Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Edwin Crawford Kemble (January 28, 1889 in Delaware, Ohio – March 12, 1984) was an American physicist who made contributions to the theory of quantum mechanics and molecular structure and spectroscopy. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Geography Delaware is located at (40298898 -83072007 The town is located about 24 miles north of Ohio's capital city Columbus, due north along Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Quantum mechanics is the study of mechanical systems whose dimensions are close to the Atomic scale such as Molecules Atoms Electrons Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between Radiation and Matter as a function of Wavelength (λ During World War II, he was a consultant to the Navy on acoustic detection of submarines and to the Army on Operation Alsos. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Operation Alsos was an effort at the end of World War II by the Allies (principally Britain and the United States) branched off from the

Contents

Education

Kemble began college in 1906 at Ohio Wesleyan University, but he stayed there only one year. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting He then transferred to the Case School of Applied Science, where he received his B. The Case School of Engineering is the engineering school at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland Ohio. S. in physics in 1911. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year At Case, Kemble was a student of Dayton C. Miller, a nationally recognized scientist working in the field of acoustics. Upon graduation from Case, he spent the following year as a physics instructor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, a school founded in response to the growing demand for education in technology, as was Case. This article is about a center of higher learning For the foundation which supports scientific research refer to the Carnegie Institution of Washington. During that year, Miller obtained a graduate fellowship for Kemble at Harvard; the fellowship was personally financed by Harvard Professor Wallace Sabine, a fellow colleague of Miller’s in acoustics. Kemble entered graduate school in 1913, with Percy Bridgman as his thesis advisor. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Percy Williams Bridgman ( April 21, 1882 &ndash August 20, 1961) was an American physicist who won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics This was the year Niels Bohr submitted his first paper on the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. Niels Henrik David Bohr (nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ in Danish 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962 was a Danish Physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding In Atomic physics, the Bohr model created by Niels Bohr depicts the Atom as a small positively charged nucleus surrounded by Electrons [1] Universities in Europe were in the process of making the transition from the predominance of experimental physics to that of theoretical physics,[2] as was the case in the United States. Bridgman, a well-known experimentalist, did, however, champion Kemble’s interest in pursuing theoretical interests in physics. Kembel was draw to the new quantum theories in a course on radiation by G. W. Peirce. It was while considering thesis topics that Kemble was drawn to the recently introduced quantum theory of molecular spectra. He received his Ph. D. in physics from Harvard in 1917. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [3]

Career

After Kemble received his doctorate, with World War I in progress, he spent a short time doing work which contributed to the war effort developing aircraft engines at Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company was an American aircraft manufacturer that went public in 1916 with Glenn Hammond Curtiss as president As the War ended, he was laid off. While he did want to return to Harvard, a position could not immediately be found, so he spent a half semester teaching at Williams College, in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Williams College is a highly selective private liberal arts college located in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Williamstown is a town in Berkshire County, in the northwest corner of Massachusetts. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Bridgman had a plan to build up theory at Harvard, which consisted of restructuring from the emphasis on electromagnetism (radiotelegraphy, optics, and wave propagation) to radiation theory, quantum theory, photo-electricity, specific heats, X-ray crystal structure, and special topics in physics theory. Electromagnetism is the Physics of the Electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a Force on particles that possess the property of Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel through a Waveguide. Electromagnetic radiation takes the form of self-propagating Waves in a Vacuum or in Matter. Quantum mechanics is the study of mechanical systems whose dimensions are close to the Atomic scale such as Molecules Atoms Electrons Introduction When a Metallic surface is exposed to Electromagnetic radiation above a certain threshold Frequency, the light is absorbed and Electrons Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the Temperature of a unit quantity X-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of Atoms within a Crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and scatters Kemble accepted the challenge and returned to Harvard in 1919 as an assistant professor in the physics department, the year Arnold Sommerfeld published Atombau und Spektrallinien, which became the “bible”[4] of atomic theory for the new generation of physicists who developed atomic and quantum physics. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (5 December 1868 &ndash 26 April 1951 was a German theoretical Physicist who pioneered developments in atomic Kemble remained there the rest of his career as Instructor (1919-1924), Assistant Professor (1924-1927), Associate Professor (1927-1930), and Professor (1930-1957). Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) [5] He was made chairman of the department in 1940. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His first graduate student was John Van Vleck. John Hasbrouck Van Vleck ( March 13, 1899 &ndash October 27, 1980) was an American physicist. Many other doctoral students and postdoctoral students/researchers followed in the next fifteen years, including Robert S. Mulliken,[6] John C. Slater,[7] J. Robert Oppenheimer,[8] Clarence Zener, James H. Robert Sanderson Mulliken ( June 7, 1896 &ndash October 31, 1986) was an American physicist and chemist John Clarke Slater (1900-1976 was a noted American physicist and theoretical chemist. Clarence Melvin Zener ( December 1, 1905 – July 15, 1993) was the American Physicist who first described the electrical Bartlett, Eugene Feenberg, and J. Eugene Feenberg ( October 6, 1906 in Fort Smith Texas &ndash November 7, 1977) was an American physicist who made contributions to L. Dunham. [9]

