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Hurricane Dennis
Category 3 hurricane (SSHS)
Hurricane Dennis on July 10, 2005, at 12:15 p.m

Hurricane Dennis on July 10, 2005, at 12:15 p. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions m
Areas
affected		 Florida
Date July 10, 2005
Highest
winds
115 mph (180 km/h) (1-minute sustained)
140 mph (225 km/h) (gusts)
Fatalities 2 direct, 12 indirect[1]
Damage $1. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. 5 billion (2005 USD)
$1. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 66 billion (2007 USD)
Part of the
2005 Atlantic hurricane season

The effects of Hurricane Dennis in Florida included two direct deaths and $1. 5 billion (2005 USD) in damage. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The tropical wave that became Hurricane Dennis formed on June 29, 2005, and proceeded westward across the Atlantic Ocean. It became a tropical depression on July 4, a tropical storm on July 5, and a hurricane on July 7. Dennis rapidly intensified to attain Category 4 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, and made landfall in Cuba where it weakened to Category 1 status, before re-emerging in the Gulf of Mexico and re–intensifying. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world The storm made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on Santa Rosa Island on July 10. Santa Rosa Island is a 40-mile Barrier island located in the U Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. [1]

As Dennis was impacting Cuba, the outer rainbands affected the Florida Keys causing moderate wind gusts peaking at 87 mph (140 km/h) on Sombrero Key. The Florida Keys are an Archipelago of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. In central Florida, Dennis produced numerous tornadoes, one severely damaging a house. In Punta Gorda, three people were found dead in a car submerged in a ditch flooded by heavy rain. Dennis made landfall in the Florida Panhandle, causing moderate damage, although not as severe as previously predicted. The Florida Panhandle is the region of the state of Florida which includes the westernmost 16 counties Wind gusts peaked at 121 mph (195 km/h), and maximum rainfall reached 7. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. 08 inches (180 mm). Storm surge of 6-9 ft (3. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 3 m) inundated parts of St. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Marks and nearby locations. During the height of the storm, approximately 236,000 customers in the Florida Panhandle were without electric power.

Contents

Preparations

Hurricane Dennis offshore, affecting the Florida Keys with outer rainbands.
Hurricane Dennis offshore, affecting the Florida Keys with outer rainbands.

On July 7, a tropical storm watch was issued for Florida's Gulf coast from Bonita Beach southward, and for Florida's Atlantic coast from Golden Beach to Ocean Reef. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Later that day, a hurricane watch was issued for the Florida Keys and Florida Bay. By 2100 UTC, the hurricane watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning for the Florida Keys. Subsequently, a tropical storm watch was issued for Florida's west coast north of Bonita Beach to Longboat Key which was discontinued at 2100 UTC. At the same time, a hurricane watch was issued for Steinhatchee River, Florida to the mouth of the Pearl River. By 0900 UTC on July 9, the hurricane watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning just prior to the discontinuing of the hurricane watch for the Florida Keys. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. At 2100 UTC on July 9, the tropical storm warning was lifted for Florida's coast from Golden Beach to Flamingo, and for the Florida Keys from the Seven Mile Bridge eastward. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. By July 10, all advisories for the Keys were discontinued and the hurricane warning was downgraded to a tropical storm warning for Florida's coast east of the Ochlockonee River to the Steinhatchee River. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. The Ochlockonee River is a fast running river originating in Georgia, and terminating in Florida. By July 11, all advisories were discontinued. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. [1]

About 50,000 tourists in the Keys were forced to evacuate by July 8. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 [2] Governor Jeb Bush declared a statewide emergency, and evacuations started in the Florida Keys, a highly exposed chain of islands connected to the mainland by a single road and a series of bridges,[3] stating that people "should have enough water, enough food, non-perishable food, batteries of course for 72 hours so people could safely weather the storm". John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American Politician and was the 43rd Governor of Florida [4] Residents of the Florida Keys who did not evacuate were advised to remain indoors due to dangerous weather conditions that were predicted. [5]

