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Hurricane Georges near peak intensity
Hurricane Georges near peak intensity

The effects of Hurricane Georges in the Lesser Antilles were minimal in certain islands and major on others. Hurricane Georges (ʒɔʒ was the seventh tropical storm fourth hurricane and second major hurricane of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season. The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees, are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the Georges had formed on September 15 off the African coast. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. It had quickly strengthened into a Category 4-hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale on September 20 when it struck the Lesser Antilles with 150 mph (240 km/h) winds. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees, are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the The islands affected include Antigua, Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, the United States Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia and St. Maarten. Antigua (ænˈtiːgə an-TEE-gah) is an Island in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region the main Barbuda is an Island in the Eastern Caribbean, and forms part of the state of Antigua and Barbuda. The British Virgin Islands ( BVI) is a British overseas territory, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The United States Virgin Islands is a group of Islands in the Caribbean that are an Insular area of the United States. Montserrat (ˌmɒntsəˈræt is British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629  sq Saint Lucia (ˌseɪnt ˈluːʃɪə is an Island nation in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Saint Martin is a tropical Island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km (186 miles east of Puerto Rico. St. Kitts and Nevis were also affected and sustained the most damage at US$445 million. Saint Kitts (also known more formally as Saint Christopher Island ( Saint-Christophe in French) is an Island in the West Indies NEVIS, or New Exhaust Valve & Intake System, is a type of Internal combustion engine developed by Cesare Bortone in cooperation with the University

Contents

Preparations

Country Fatalities Damage (1998 USD)
Antigua and Barbuda 3 Unknown
St. Kitts and Nevis 5 $445 million
United States Virgin Islands 0 $2 million
British Virgin Islands 0 $9. Antigua (ænˈtiːgə an-TEE-gah) is an Island in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region the main Barbuda is an Island in the Eastern Caribbean, and forms part of the state of Antigua and Barbuda. The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis (also known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis) located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island The United States Virgin Islands is a group of Islands in the Caribbean that are an Insular area of the United States. The British Virgin Islands ( BVI) is a British overseas territory, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. 4 million

Antigua was issued a Hurricane Watch on September 19. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. [1] The hurricane watch was discontinued two days later on September 21. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Several hundred people on the island of Montserrat went into twelve hurricane shelters as Georges passed by with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). Montserrat (ˌmɒntsəˈræt is British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles [2] Montserrat was predicted to be hit directly by Georges. However, Georges shifted to the north and spared the island. 87 people had sought shelter from Georges in the British Virgin Islands before it had passed and food had arrived immediately to all 18 shelters. The British Virgin Islands ( BVI) is a British overseas territory, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. [3] The hurricane watch already in effect for St. Lucia and northward was extended to the US and British Virgin Islands on September 19. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. The, now Hurricane Warning, was discontinued on September 22. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians [4] Georges began to affect the United States Virgin Islands on September 21 as a 150 mph (240 km/h) storm. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. [5] On September 18, a hurricane watch was issued for the island of St. Lucia. Saint Lucia (ˌseɪnt ˈluːʃɪə is an Island nation in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. The watch was dropped to a Tropical Storm Watch on September 20 and discontinued the next day. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. [4]

Impact

Damage around the islands of Antigua and Barbuda was extensive, totaling an unknown number. Georges killed three people and seriously injured five others. 3,338 people were left homeless with about 2,000 homes either damaged or destroyed. Supplies of electricity, telephone services and water were all curtailed by Georges. Both islands' hospitals and airports suffered extensive damage. [1]

No major damage was reported to public buildings in the British Virgin Islands. The British Virgin Islands ( BVI) is a British overseas territory, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. Some of the islands' homes had roofs blown off. The environment suffered major damage. There were many reports of eroded soil in areas where construction was in progress. Some of the soils were planted on roads in mangrove farms and in the sea, which could have potentially killed sea life. Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. [3] National Parks around the islands suffered minor damage except for Queen Elizabeth Park, which had many fallen trees. Queen Elizabeth Park is a municipal park located in Vancouver, British Columbia None of the schools in the area suffered any damage and opened again four days after Georges had passed. There were no fatalities in the islands and one minor injury was reported. There was no major damage to the islands' medical buildings. Pipe damage was found in two areas, but there was no damage to the sewage systems. The total damage in the British Virgin Islands was valued at US$9. 404 million. [3]

