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Eidetic memory, photographic memory, or total recall is the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with extreme accuracy and in abundant volume. In Psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store retain and subsequently retrieve information An image (from Latin imago) or picture is an artifact usually two-dimensional that has a similar appearance to some subject &mdashusually Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies In Psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store retain and subsequently retrieve information The word eidetic (pronounced /aɪˈdɛtɨk/) means related to extraordinarily detailed and vivid recall of visual images, and comes from the Greek word είδος (eidos), which means "form". Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Plato 's Theory of Forms asserts that Forms (or Ideas) and not the material world of change known to us through sensation, possess [1] Eidetic memory can have a very different meaning for memory experts who use the picture elicitation method to detect it. Eidetic memory as observed in children is typified by the ability of an individual to study an image for approximately 30 seconds, and maintain a nearly perfect photographic memory of that image for a short time once it has been removed--indeed such eidetikers claim to "see" the image on the blank canvas as vividly and in as perfect detail as if it were still there.

Although many adults have demonstrated extraordinary memory abilities, before this finding, it was previously unknown whether true eidetic memory can persist into adulthood. [2][3][4][5] While many artists and composers such as Claude Monet and Mozart are commonly thought to have had eidetic memory, it is possible that their memories simply became highly trained in their respective fields of art, as they each devoted large portions of their waking hours towards the improvement of their abilities. The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating Claude Monet ( French klod mɔnɛ also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (14 November 1840 &ndash 5 December 1926 was a founder [6] Such a focus on their individual arts most likely improved the relevant parts of their memory, which may account for their surprising abilities.

Contents

People with eidetic memory

A number of people claim to have eidetic memory, but until 2008, nearly no one had been tested and documented as having a memory that is truly photographic in a literal sense. [7] Regardless, a number of individuals with extraordinary memory that have been labeled by some as eidetikers. [8]

Memory records

Guinness World Records lists people with extraordinary memories. Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U For example, on July 2, 2005, Akira Haraguchi managed to recite pi's first 83,431 decimal places from memory and more recently to 100,000 decimal places in 16 hours (October 4, 2006). Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Akira Haraguchi (原口 證 (born 1946 a retired Japanese engineer currently working as a mental health counsellor and business consultant in Mobara City, is known IMPORTANT NOTICE Please note that Wikipedia is not a database to store the millions of digits of π please refrain from adding those to Wikipedia as it could cause technical problems The 2004 World Memory Champion Ben Pridmore memorized the order of cards in a randomly shuffled 52-card deck in 31. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The World Memory Championships is an organized competition of mental sports in which competitors memorize as much information as possible within a given period Ben Pridmore, born October 14, 1976 in Boston, England, was the World Memory Champion in 2004. 03 seconds. The authors of the Guinness Book of Records, Norris and Ross McWhirter, had extraordinary memory, in that they could recall any entry in the book on demand, and did so weekly in response to audience questions on the long-running television show Record Breakers. Norris Dewar McWhirter, CBE ( August 12 1925 – April 19 2004) was a Writer, political activist, co-founder Alan Ross McWhirter ( 12 August, 1925 – 27 November, 1975) known as Ross McWhirter was with his identical twin brother Norris McWhirter Record Breakers was a British Guinness Book of Records themed children's TV show produced by the BBC and originally presented by However, such results can be duplicated using mental images and the "method of loci". The Method of Loci is a technique for memorizing many things and has been practiced since Classical antiquity.

Some individuals with autism display extraordinary memory, including those with related conditions such as Asperger's syndrome. Language development. The terminology Asperger syndrome (also called Asperger's syndrome, Asperger's disorder, Asperger's or AS) is the Autism spectrum disorder (ASD Autistic savants are a rarity but they, in particular, show signs of spectacular memory. Savant syndrome —sometimes abbreviated as savantism —is not a recognized medical diagnosis but researcher Darold Treffert defines it as a rare condition in which persons with However, most individuals with a diagnosis of autism do not possess eidetic memory.

Synesthesia has also been credited as an enhancement of auditory memory, but only for information that triggers a synesthetic reaction. Synesthesia (also spelled synæsthesia or synaesthesia, plural synesthesiae or synaesthesiae)—from the Ancient Greek (syn meaning "with" However, some synesthetes have been found to have a more acute than normal "perfect color" sense with which they are able to match color shades nearly perfectly after extended periods of time, without the accompanying synesthetic reaction.

Many people who generally have a good memory claim to have eidetic memory. However, there are distinct differences in the manner in which information is processed. People who have a generally capable memory often use mnemonic devices to retain information while those with eidetic memory remember very specific details, such as where a person was standing, etc. They may recall an event with great detail while those with a normal memory remember daily routines rather than specific details that may have interrupted a routine.

Also, it is not uncommon that some people may experience 'sporadic eidetic memory', where they may describe a rather limited number of memories in very close detail. These sporadic occurrences of eidetic memory are not triggered consciously in most cases.

Fiction

Main article: List of People in fiction with claimed eidetic memory

Works of fiction often have characters with extraordinary memory. Eidetic memory (also called photographic memory is described in many works of fiction Characters with eidetic memory are found in written works, film, television, and games.

Controversy

Dr. Babylon 5 is an American science fiction television series created produced and largely written by J Marvin Minsky, in his book The Society of Mind, was unable to verify claims of eidetic memory and considered reports of eidetic memory to be an "unfounded myth". Marvin Lee Minsky (born August 9, 1927) is an American cognitive scientist in the field of Artificial intelligence (AI co-founder The Society of Mind is a book and theory of natural intelligence as written and developed by Marvin Minsky.

