of Paris. The Liberation of Paris' (also known as Battle for Paris) took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the surrender of
• On January 3, 1956, a fire damaged the top of the tower. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• In 1957, the present radio antenna was added to the top.
• In the 1980s, an old restaurant and its supporting iron scaffolding midway up the tower was dismantled; it was purchased and reconstructed on St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans, Louisiana, by entrepreneurs John Onorio and Daniel Bonnot, originally as the Tour Eiffel Restaurant, known more recently as the Red Room. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana The restaurant was re-assembled from 11,000 pieces that crossed the Atlantic in a 40-foot (12 m) cargo container.
• On March 31, 1984, Robert Moriarty flew a Beechcraft Bonanza through the arches of the tower. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[18]
• In 1985's James Bond action/adventure film A View to a Kill, Sir Roger Moore as James Bond chases May Day played by actress Grace Jones up the Eiffel Tower. James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story A View To A Kill (1985 is the fourteenth Spy film of the James Bond series, and the seventh and last to star Roger Moore as the fictional Sir Roger George Moore KBE (born 14 October 1927) is an English Actor. Grace Jones (born May 19, 1948) is a Jamaican �� American Singer, model and actress She parachutes from the structure to escape. The video of the film's theme tune, performed by the group Duran Duran, also included several scenes of the band staged on the tower intercut with clips from the film. Duran Duran are an English Pop rock band famous for a long series of popular singles, albums and vivid Music videos for which they've won two A full 20 years earlier, the Bond film Thunderball (1965) featured an establishing shot of the tower as the villainous Largo, played by Adolfo Celi, parks outside the headquarters of SPECTRE in Paris. Thunderball (1965 is the fourth Spy film of the British James Bond series, and the fourth to star Sean Connery as the Adolfo Celi (July 27 1922 February 19 1986 was an Italian film actor and director A spectre or specter is a (usually terrifying phantom, Apparition, or Ghost, or an unreal appearance
• On July 14 1995, Bastille Day, French synthesiser musician Jean Michel Jarre performed Concert For Tolerance at the tower in aid of UNESCO. Bastille Day is the French national holiday, celebrated on 14 July each year. Jean-Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948, Lyon) is a French Composer, performer and Music producer. This is a list of major concerts and concert tours held by Jean Michel Jarre. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The free concert was attended by an estimated 1. 5 million people, filling the Champ-de-Mars. The Champ de Mars (ʃɑ̃ də maʁs is a large public green-space in Paris, France, located in the 7th ''arrondissement'', between the Eiffel The concert featured lighting and projection effects on the tower, and a huge firework display throughout. Exactly 3 years later, he returned to the same spot for a more dance music orientated show, Electronic Night. This is a list of major concerts and concert tours held by Jean Michel Jarre.
• On New Year's Eve 2000, the Eiffel Tower played host to Paris' Millennium Celebration. New Year's Eve is on December 31, the final day of the Gregorian year and the day before New Year's Day. Fireworks exploded from the whole length of the tower in a spectacular display. An exhibition above a cafeteria on the first floor commemorates this event.
• In 2000, flashing lights and four high-power searchlights were installed on the tower. A searchlight is an apparatus with Reflectors for projecting a powerful beam of Light of approximately parallel rays in a particular Since then the light show has become a nightly event. The searchlights on top of the tower make it a beacon in Paris' night sky.
• The tower received its 200,000,000th guest of all-time in 2002. ^[19][20]
• At 19:20 on July 22, 2003, a fire occurred at the top of the tower in the broadcasting equipment room. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit The entire tower was evacuated; the fire was extinguished after 40 minutes, and there were no reports of injuries.
• Since 2004, the Eiffel Tower has hosted an ice skating rink on the first floor during the winter period.

The 72 names

Main article: The 72 names on the Eiffel Tower

Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower seventy-two names of French scientists, engineers and other notable people. On the Eiffel Tower, seventy-two names of French scientists engineers and some other notable people are engraved in recognition of their contributions by Gustave Eiffel This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This engraving was painted over at the beginning of the twentieth century but restored in 1986-1987 by the Société Nouvelle d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, a company contracted to operate business related to the Tower.

