Edwin Muir (15 May 1887 – 3 January 1959) was an Orcadian^{[1] [2]} poet, novelist and noted translator born on a farm in Deerness on the Orkney Islands. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Deerness ( Old Norse: Dyrnes) is a Quoad sacra parish and peninsula in Mainland Orkney. Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Remembered for his deeply felt and vivid poetry in plain, unostentatious language with few stylistic preoccupations, Muir is a significant modern poet.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Work 3 Works 4 Co-Translations 5 References 6 External links

Biography

In 1901, when he was 14, his father lost his farm, and the family moved to Glasgow. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom In quick succession his father, two brothers, and his mother died within the space of a few years. His life as a young man was a depressing experience, and involved a raft of unpleasant jobs. "He suffered psychologically in a most destructive way, although perhaps the poet of later years benefited from these experiences as much as from his Orkney 'Eden'. " ^[3] In 1919, Muir married Willa Anderson, and the two moved to London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. They would later collaborate on highly acclaimed English translations of such writers as Franz Kafka, Gerhart Hauptmann, Sholem Asch, Heinrich Mann, and Hermann Broch. Gerhart Hauptmann ( November 15, 1862 — June 6, 1946) was a German Dramatist who received the Nobel Prize in Literature Sholem Asch born Szulim Asz (שלום אש also written Shalom Asch (1 November 1880 Kutno - July 10 1957 London was a Polish -born American Luiz (Ludwig Heinrich Mann ( 27 March 1871 &ndash 12 March 1950) was a German novelist who wrote works with social themes whose Hermann Broch ( November 1, 1886 – May 30, 1951) was a 20th century Austrian writer considered one of the major Modernists

Between 1921 and 1923, Muir lived in Prague, Dresden, Italy, Salzburg and Vienna; he returned to England in 1924. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Between 1925 and 1956, Muir published seven volumes of poetry which were collected after his death and published in 1991 as The Complete Poems of Edwin Muir. From 1927 to 1932 he published three novels, and in 1935 he came to St Andrews, where he produced his controversial Scott and Scotland (1936). St Andrews (Cill Rìmhinn is a Town and former Royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland. From 1946-1949 he was Director of the British Council in Prague and Rome. The British Council is a Public Body of the United Kingdom Government which specialises in educational and development opportunities Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 1950 saw his appointment as Warden of Newbattle Abbey College (a college for working class men) in Midlothian, and in 1955 he was made Norton Professor of English at Harvard University. Newbattle Abbey was a Cistercian monastery near the village of Newbattle in Midlothian, Scotland, which has subsequently become a stately Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Midlothian ( Meadhan Lodainn in Gaelic) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. He returned to England in 1956 but died in 1959 at Swaffam Priory, Cambridge and was buried near Cambridge. The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England

Work

His childhood in remote and unspoiled Orkney represented an idyllic Eden to Muir, while his family's move to the city corresponded in his mind to a deeply disturbing encounter with the "fallen" world. Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, The emotional tensions of that dichotomy shaped much of his work and deeply influenced his life. His psychological distress led him to undergo Jungian analysis in London. Analytical psychology (or Jungian psychology) refers to the school of Psychology originating from the ideas of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, and then advanced A vision in which he witnessed the Creation strengthened the Edenic myth in his mind, leading him to see his life and career as the working-out of an archetypal fable. An archetype ( pronounced: /ˈɑːkɪtaɪp/ (Brit or /ˈɑrkɪtaɪp/ (Amer In his Autobiography he wrote, "the life of every man is an endlessly repeated performance of the life of man. . . ". He also expressed his feeling that our deeds on earth constitute "a myth which we act almost without knowing it. " Alienation, paradox, the existential dyads of good and evil, life and death, love and hate, and images of journeys, labyrinths, time and places fill his work.

His Scott and Scotland advanced the claim that Scotland can only create a national literature by writing in English, an opinion which placed him in direct opposition to the Lallans movement of Hugh MacDiarmid. Lallans ('lɑlən(dz a variant of the Scots word lawlands meaning the lowlands of Scotland, was also traditionally used to refer to the Scots language Hugh MacDiarmid is the pen name of Christopher Murray Grieve (Crìsdean Mac a' Ghreidhir (11 August 1892 Langholm - 9 September 1978 Edinburgh He had little sympathy for Scottish nationalism.

In 1965 a volume of his selected poetry was edited and introduced by T. S. Eliot. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26 1888 – January 4 1965 was a poet Dramatist, and Literary critic. An excellent essay discussing Muir's literary career (Edwin Muir's Journey, by Robert Richman) is available in the online archives of The New Criterion. Origin The New Criterion was founded in 1982 by The New York Times art critic Hilton Kramer. Many of Edwin and Willa Muir's translations of German novels are still in print.

The following quotation expresses the basic existential dilemma of Edwin Muir's life:

"I was born before the Industrial Revolution, and am now about two hundred years old. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the But I have skipped a hundred and fifty of them. I was really born in 1737, and till I was fourteen no time-accidents happened to me. Then in 1751 I set out from Orkney for Glasgow. When I arrived I found that it was not 1751, but 1901, and that a hundred and fifty years had been burned up in my two day's journey. But I myself was still in 1751, and remained there for a long time. All my life since I have been trying to overhaul that invisible leeway. No wonder I am obsessed with Time. " (Extract from Diary 1937-39. )