Maximum rainfalls were 6. 79 inches at the airport in St. Croix and 5. 26 inches at St. Thomas Airport. 55 boats were sunk on all three islands combined, 35 on St. Thomas, 5 on St. Croix and 15 on St. John. [5] 20 homes on the three islands were destroyed while 50 sustained damage. The low number was probably due to adherence to building codes. Damage was limited to agricultural crops and livestock. [6] The total damage equaled US$2 million. [7]

Driving winds and rains caused moderate flooding and washed out roads around the island. Heavy rains caused mudslides on Montserrat's main volcano. [8] Teams began on September 21 to clean up fallen debris from roads around the island. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Georges shifted ferry services to Antigua and caused the cancellation of a concert on the island. Antigua (ænˈtiːgə an-TEE-gah) is an Island in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region the main [2] The islands of Saba, Saint Maarten and St. SABA was a German manufacturer for electronic equipment from the Black Forest up to the 1980s Saint Martin is a tropical Island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km (186 miles east of Puerto Rico. Eustacius suffered moderate damage from Hurricane Georges. On Saba, the island's hospital lost its roof and patients had to be evacuated to a geriatric home. [9] Later, the geriatric home lost its roof. The water system, airport and utilities were also damaged. In Saint Maarten, roofs were blown from houses, and some boats were sunk. In Saint Eustacius, no communication was possible throughout the island. [9] Winds gusted up to 40 mph (60 km/h) with less than 1/4 of an inch of rain around the island. [10] The island was mildly affected by Georges. The island however did receive $3 million in funds by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development for 15 years of maturity. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD is one of five institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. [11]

Five fatalities were reported due to Georges on St. Kitts and Nevis. The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis (also known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis) located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island [1] The supply of electricity and telephone services were severely affected. The southern tip of St. Kitts, a major tourist site, was left in need of repair. Harbor hotels, ports and airports had extensive damage and 50 percent of the sugar crop was destroyed. [11] Damage in St. Kitts totalled $445 million (1998 USD). [1] US$8. 5 million from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was given to the islands. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD is one of five institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. [11]

Aftermath

The Office of U. S. Foreign Disaster Assistance paid for 11 rolls of plastic sheeting, 1 water bladder and 51 water jugs for Barbuda. Barbuda is an Island in the Eastern Caribbean, and forms part of the state of Antigua and Barbuda. 101 rolls of plastic sheeting, 5 water bladders and 502 water jugs were sent to Antigua. Antigua (ænˈtiːgə an-TEE-gah) is an Island in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region the main Total cost of the items came to about US$500,300. [1]

After Georges passed, cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were found around the British Virgin Islands and other islands nearby. Conjunctivitis (commonly called " Pink Eye " or " Red Eye " in North America and " Madras eye " in India) is an inflammation [12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e CIDI (1998-10-08). The effects of Hurricane Georges in the Dominican Republic in 1998 were some of the worst in the island's recorded history Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Caribbean: Hurricane Georges OFDA-09: Fact Sheet #9. CIDI. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
  2. ^ a b Government of Montserrat (1998). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Montserrat This Week - 012. Government of Montserrat. Retrieved on 2007-08-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
  3. ^ a b c Pan American Health Organisation (1998-11-25). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the IMPACT OF HURRICANE GEORGES ON HEALTH SECTOR RESPONSE. Pan American Health Organisation. Retrieved on 2007-08-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire
  4. ^ a b John L. Guiney (1999-01-05). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Hurricane Georges Preliminary Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on 2007-08-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire
  5. ^ a b NCDC (1998). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Event Record Details - US Virgin Islands - 21 Sep 1998, 06:00:00 AM AST. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River
  6. ^ NOAA (1998). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Georges Pummels Caribbean, Florida Keys, and U.S. Gulf Coast. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-08-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire
  7. ^ Shawn P. Bennett and Rafael Mojica (1998). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) HURRICANE GEORGES PRELIMINARY STORM REPORT. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-08-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire
  8. ^ Montserrat Volcano Observatory (1998). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Scientific Report 96. Montserrat Volcano Observatory. Retrieved on 2007-08-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
  9. ^ a b ReliefWeb (1998). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Hurricane Georges Situation Report #2. ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River
  10. ^ Peronal Accounts (Varies) (1998). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Personal Accounts of Damage in St.Lucia. Caribbean Storm Network.
  11. ^ a b c ReliefWeb (1998). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) World Bank finances emergency recovery and disaster management program for the Caribbean. ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2007-08-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire
  12. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Leads From the Morbidity and Mortality (1998-11-25). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis—St Croix, US Virgin Islands, September-October 1998. American Medical Association. Retrieved on 2007-08-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire
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