At Cape Canaveral, the space shuttle Discovery was considered to be safe on its launching pad after concerns of unfavorable weather, and NASA re-scheduled a liftoff the week after. Cape Canaveral from the Spanish Cabo Cañaveral, is a headland in Brevard County Florida, United States, near the center of that The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Although, shuttle managers eventually decided to begin moving Discovery from the launching pad to ride out the storm. [6] In Miami, the Booker T. Washington Senior High School opened as a voluntary evacuation shelter for all pre-registered special needs residents. [7] Also, the MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa evacuated its aircraft to McConnell Air Force Base near Wichita. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. [7]

In the Florida Panhandle, Governor Jeb Bush warned "This is serious. This is a very dangerous storm. "[5] As Bush announced that hundreds of tractor-trailers would be carrying ice, water and generators to staging areas in north central Florida, he stated "Here we go again", referring to the large number of storms which had threatened Florida in the years prior to Dennis. [8][3] 700,000 people in the Florida panhandle were evacuated in the days prior to Dennis, 100,000 of them in Escambia County alone. [9] As a result of the large evacuations, more than 200 truckloads provided about 1. 8 million gallons of gasoline. [10] The Red Cross put dozens of volunteers on standby to go into regions affected by the storm, and open shelters. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated [11] The Red Cross also moved 60 mobile canteens capable of serving 30,000 hot meals each a day to the staging points of Hattiesburg and Jackson. [12] National guardsmen were mobilized, and four emergency medical teams, each capable of setting up a small field hospital, were on standby. [8] Also, at Eglin Air Force Base, about 20,000 military personnel were evacuated, and at Hurlburt Field, home to Air Force's 16th Special Operations Wing, a mandatory evacuation was ordered for all 15,000 airmen and their families. [13]

Impact

Damage along the beach at Navarre Beach, Florida
Damage along the beach at Navarre Beach, Florida

South Florida and Florida Keys

In southern Florida, damage was mostly limited to moderate wind gusts; in Miami-Dade County, gusty winds knocked out several traffic lights along U.S. Route 1, the only route to and from the Florida Keys. Miami-Dade County (often referred to as simply Miami or Dade) is a County located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida US Route 1 (US 1 is a major north-south US Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. The Florida Keys are an Archipelago of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. [14] A man died in Ft. Lauderdale when he stepped on a downed electrical wire and was electrocuted. Fort Lauderdale, known as the "Venice of America" due to its expansive and intricate Canal system is a city in Broward County, Florida, [15] Also, 100,000 homes in Miami Dade County were without electric power. [14]

In the Florida Keys, Dennis passed to the west as a Category 2 hurricane producing winds of 59 miles per hour (95 km/h) on Carysfort Reef Light. Rainfall peaked at 1. 5 inches (38 mm) in the Monroe County Upper Keys. Damage in the Keys totaled $100,000 (2005 USD), mostly to landscape and electric utility equipment. [16] During the height of the storm, 211,000 customers were without electric power in South Florida and the Keys. [17]

Sand Key reported sustained winds of 62 miles per hour (100 km/h) with a gust to 78 miles per hour (126 km/h) at 0820 UTC on July 9, while the "C-MAN" station at Sombrero Key reported sustained winds of 74 miles per hour (119 km/h) with a gust of 87 miles per hour (140 km/h) at 0800 UTC on July 9 . [1] These strong winds pushed a vintage DC-3 plane about 300 yards (1000 feet) down the tarmac at the Key West airport, which was closed during the storm. [17] Maximum storm surge topped out at 5 feet (1. 5 m). [1] In addition, a man drowned in a rip current off of Hollywood Beach. [18]

One beneficial effect of Hurricane Dennis was the rolling of the former USS Spiegel Grove. Career Spiegel Grove was laid down on 7 September 1954 by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp [19] Spiegel Grove was sunk in Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in an attempt to create an artificial reef. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is a US National Marine Sanctuary in the Florida Keys. In nautical terminology a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water (six fathoms or less at low water However, the ship turned over and landed on the bottom upside down. Efforts to roll the ship were partially successful, bringing it onto its starboard side, but Hurricane Dennis completed the roll, bringing Spiegel Grove into its intended upright position. [19]