Works

• We moderns: enigmas and guesses, written with the pseudonym Edward Moore, London, G. Allen & Unwin Ltd. , 1918
• Latitudes, New York, B. W. Huebsch, inc. , 1924
• First poems, London, Hogarth Press, 1925
• Chorus of the newly dead, London, L. & V. Woolf at the Hogarth Press, 1926
• Transition: essays on contemporary literature, London, L. and V. Woolf at the Hogarth Press, 1926
• The marionette, London, L. & V. Woolf at the Hogarth Press, 1927
• The structure of the novel, London, L. & V. Woolf, 1928.
• John Knox: portrait of a Calvinist, London, J. Cape, 1929.
• The three brothers, London, W. Heinemann ltd. , 1931
• Poor Tom, London, J. M. Dent & sons, ltd. , 1932
• Variations on the time theme, London, J. M. Dent & sons ltd. , 1934
• Scottish journey London, W. Heinemann, ltd. , in association with V. Gollancz, ltd. , 1935
• Journeys and places, London, J. M. Dent & sons, ltd. , 1937
• The present age from 1914, London, The Cresset press, 1939
• The story & the fable, an autobiography, London, G. G. Harrap & co. ltd. , 1940
• The narrow place, London, Faber and Faber, 1943
• The Scots and their country, London, published for the British council by Longmans, Green & Co. , ltd. , 1946
• The voyage, and other poems, London, Faber and Faber, 1946
• Essays on literature and society, London, Hogarth Press, 1949
• The labyrinth, London, Faber and Faber, 1949
• Collected poems, 1921-1951, London, Faber and Faber, 1952
• An autobiography, London : Hogarth Press, 1954
• Prometheus, Illustrated by John Piper, London, Faber and Faber, 1954
• One foot in Eden, New York, Grove Press, 1956
• New poets, 1959, Edited by Edwin Muir, London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1959
• The estate of poetry, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1962
• Collected poems, New York, Oxford University Press, 1965
• The politics of King Lear, New York, Haskell House, 1970

Co-Translations

• Power, by Lion Feuchtwanger, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, The Viking press, 1926
• The Ugly Duchess: a Historical Romance, by Lion Feuchtwanger, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, M. John Piper can refer to John Piper (artist, 20th century English painter and printmaker John Piper (attorney, handled important Commerce Lion Feuchtwanger (pseudonym JL Wetcheek) ( 7 July 1884 - 21 December 1958) was a German - Jewish Novelist Lion Feuchtwanger (pseudonym JL Wetcheek) ( 7 July 1884 - 21 December 1958) was a German - Jewish Novelist Secker, 1927
• Two Anglo-Saxon Plays: The Oil islands and Warren Hastings, by Lion Feuchtwanger, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, M. Lion Feuchtwanger (pseudonym JL Wetcheek) ( 7 July 1884 - 21 December 1958) was a German - Jewish Novelist Secker, 1929
• Success: a Novel, by Lion Feuchtwanger, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, The Viking Press, 1930
• The Castle, by Franz Kafka, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, M. Lion Feuchtwanger (pseudonym JL Wetcheek) ( 7 July 1884 - 21 December 1958) was a German - Jewish Novelist Secker, 1930
• The Sleepwalkers: a trilogy, by Hermann Broch, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, Little, Brown and company, 1932
• Josephus, by Lion Feuchtwanger, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, The Viking Press, 1932
• Salvation, by Sholem Asch, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, G. Hermann Broch ( November 1, 1886 – May 30, 1951) was a 20th century Austrian writer considered one of the major Modernists Lion Feuchtwanger (pseudonym JL Wetcheek) ( 7 July 1884 - 21 December 1958) was a German - Jewish Novelist Sholem Asch born Szulim Asz (שלום אש also written Shalom Asch (1 November 1880 Kutno - July 10 1957 London was a Polish -born American P. Putnam’s Sons, 1934
• The Hill of Lies, by Heinrich Mann, translated by Edwin and Willa Muir, Jarrolds LTD, 1934
• Mottke, the Thief, by Sholem Asch, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, G. Luiz (Ludwig Heinrich Mann ( 27 March 1871 &ndash 12 March 1950) was a German novelist who wrote works with social themes whose Sholem Asch born Szulim Asz (שלום אש also written Shalom Asch (1 November 1880 Kutno - July 10 1957 London was a Polish -born American P. Putnam’s Sons, 1935
• The Unknown Quantity, by Hermann Broch, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir,The Viking Press, 1935
• The Jew of Rome: a Historical Romance, by Lion Feuchtwanger, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, Hutchinson & Co. Hermann Broch ( November 1, 1886 – May 30, 1951) was a 20th century Austrian writer considered one of the major Modernists Lion Feuchtwanger (pseudonym JL Wetcheek) ( 7 July 1884 - 21 December 1958) was a German - Jewish Novelist , Ltd. , 1935
• The Loom of Justice, by Ernst Lothar, translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, Putnam, 1935
• Night over the East, by Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, translated and adapted by Edwin and Willa Muir, Sheed and Ward Inc. Ernst Lothar ( born Ernst Lothar Müller ( 25 October, 1890 &ndash 30 October, 1974) was a Moravian Austrian Erik Maria Ritter Von Kuehnelt-Leddihn ( July 31 1909 &ndash May 26 1999) was an Austrian Catholic , 1936

References

1. ^ Edwin Muir, an Autobiography, Canongate Press, Edinburgh 1993, ISBN: 0862414237)
2. ^ Paul Henderson Scott, Towards Independence, "Edwin Muir was an Orkney man who never quite felt that he was Scottish"
3. ^ The Poetry of the Scots, Duncan Glen, page 92

• Paul Henderson Scott, Towards Independence, "Edwin Muir was an Orkney man who never quite felt that he was Scottish"

External links

• Edwin Muir's Grave
• Edwin Muir's Journey by Robert Richman (essay)
• "Edwin Muir: Poet, Critic and Translator" (website)

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