Image copyright claims

Images of the tower have long been in the public domain; however, in 2003 SNTE (Société nouvelle d'exploitation de la tour Eiffel) installed a new lighting display on the tower. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The effect was to put any night-time image of the tower and its lighting display under copyright. As a result, it was no longer legal to publish contemporary photographs of the tower at night without permission in some countries. ^[21][22]

The imposition of copyright has been controversial. The Director of Documentation for SNTE, Stéphane Dieu, commented in January 2005, "It is really just a way to manage commercial use of the image, so that it isn't used in ways we don't approve. " However, it also potentially has the effect of prohibiting tourist photographs of the tower at night from being published^[23] as well as hindering non profit and semi-commercial publication of images of the tower.

In a recent decision, the Court of Cassation ruled that copyright could not be claimed over images including a copyrighted building if the photograph encompassed a larger area. The Court of Cassation ( Cour de cassation in French) is the main Court of last resort in France. This seems to indicate that SNTE cannot claim copyright on photographs of Paris incorporating the lit tower.

In some jurisdictions, this claim of copyright is explicitly disallowed. In Irish copyright law, works "permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public" may be freely included in visual reproductions. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Copyright law of the Republic of Ireland is applicable to most typical copyright situations (films sound recordings books etc ^[24]

In popular culture

Main article: Eiffel Tower in popular culture

As a global landmark, the Eiffel Tower is featured in media including films, video games, and television shows.

Lattice towers taller than Eiffel Tower

Name	Pinnacle height		Year	Country	Town	Remarks
Kiev TV Tower	1263 ft	385 m	1973	Ukraine	Kiev	Tallest lattice tower of the world
Tashkent Tower	1230 ft	374. The Kiev TV Tower (Телевізійна вежа Televiziina vezha) is a 385-meter (1263-foot lattice Steel Tower built in 1973 in A lattice tower is a freestanding steel framework Tower. It is used as a pylon especially for voltages above 100 kilovolts as a radio tower (a self-radiating The TV Tower of Tashkent is a 375 meter high tower located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. 9 m	1985	Uzbekistan	Tashkent
Pylons of Yangtze River Crossing	1137 ft	346. The Yangtze River Crossing may refer to one of three overhead power lines crossing the Yangtze River, China. 5m	2003	People’s Republic of China	Jiangyin	2 towers, tallest pylons in the world
Dragon Tower	1102 ft	336 m	2000	People’s Republic of China	Harbin
Tokyo Tower	1091 ft	332. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Long Ta (also known as Dragon Tower) (Chinese 龙塔 Pinyin lóng tǎ in Harbin, China is a tall Tower of lattice steel used for communication Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES is a communications tower located in Shiba Park, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. 6 m	1958	Japan	Tokyo
Emley Moor transmitting station	1084 ft	330. Emley Moor is an area of Moorland in the village of Emley, in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England (national grid reference SE222128 4 m	1971	United Kingdom	West yorkshire, England
WITI TV Tower	1078 ft	329 m	1962	U. The WITI Tower was completed in August 1962 and was briefly the tallest free-standing Tower in the world rising 1078 feet S.	Shorewood, Wisconsin
WSB TV Tower	1075 ft	327. WSB TV Tower is a 3276 metres tall free-standing Lattice tower at Atlanta Georgia, USA. 6 m	1957	U. S.	Atlanta, Georgia

Architectural structures in France taller than Eiffel Tower

Name	Pinnacle height	Year	Structure type	Town	Remarks
Longwave transmitter Allouis	350 m	1974	Guyed Mast	Allouis
HWU transmitter	350 m	?	Guyed Mast	Rosnay	Multiple masts
Viaduc de Millau	343 m	2004	Bridge Pillar	Millau
TV Mast Niort-Maisonnay	330 m	?	Guyed Mast	Niort
Transmitter Le Mans-Mayet	342 m	1993	Guyed Mast	Mayet
Transmitter Roumoules	330 m	1974	Guyed Mast	Roumoules	spare transmission mast for longwave, insulated against ground

Similar towers and reproductions

Similar towers (not scale models)

In order of decreasing height:

• CN Tower, Toronto, Canada — At 553. The Allouis longwave transmitter first entered service as France 's central Longwave Transmitter, in 1939 HWU transmitter is a French facility for transmitting orders to submerged submarines of the French Navy. The Millau Viaduct (le Viaduc de Millau) is a large cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the River Tarn near Millau The TV Mast Niort-Maisonnay is a 330 metre high guyed mast for TV transmission in Maisonnay, near Niort, France at 46°11'33"N The transmitter Le Mans-Mayet is a 342 metre high guyed mast for TV- and FM-radio transmission near Le Mans, France at 0°19'E and 47°45'N The Roumoules transmitter is the main Broadcasting facility for long- and medium wave broadcasting of Radio Monte Carlo near Roumoules France. The longwave Radio band is a range of frequencies used for AM broadcasting, which extends from 148 The CN Tower, located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and tourist Tower standing tall Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page 33 m, the world's second tallest freestanding tower.
• Kiev TV Tower, Kiev, Ukraine — At 385 m, the world's tallest lattice tower, with no observation deck for visitors. The Kiev TV Tower (Телевізійна вежа Televiziina vezha) is a 385-meter (1263-foot lattice Steel Tower built in 1973 in Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.
• Riga Radio and TV Tower, Riga, Latvia — 368. Riga Radio and TV Tower (Rīgas radio un televīzijas tornis in Riga, Latvia is the tallest structure in the Baltic countries Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. 5 m concrete tower on three legs.
• Macau Tower, Macau SAR — 338 m, with observation deck at 237. Macau Tower ( also known as Macau Sky Tower, is a Tower located in the former Portuguese colony of Macau, now a Special For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. 62 m and with the highest bungee jump in the world at 233 m.
• Dragon Tower, Harbin — a 336 m high lattice tower at Harbin, China. The Long Ta (also known as Dragon Tower) (Chinese 龙塔 Pinyin lóng tǎ in Harbin, China is a tall Tower of lattice steel used for communication ( Russian Kharbin) is a Sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China.
• Tokyo Tower, Tokyo, Japan — 9 m higher than the original (33 m if the TV antenna is included). is a communications tower located in Shiba Park, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
• Yerevan TV Tower, Yerevan, Armenia — 311. Yerevan TV Tower is a 3117-metre high lattice Tower on Nork Hill in Yerevan, Armenia. Yerevan (Երևան Երեւան or Երեվան ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani 7 m high lattice tower built from 1974 to 1977.
• Saint Petersburg TV Tower, Saint Petersburg, Russia — 310 m lattice tower without observation deck. The Saint Petersburg TV Tower is a 310 metre high lattice steel tower in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
• Star Tower, Cincinnati, Ohio — 291. The Star Tower is a 956 foot (2914 m high transmitting tower for TV and FM in Cincinnati Ohio at. 4 m transmission tower, without observation deck.
• Qingdao TV Tower, China — 232 m TV tower with observation deck. Qingdao TV Tower is a 232 metres tall lattice Transmission tower with an observation deck situated on the top of 116 metres high Taiping Hill in Julin Hill Park in Qingdao China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
• Crystal Palace Transmitter, London, England — 222 m TV tower without observation deck, nicknamed London's Eiffel Tower. The Crystal Palace transmitting station is a Broadcasting and Telecommunications site in the Crystal Palace area of the London Borough of Bromley London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed
• Brasilia TV Tower, Brasilia, Brazil — 224 m lattice tower with an observation deck at a height of 75 m. Brasília's TV Tower was built in 1965 with 218 m but in 1987 received more 6 m from the TV channel Bandeirantes Brasília (bɾaˈziliɐ is the Capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country along a Plateau |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld
• Guangzhou TV Tower, Guangzhou, China — A 217 m high TV tower of lattice steel. Guangzhou Tower is a 217 metres tall lattice Telecommunication tower in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou with an observation deck Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
• Blosenbergturm, Beromünster, Switzerland — A 217 m high mast radiator used for broadcasting of DRS-1 on mediumwave frequency 531 kHz. The Blosenbergturm is a transmitting tower in Beromünster, Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, built in 1937 for the German language Beromünster is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation SRG SSR idée suisse is the Swiss Public broadcasting organisation founded in 1931. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second.
• Nagoya TV Tower, Nagoya, Japan — 180 m
• Odinstårnet, Odense, Denmark — A 177 meter high lattice tower, destroyed in 1944