Central Florida

Damage was mostly minor and limited to outer rainbands and tornadoes in Central Florida. In the Tampa Bay area, several tornadoes were reported to have touched down causing minor damage such as downed trees and power lines. Tampa Bay is a large natural Harbor and Estuary along the Gulf of Mexico on the western coast of Florida, comprising Old Tampa Bay [17] On July 8, five tornadoes were officially reported, three of which caused damage. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 The most notable one left a path of damage one-half mile wide, severely damaging a house. [20] That same day, a wind gust of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) was reported at Pinellas. [20] On July 9, four tornadoes officially touched down, with the most notable one downing numerous trees and some powerlines. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. [21] In Punta Gorda, three people were found dead in a car submerged in a ditch flooded by heavy rain. Punta Gorda ( Fat Tip in Spanish is a city in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. [22] The road was covered with 6 inches (150 mm) of water and caused the vehicle to hydroplane into a ditch where it flipped upside down. The victims were still wearing their seat belts when found. [23]

Florida Panhandle

A beach house in Navarre Beach, Florida largely destroyed by Hurricane Dennis.
A beach house in Navarre Beach, Florida largely destroyed by Hurricane Dennis.

Hurricane Dennis made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on Santa Rosa Island on July 10. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. At Navarre Beach, sustained winds of 98 miles per hour (158 km/h) were reported with a peak gust of 121 miles per hour (195 km/h), while a tower at the Pensacola Airport reported sustained winds of 82 miles per hour (132 km/h) and a peak gust of 96 miles per hour (154 km/h). Navarre Beach, is an Unincorporated community in Santa Rosa County in the U Pensacola Gulf Coast Regional Airport is a public Airport located 3 miles (5 km northeast of the city of Pensacola in Escambia County, Florida [1] At the Pensacola Airport, a minimum pressure reading of 956. 3 mb was recorded and at Navarre, a pressure reading of 965. 2 mb was seen. Additionally, an unofficial storm chaser reported a minimum pressure of 942 mb at Pace, Florida. Pace is a Census-designated place (CDP in Santa Rosa County, Florida, United States. [1] The most severe property damage occurred from Walton County to Wakulla County, where 1,000 homes were destroyed. Walton County is a County located in the state of Florida. As of 2000 the population was 40601 Wakulla County is a County located in the US state of Florida. Numerous boats were ripped from the dock and either floated out to sea, or were washed ashore. [24] In Mcdavid, the tin roof of the recreation center for Ray's Chapel was ripped off as about 12 people stood in the hallway. [25] Also, several historic sites were damaged or destroyed by Dennis; Angelo's on Ochlockonee Bay, a landmark restaurant, was completely washed away. Beach front cottages on St. Teresa were either damaged or destroyed and several beach dunes on St. George Island were washed away by the pounding surf. St George Island is a part of Franklin County, Florida and is an island in the northern Gulf of Mexico. [26] On Holiday Island, several houses and apartment buildings were severely damaged. [27]

On Santa Rosa Island, the hurricane produced a storm surge of 7 feet (2. Santa Rosa Island is a 40-mile Barrier island located in the U 1 m), over washing parts of the low-lying island on the eastern and western shores. In Apalachee Bay, storm surge of 6-9 feet (3. 3 m) inundated parts of St. Marks and nearby locations, which was higher than previously anticipated and was thought to be enhanced by an oceanic trapped shelf wave that propagated northward along Florida's west coast. [28] As a result, sea water washed ashore up to eight blocks inland. [29] The surge, in combination with the high surf, caused moderate beach erosion and wiped out 80 percent of the sea turtle's nests. Sea turtles ( Superfamily Chelonioidea) are Turtles found in all the world's oceans except the Arctic Ocean. [23] Along the coast, severe beach erosion occurred as a result of the storm, mostly in Walton, Bay, Gulf, Franklin and Wakulla counties. Coastal erosion is the wearing away of land or the removal of Beach or Dune Sediments by Wave action tidal currents, wave currents [30] As a result of the pounding surf, the Navarre pier was ripped apart in two places. [15]

Aerial image of Pensacola Beach, Florida after Dennis moved through.
Aerial image of Pensacola Beach, Florida after Dennis moved through.