Support for the belief that eidetic memory could be a myth was supplied by the psychologist Adriaan de Groot, who conducted an experiment into the ability of chess Grandmasters to memorize complex positions of chess pieces on a chess board. Adrianus Dingeman (Adriaan de Groot ( Santpoort, 26 October 1914 &ndash Schiermonnikoog, 14 August 2006 was a Dutch Chess master and Psychologist Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. Initially it was found that these experts could recall surprising amounts of information, far more than non-experts, suggesting eidetic skills. However, when the experts were presented with arrangements of chess pieces that could never occur in a game, their recall was no better than the non-experts, implying that they had developed an ability to organise certain types of information, rather than possessing innate eidetic ability.

Some people attribute exceptional powers of memory to enhanced memory techniques as opposed to any kind of innate difference in the brain. However, support for the belief that eidetic memory is a real phenomenon has been supplied by some studies. Charles Stromeyer studied his future wife Elizabeth who could recall poetry written in a foreign language that she did not understand years after she had first seen the poem. She also could recall random dot patterns with such fidelity as to combine two patterns into a stereoscopic image. [17] She remains the only person to have passed such a test. You can test yourself by examining the bottom pair of the exemplar Julesz random-dot stereograms in this Wiki without a stereoscope or without crossing your eyes to view them stereoscopically. A Random Dot Stereogram (RDS is a technique created by Dr Bela Julesz, described in the book Foundations of Cyclopean Perception. Stereoscopy, stereoscopic imaging or 3-D (three-dimensional imaging is any technique capable of recording three-dimensional visual There are more complex figures in Foundations of Cyclopean Perception, a book on such patterns by Bela Julesz. Foundations of Cyclopean Perception (ISBN 0-226-41527-9 is a book by Bela Julesz, published in 1971 Béla Julesz ( February 19, 1928 &ndash December 31, 2003) was a visual neuroscientist and experimental psychologist in the fields of visual [18]

A.R. Luria wrote a famous account, Mind of a Mnemonist, of a subject with a remarkable memory, S.V. Shereshevskii; among various extraordinary feats, he could memorize lengthy lists of random words and recall them perfectly decades later. Alexander Romanovich Luria Александр Романович Лурия ( July 16, 1902 - August 14, 1977) was a famous Soviet Solomon Veniaminovich Shereshevskii (1886 - 1958 (Соломон Шерешевский also known simply as 'S' ('Ш' was a Russian journalist and Mnemonist. Luria believed the man had effectively unlimited recall; Shereshevskii is believed by some to be a prodigious savant like Peek. However, it is possible that he used memory techniques as well.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Eidetic. In Neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of the connection or Synapse, between two Neurons to change in strength. Savant syndrome —sometimes abbreviated as savantism —is not a recognized medical diagnosis but researcher Darold Treffert defines it as a rare condition in which persons with Hyperthymesia or hyperthymestic syndrome is a condition where the affected individual has a superior autobiographical Memory. A mnemonic device (nəˈmɒnɪk is a Memory aid Commonly met mnemonics are often verbal something such as a very short poem or a special word used to help a person remember Absolute pitch (AP widely referred to as perfect pitch, is the ability of a person to identify or recreate a Musical Note without the benefit of a known Ayumu (Born in 2000 is a chimpanzee currently living at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University. American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language ( AHD) is an American Dictionary of the English language published by (2000). Retrieved on 2007-12-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian
  2. ^ Taking a Picture of Good Memory Newspaper article; The Washington Times, October 2, 2003
  3. ^ Ask the Expert: Is there such a thing as a photographic memory? Scientific American. Retrieved on 2007-03-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving
  4. ^ The Truth About Photographic Memory. Retrieved on 2006-03.
  5. ^ Joseph Foer. No One Has a Photographic Memory. Retrieved on 2006-04-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
  6. ^ Monet painted from memory. Retrieved on 2007-05-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
  7. ^ No One Has a Photographic Memory.
  8. ^ Is there such a thing as a photographic memory? Scientific American. Retrieved on 2007-03-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving
  9. ^ Sartori, E. (1999). Histoire des grands scientifiques français (in French). Plon. ISBN 2259190715.  
  10. ^ Toulouse, E. , 1910. Henri Poincaré. Jules Henri Poincaré ( 29 April 1854 &ndash 17 July 1912) (ˈʒyl ɑ̃ˈʁi pwɛ̃kaˈʁe was a French Mathematician - (Source biography in French)
  11. ^ Treffert, Darold (1989). Extraordinary People: understanding "idiot savants". New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0060159456.  
  12. ^ David Martin, Savants: Charting "islands of genius" CNN broadcast September 14, 2006
  13. ^ Memory man left pi and dry (1998-03-08). Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. BBC News. Last accessed 2007-11-14
  14. ^ Cheney, Margaret, "Tesla: Man Out of Time", 1979. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca ISBN
  15. ^ http://www.lviv-life.com/news/news/36-As_Easy_As_Pi As Easy As Pi
  16. ^ http://www.book.adamant.ua/akt/2slysar4uk/1.htm Ukrainian Book of Records
  17. ^ Stromeyer, C. F. , Psotka, J. (1970). "The detailed texture of eidetic images. ". Nature 225: 346-349. doi:10.1038/225346a0. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  18. ^ ^ Julesz, B. (1971). Foundations of Cyclopean Perception. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-41527-9.

Dictionary

eidetic memory

-noun

  1. The ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with great accuracy and in seemingly unlimited volume.
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