• The Spire The Arts Centre (Melbourne), Melbourne Australia — built in 1996 at a height of 163 m and is illuminated with roughly 6,600 metres (21,653 feet) of optic fibre tubing, 150 m (492 ft) of neon tubing on the mast and 14,000 incandescent lamps on the spire's skirt. The is an electric wave tower in Nagoya. It is the oldest TV tower in Japan, and was completed in 1954. is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Odinstårnet ( The Odin Tower) was an Observation tower located on Bolbro Bakke ( Bolbro Hill) in Odense, Denmark. The city of Odense (Danish ˈoð̞ˀn̩sə) is the fourth largest city in Denmark. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Arts Centre is a complex of Theatres and concert halls in the Southgate precinct of Melbourne, Victoria Australia, designed by architect Sir Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The metal webbing of the spire is also influenced by the billowing of a ballerina's tutu.
• Transmitter Ismaning, Ismaning, Germany — 163 m, a wooden radio tower in shape similar to Eiffel Tower (and nicknamed "Bavarian Eiffel Tower") was built in 1934. The Transmitter Ismaning is a large radio station inaugurated in 1932 Ismaning is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany. It is located near Munich at, and has 14638 inhabitants Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ^[25] In 1983 this tower was demolished, because it was of bad structural state.
• Blackpool Tower, Blackpool, England — 158 m (519 ft); it is not quite a free-standing structure as it stands above the Tower Circus complex, where the four "legs" can be seen. Blackpool Tower is a tourist attraction in Blackpool, Lancashire in England which was opened to the public on 14 May 1894. Blackpool (/ˈblækˌpul is a seaside town in Lancashire, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• Mesquite Tower, Mesquite, Texas — 155. Mesquite Tower is a free-standing lattice tower at Mesquite Texas, USA at 32°45'46 Mesquite is a city in Dallas and Kaufman Counties in the US state of Texas and a Suburb of Dallas. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. 3 m transmission tower, without observation deck.
• Croydon Transmitter — A 152 m transmission tower in London, without observation deck
• Radio Tower Berlin, Berlin, Germany — 150 m transmission tower with observation deck. The Croydon transmitting station (also known as the NTL Tower is a Broadcasting and Telecommunications facility located in Upper Norwood London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Berliner Funkturm or Funkturm Berlin (Radio Tower Berlin is a transmitting tower in Berlin, built between 1924 and 1926 by Heinrich Straumer. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed Sometimes nicknamed as a copy of the Eiffel Tower, although the two structures are not too similar. The Radio Tower Berlin is the only observation tower whose feet are insulated from the ground.
• Sapporo TV Tower, Sapporo, Japan — 147 m. The, built in 1957 is a 1472 Metre high TV Tower with an observation deck at a height of 90 is the fifth-largest city in Japan by population It is the capital of Hokkaidō Prefecture, located in Ishikari Subprefecture, and an For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
• Gliwice Radio Tower, Gliwice, Poland — 118 m. The Gliwice Radio Tower is the transmission tower of the Gliwice, Upper Silesia, Poland, radio station situated on Tarnogórska Road in Szobiszowice Gliwice (Gleiwitz is an industrial City in southern Poland with 200361 inhabitants (2004 on the Kłodnica River about 20 km to the west from Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland This tower, which is built of wood without iron parts and is today world's tallest wooden structure, was nicknamed until 1945 "Silesian Eiffel Tower" by local population.
• AWA Tower, Sydney, Australia — 101 m, 46 m on top of a 55 m building, built in 1938-39. The AWA Tower is an office and communications complex in Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia built for Amalgamated Wireless Australasia Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
• Beppu Tower, Beppu, Japan — 100 m^[26]
• Zendstation Zwollerkerspel — 90 m radio tower. is a 100-metre-tall (328 ft Lattice tower located in Beppu Ōita, Japan. is a city located in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū, Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
• Tour métallique de Fourvière, Lyon, France — 85. The Tour métallique de Fourvière ("Metallic tower of Fourvière" a landmark of Lyon, France, is a steel framework tower which bears a striking resemblance ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. 7 m lattice tower built from 1892 to 1894. A lattice tower is a freestanding steel framework Tower. It is used as a pylon especially for voltages above 100 kilovolts as a radio tower (a self-radiating Used until 1953 as an observation tower, but is now a TV tower — closed to visitors.
• Torre del Reformador, Guatemala City, Guatemala — 75 m. The Torre del Reformador (Tower of the Reformer is a 75 metre (246 ft Guatemala City (in full La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción; locally known as Guatemala or Guate) is the Capital and largest city of the Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest
• Hot Springs Mountain Tower, 65. Hot Springs Mountain Tower is a 658 metre high observation tower built of lattice steel on Hot Springs Mountain at Hot Springs Arkansas, USA 80 metre high, complete with observation deck.
• Brookmans Park Transmitter — two 60. The Brookmans Park transmitting station is a facility for medium wave broadcasting north of London ( 96 metre high lattice towers, insulated against ground
• Petřínská rozhledna, Prague, Czech Republic — 60 m, built in 1891. The Petřínská rozhledna (Petřín lookout tower is a 60 metre high steel framework tower in Prague, which strongly resembles the Eiffel Tower. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia,
• Bachtel Tower, Hinwil, Switzerland — 60 m, built in 1986. Bachtel Tower ( German Bachtelturm) is a 60 metre tall radio tower on 1116 metre high Bachtel mountain nearHinwil Switzerland Hinwil is a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation
• Wiesbaden Bismarck Tower, Wiesbaden, Germany — 50 m tall wooden lattice observation tower, built in 1910 and demolished in 1918. The Wiesbaden Bismarck Tower was previously one of approximately 240 monuments built in honour of Bismarck Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
• Watkin's Tower, Wembley Park, London, England — never completed, demolished in 1907. Watkin's Tower was a partially-completed building in London, England also known as "Watkin's Folly " or "the London Stump" Wembley Park is a suburb in North London, England. It is located to the north-west of Neasden, north-east of Wembley and south of London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• Joseph's Cross, Stollberg/Harz, Germany — 38 m observation tower in form of a double cross. Joseph's Cross (German Josephskreuz) is an Observation tower in form of a double cross on the 580 metre high Auerberg near Stollberg ( Harz Stollberg is a town in the Free State of Saxony, in the district Erzgebirgskreis. The Harz is a mountain range in central Germany It is the highest mountain chain in northern Germany occupying parts of the German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
• Lemberg Tower, Lemberg Mountain, Germany — 33 m observation tower of lattice steel, built in 1899
• Gehrenberg Tower, Deggenhausertal, Germany — 30 m observation tower of lattice steel, built in 1903
• Salzgitter Bismarck Tower, Salzgitter, Germany — 17 m tall observation tower consisting of 5 metres tall stone basement and 12 metres tall lattice tower built in 1900. Lemberg is a Mountain located in the Tuttlingen district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Gehrenberg Tower is a 30 metres tall observation tower of lattice steel onGehrenberg a 704 metres high mountain north of Markdorf at 47°44'10" N and 9°24'14" E The Salzgitter Bismarck Tower is an Observation tower completed in 1900 in Salzgitter, Germany. Salzgitter ( is a city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
• Mount Gorbea Summit Cross - a 17. 2 metres tall summit cross on Mount Gorbea
• Tour du Belvédère — a small observation tower in Mulhouse, Alsace, France. The Tour du Belvédère is a 20 metre tall Observation tower located on Belvédère mountain near Mulhouse in Alsace, France.
• Woodwards Building, Vancouver, Canada — A small reproduction on the roof of the building was topped by a signature neon "W". Woodward's was the name of a department store which operated in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada for one hundred years before its sale to the Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Vietnam roofjpg|thumb|The roofs of Vietnam.]] A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a Building. This building has been demolished, only a small section of the facade remains. It will be replaced by condos and some low-income housing.
• Hashawha Tower, Westminster, Maryland — This is a windmill that was donated to the Hashawha Bear Branch Nature Center. The Hashawha Tower is a windmill that was donated to the Hashawha Bear Branch Nature Center in Westminster Maryland. Westminster is the County seat of Carroll County, Maryland, United States. Standing at about 10 m (35 ft) tall, there are pegs on the side to climb up on, and there is a very small observation deck at the top which has an excellent view of the surrounding area.
• Kings Island Amusement Park, Mason, Ohio — ~100 m (~328 ft, scale 1:3) 39°20′36″N, 84°16′1″W
• Kings Dominion Amusement Park, Doswell, Virginia — 84 m (275 ft, scale 1:3. Kings Island is a 364-acre (15 km² Theme park located in the city of Mason, in Warren County Ohio, USA. Mason is a city in southwestern Warren County, Ohio, United States. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Kings Dominion is a amusement park located in Doswell in Hanover County 23 miles (37 km north of Richmond Virginia and 83 miles (134 km south of Doswell is an unincorporated community in Hanover County in the Central Region of the U The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state 59)
• Da Lat Television Tower, Dalat, Vietnam —~80 m. Da Lat, or Dalat, (pop 120000, spelled Đà Lạt in Vietnamese) is the capital of Lâm Đồng Province in Vietnam. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially

Reproductions

In order of decreasing height:

• In front of the Paris Las Vegas hotel/casino on the Las Vegas Strip, Paradise, Nevada, near Las Vegas, Nevada — 165 m (540 ft, scale 1:2). Paris Las Vegas is a Hotel and Casino located on the famed Las Vegas Strip in Paradise Nevada, USA, that is owned and operated by The Las Vegas Strip (also known as The Strip) is an approximately 4 mile (6 Paradise is a Census-designated place (CDP in Clark County, Nevada, United States and a major suburb of Las Vegas. Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally 36°6′45″N, 115°10′20″W
• Tianducheng, Hangzhou, China ~108 m [1] [2] 30°23′6.72″N, 120°14′36.60″E
• Shenzhen, China — ~100 m (~328 ft, scale 1:3) 22°32′13.33″N, 113°58′9.51″E

• Slobozia, Romania — 54 m (177 ft)
• In Parizh, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Nagaybaksky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Shenzhen is a city of sub-provincial administrative status in southern China's Guangdong province situated immediately China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Kings Island is a 364-acre (15 km² Theme park located in the city of Mason, in Warren County Ohio, USA. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Slobozia is the capital city of the Ialomiţa county Romania. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Chelyabinsk Oblast (Челя́бинская о́бласть Chelyabinskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Nagaybaksky District (Нагайба́кский райо́н is a district ( Raion) in Chelyabinsk Oblast in Russia. Chelyabinsk Oblast (Челя́бинская о́бласть Chelyabinskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Built by South Ural Cell Telephone company as a cellphone tower — 50 m (164 ft) 53°17′51.02″N, 60°5′59.46″E
• In Zoo, Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Wooden replica — 50 m (164 ft) 55°40′19.16″N, 12°31′24.70″E
• Fayetteville, North Carolina — The Bordeaux Tower is about 45 m (150 ft) featuring an elevator that takes people to the top for a small view. Fayetteville is a city located in Cumberland County, North Carolina.
• Walt Disney World's Epcot theme park in Lake Buena Vista, Florida (at the France Pavilion in World Showcase) — 23  (76 ft, scale 1:10)^[27]
• Paris, Texas — 20 m (65 ft)
• Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee) in Paris, Tennessee — about 20 m (60 ft) tall. Walt Disney World Resort is the most visited and largest recreational resort in the world containing four Theme parks two Water parks twenty-three themed hotels Epcot is a Theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort. The park is dedicated to international Culture and technological Innovation. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group Lake Buena Vista is a city in Orange County, Florida, United States. Epcot is a Theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort. The park is dedicated to international Culture and technological Innovation. Paris is a city located 98 miles (158 km northeast of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex in Lamar County, Texas, in the United States. Tennessee's Eiffel Tower is a landmark in the city of Paris. Built in the early 1990s this structure is a scale model of the Eiffel Tower in Paris Paris is a city in Henry County, Tennessee, 86 miles (138 km west of Nashville, on a fork of the West Sandy River.
• As a Meccano model, housed at the Technology Museum of Georgia (Atlanta, Georgia) — 11 m (36 t)^[28]
• On the roof of the catering company Rungis Express in Meckenheim and Satteldorf, Germany -(height unknown)
• Centerpiece of the Falconcity of Wonders — a planned new development project in Dubai. Meccano is a model Construction kit comprising re-usable Metal strips plates angle Girders Wheels axles and Meckenheim is a town in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Satteldorf is a town in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Falconcity of Wonders is a project to build a city in Dubai with replicas of the Seven wonders of the world plus modern wonders such as the Eiffel tower Dubai (in دبيّ,) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE UAE, featuring seven modern wonders of the world (planned). ^[29] 25°5′43.8″N, 55°20′31.5″E (approximate coordinates)
• Mini-Europe, Brussels, a 12. Mini-Europe is a park located in Bruparck at the foot of the Atomium in Brussels, Belgium. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is 96 m model (a proportion of 1:25 to the original).
• Model on the roof of the Rue De Paris cafe in Brisbane, Australia — (roughly 12 m tall)
• Model in indoor theme park in Genting Highlands, Malaysia
• In Austin, Texas there is a 7. Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. 5 m (25 ft) tall replica at the Dreyfus Antique Shop.
• An 18 m model in Filiatra, Messinia, Greece, at the entrance of the village ^[30][31]
• Paris, Michigan; approximately 3 m (10 ft) tall and in a park
• Golden Sands (Varna) sea resort, Bulgaria - A tower in comparsion 1:10 is built in the town as a tourist attraction. Filiatra (Greek Φιλιατρά is a town located in western Messenia. Messenia or Messinia (Μεσσηνία is a prefecture in the Peloponnese, a region of Greece.
• Kazakhstan, Aktau - model at the front of the office of "Oil Construction Company"