Milton received 7. Milton (formerly known as Scratch Ankle for its propensity to grow Briars or Milltown because Milton had the largest Mill around is a city in Santa Rosa County 08 inches (180 mm) of rain, which is the highest reported rainfall total in Florida caused by Dennis. [31] Rainfall across the Florida Panhandle ranged from 3 inches (76 mm) to 7 inches (180 mm), while rainfall across the central and southern portions of the state ranged from 1 inch (25 mm) to 5 inches (130 mm) near Tampa. [32] In southern Leon County, flooding was reported with several areas under 3-4 feet (1. Leon County is a County located in the state of Florida. In 2000 its population was 239452 8 m) of water. At St. George Island, 5 miles (8. 0 km) of road and numerous buildings were damaged or destroyed. [30] Parts of U.S. Route 98 were washed out by flood waters. US Route 98 is an east-west United States highway that runs from southern Florida to western Mississippi. [33]

As a result of the storm, over 236,000 customers in the Florida Panhandle were without electric power. [22] An indirect death occurred when a three-year old boy was accidentally crushed to death when his father ran him over with a car as the family was evacuating. [34] Two more people died from carbon monoxide poisoning in Escambia county. [33] In all, two people were directly killed while several others were killed indirectly,[1] and total damage amounted to $1. 5 billion (2005 USD). [33] Directly after the storm, Bay, Dixie, Franklin, Gulf, Taylor, Wakulla and Walton counties were declared federal disaster areas. Bay County is a County located in the US state of Florida. The U Dixie County is a County located in the US state of Florida. As of 2000 the population was 13827 Franklin County is a coastal County located in the Panhandle of the U Gulf County is a County located in the Panhandle of the US state of Florida. Taylor County is a County located in the state of Florida. As of 2000 the population was 19256 [30]

Aftermath

A radar image of Hurricane Dennis making landfall
A radar image of Hurricane Dennis making landfall

In the aftermath of the hurricane, president George W. Bush declared 13 counties–Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Monroe, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Walton and Washington– in Florida as federal disaster areas. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. [35] Applicants, including units of local government, in 19 counties became eligible for Public Assistance funds for emergency services and debris removal and to help restore or rebuild essential public facilities. [36] On July 10, President Bush ordered the release of federal disaster funds and emergency resources for Florida to aid people effected by Dennis. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. [37] One day after the storm made landfall, four disaster recovery centers were opened by disaster officials, two in Escambia County, and two in Escambia County. [38] Supplies of food, water and ice were supplied from staging areas to distribution centers throughout the Florida Panhandle. The American Red Cross and other voluntary agencies assisted with food and water distribution as well as emergency needs and housing. [39] Subsequently, an additional disaster relief center was opened in Santa Rosa County. [40] Just days after the storm, six additional counties became eligible for federal disaster aid. [41]

Voluntary agencies such as AmeriCorps, the Christian Contractors Association and the United Way provided assistance to residents who have temporary roofing and repair needs. [42] Shortly after, three additional disaster relief centers opened on July 16, with one being in Franklin County, one in Okaloosa County, and another in Wakulla County. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and [43] Within a week, over 2,100 individuals visited the Disaster Recovery Centers in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties. [44] Another disaster recovery center opened in Franklin County on July 7,[45] and by July 18, over $3 million (2005 USD) in individual assistance applications for rental, housing and other needs assistance were approved. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, [46] On July 23, Dixie and Levy counties became eligible federal funds under its Public Assistance program for damages. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. [47] By July 28, all disaster recovery centers ceased operations on Sundays,[48] although on August 4, Gadsden County became eligible for Public Assistance funding. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. [49] Two more disaster recovery centers opened on August 4, one in Dixie County and one in Taylor County. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. [50] By August 18, over $24 million (2005 USD) in individual assistance funds were collected for victims of Hurricane Dennis. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. [51] On October 13, the last disaster recovery centers ceased operations, although individual assistance funds were still being collected. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees [52]

See also

References

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  19. ^ a b FloridaKeys. com. A Fascinating Dive Opportunity Takes a Turn for the Better. FloridaKeys. com. Retrieved on December 10, 2005.
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  23. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2005). Event report for Hurricane Dennis. Retrieved on 2008-03-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty
  24. ^ Herald Tribune (2005). Hurricane Dennis pounds Alabama-Florida coast. Retrieved on 2008-03-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving
  25. ^ John Pacenti, Christina DeNardo, Dara Kam, Robert P. King (2005). Category 3 storm floods, cuts power. Palm Beach Post. Retrieved on 2008-03-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty
  26. ^ Dara Kam (2005). Dozens of historic homes and businesses on Florida's "Forgotten Coast" were damaged or washed away like leaves in the rain during Hurricane Dennis last week.. Palm Beach Post. Retrieved on 2008-03-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving
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  29. ^ IrelandOnLine (2005). Relief as Hurricane Dennis weakens. Retrieved on 2008-03-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving
  30. ^ a b c National Climatic Data Center (2005). Event Report for Hurricane Dennis. Retrieved on 2008-03-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty
  31. ^ USGS (2005). Hydrological impacts of Hurricane Dennis on Florida Panhandle. Retrieved on 2008-03-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty
  32. ^ David Roth (2005). Rainfall summary of Hurricane Dennis. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved on 2008-03-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty
  33. ^ a b c National Climatic Data Center (2005). Event report for Hurricane Dennis. Retrieved on 2008-03-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty
  34. ^ New York Times (2005). Effects of Hurricane Dennis still being felt in United States. Retrieved on 2008-03-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty
  35. ^ Lesly C. Simmons (2005). Gulf Coast Begins Clean Up After Dennis Moves On. Red Cross. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  36. ^ FEMA (2005). Individual Assistance For Dennis Victims Passes $18 Million Mark. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  37. ^ FEMA (2005). President Orders Disaster Aid For Florida Hurricane Victims. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  38. ^ FEMA (2005). Disaster Officials Move Quickly To Open Four Disaster Recovery Centers. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  39. ^ FEMA (2005). Federal and State Assistance Flows into Panhandle. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  40. ^ FEMA (2005). Additional Disaster Recovery Center to Open in Santa Rosa County. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  41. ^ FEMA (2005). Additional Assistance Available to Six Florida Counties. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  42. ^ FEMA (2005). Hurricane Dennis: Relief Efforts Continue to Help Floridians. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  43. ^ FEMA (2005). Three Additional Disaster Recovery Centers Now Open. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  44. ^ FEMA (2005). Hurricane Dennis: Relief Efforts Continue to Help Floridians. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  45. ^ FEMA (2005). Disaster Recovery Center Opens in Carrabelle. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  46. ^ FEMA (2005). More Than $3 Million Approved for Individual Assistance Applicants in Panhandle. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  47. ^ FEMA (2005). Dixie And Levy Counties Receive Public Assistance. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  48. ^ FEMA (2005). Disaster Recovery Centers To Cease Sunday Operations. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  49. ^ FEMA (2005). Gadsden County To Receive Public Assistance. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  50. ^ FEMA (2005). Dixie And Taylor County Disaster Recovery Centers To Open. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  51. ^ FEMA (2005). Individual Assistance For Dennis Victims Approaches $24 Million Mark. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  52. ^ FEMA (2005). Milton Disaster Recovery Center To Close On Friday. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king

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