Broadcasting stations

FM-Radio

Programme	Frequency	ERP
France Inter
Regional	90,35 MHz	3 kW
France Culture	93,35 MHz	3 kW
France Musique	97,6 MHz	3 kW

TV

Programme	Channel-Number	Frequency	ERP
Canal+	6	182,25 MHz	100 kW
France 2	22	479,25 MHz	500 kW
TF1	25	503,25 MHz	500 kW
France 3	28	527,25 MHz	500 kW
France 5	30	543,25 MHz	100 kW
M6	33	567,25 MHz	100 kW

Other structures carrying this name

• Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee)
• Eiffel Tower Co-op in Hackensack, New Jersey, USA^[32]

See also

• List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
• List of tallest buildings and structures in Paris
• The 72 names on the Eiffel Tower
• List of towers
• List of tallest freestanding structures in the world

References

Further reading

• 1889 La Tour Eiffel et L’Exposition Universelle, Musee d’Orsay, May 16- August 15, 1989 [exhibition catalog]. Paris: Editions de la Reunion des Musees Nationaux, 1989
• Frémy, Dominique, Quid de la Tour Eiffel, Robert Lafont, Paris (1989) — out of print
• Engineering. Dominique Frémy ( 1931 &ndash October 2, 2008) was the creator of the Quid Encyclopedia. The Paris Exhibition, May 3, 1889 (Vol. XLVII). London : Office for Advertisements and Publication.
• Watson, William. Paris Universal Exposition: Civil Engineering, Public Works, and Architecture. Washington [DC], Government Printing Office, 1892.

Gallery

Northwest from the tower, across the River Seine, showing the Trocadéro gardens and the Palais de Chaillot. The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie The Trocadéro, site of the Palais de Chaillot, is an area of Paris, in the 16th ''arrondissement'', across the Seine from the Eiffel Tower The Trocadéro, site of the Palais de Chaillot, is an area of Paris, in the 16th ''arrondissement'', across the Seine from the Eiffel Tower A pleasure boat cruises on the river.	From the highest platform.	The Eiffel Tower from below.	Eiffel Tower while France was bidding for the 2012 Olympic Games, summer 2005
The lace-like iron detailing	The Tower is made from 18,038 pieces of puddled iron.	Eiffel tower on Bastille Day	The Eiffel Tower taken shortly after the end of World War II, in June of 1945

External links

• Official website of the Eiffel Tower (French)
• English version (English)
• Eiffel Tower in the Structurae database
• Mechanical Engineering Magazine: Deconstructing Eiffel
• Reconstructing the Eiffel Tower in CATIA ,3DXML file to download and CG Images
• 3D render of the Eiffel Tower for use in Google Earth
• The first transmitters at Eiffel Tower

• Eiffel Tower is at coordinates 48°51′30″N 2°17′40″E / 48.8583, 2.2945 (Eiffel Tower)Coordinates: 48°51′30″N 2°17′40″E / 48.8583, 2.2945 (Eiffel Tower)

Preceded by Washington Monument

World's tallest structure 1889—1931 300. Bastille Day is the French national holiday, celebrated on 14 July each year. Structurae is an online Database containing works of structural and Civil engineering of all kinds such as Bridges High-rise buildings A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Washington Monument is a large tall sand-colored Obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington D While determining the world's tallest structure has generally been straightforward the definition of the world's tallest building or the 24m

Succeeded by Chrysler Building

The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco Skyscraper in New York City, located on the east side of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd

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