Kemble was at the center of research and development of the theory of molecular structure. Having been instrumental in introducing quantum theory in the United States, he went on to chair the National Research Council’s Committee on Radiation in Gasses, which took three years (1923-1926) to prepare the report Molecular Spectra in Gases and served as a coordinating group for national research programs. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kemble represented the east coast and Harvard, Harrison Randall’s infrared spectroscopy laboratory at the University of Michigan was represented by Walter F. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research Colby,[10] and Raymond T. Birge spoke for the west coast and the University of California, Berkley. Raymond Thayer Birge ( March 13, 1887 - March 22, 1980) was a Physicist. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley [11]

The rise of quantum mechanics was greatly fostered in Europe in the 1920s by the consortium consisting of the three Institutes for Theoretical Physics which were under Arnold Sommerfeld at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Max Born at the Georg-August University of Göttingen, and Niels Bohr at the University of Copenhagen. Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (5 December 1868 &ndash 26 April 1951 was a German theoretical Physicist who pioneered developments in atomic The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more Max Born (11 December 1882 &ndash 5 January 1970 was a German Physicist and Mathematician who was instrumental in the development of Quantum The University of Göttingen ( German: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) is a University in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Niels Henrik David Bohr (nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ in Danish 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962 was a Danish Physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding The University of Copenhagen (Københavns Universitet is the oldest and largest University and research institution in Denmark. Sommerfeld taught many of the leading young scientists then developing quantum mechanics or sorting out atomic and molecular structure from spectroscopic data. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg, who got his doctorate from Sommerfeld in 1923 and completed his Habilitation under Born in 1924, introduced the matrix mechanics formulation of quantum mechanics. Werner Heisenberg (5 December 1901 in Würzburg &ndash1 February 1976 in Munich) was a German theoretical physicist best known for enunciating the Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a person can achieve by their own pursuit in certain European and Asian countries Matrix mechanics is a formulation of Quantum mechanics created by Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan in 1925 This was followed in early 1926, by Erwin Schrödinger introducing the wave mechanics formulation of quantum mechanics. In Physics, especially Quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation is an equation that describes how the Quantum state of a Physical system So, it was into this stimulating environment that Kemble went to study and do research with both Sommerfeld in Munich and Born in Göttingen, on a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1927-1928. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Upon his return to the United States, he wrote, with E. V. Hill, two lengthy reviews of quantum mechanics in the first issues of Reviews of Modern Physics. [12][13]

During World War II, Kemble supervised the teaching of basic physics to military officers, consulted with for the Navy on acoustic detection of submarines, and near the end of the war consulted for the Army on Operation Alsos. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Operation Alsos was an effort at the end of World War II by the Allies (principally Britain and the United States) branched off from the The objective of Alsos was to investigate the German nuclear energy efforts, seize German nuclear resources, materials and personnel to further American research and to prevent their capture by the Soviets, and to discern how far the Germans had gone towards creating an atomic bomb. Samuel Goudsmit, a quantum physicist from the University of Michigan, was the scientific leader of ALSOS, and Lt. Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (born July 11, 1902 Den Haag, The Netherlands, died December 4, 1978 in Reno Nevada The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research Col. Boris Pash, a former Manhattan Project security officer, was its military leader. [14][15]

At the end of WW II, Kemble had the opportunity to continue his war-time interest in teaching physics to non-physicists. In reacting to the role science played in the war, James B. Conant, president of Harvard and former high-level administrator in the Manhattan Project, proposed teaching science to all Harvard undergraduates by teaching them the history of science and highlighting the importance of science to social change. James Bryant Conant ( March 26, 1893 &ndash February 11, 1978) was a Chemist, educational administrator and government official The World War II Manhattan Project developed the first Nuclear weapon (atomic bomb Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers Kemble joined I. Bernard Cohen, Gerald Holton, Thomas S. Kuhn, Philipe Le Corbeiller, and Leonard K. I Bernard Cohen ( 1 March 1914 – 20 June 2003) was the Victor S Gerald Holton is Mallinckrodt Research Professor of Physics and Research Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University. Thomas Samuel Kuhn (surname ˈkuːn July 18, 1922  &ndash June 17, 1996) was an American intellectual who wrote extensively Nash in this project. [16]

In 1957, Kemble retired from Harvard, where he had spent all but three years since he entered graduate school. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) For the next three years, he was the director of Harvard’s Academic Year Institute, where high-school teachers studied with university professors. He had served as chairman of the Physics Section of the [[National Academy of Sciences (1945-1948) and as a member of the Executive Committee of the National Research Councils’ Division of Physical Sciences. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [17]

Edwin C. Kemble died on March 12, 1984. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) . [18]

Personal

In 1925, Kemble married Harriet May Tindle, who died two years before their 50th wedding anniversary. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1978, he married Martha Chadbourne Kettelle, his Radcliffe College fiancée from graduate student days. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Radcliffe College was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge Massachusetts, and was the Coordinate college for Harvard University

Books

Selected Literature

References

External Links

Notes

  1. ^ Bohr Model - Niels Bohr On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Philosophical Magazine Series 6, Volume 26, July 1913, p. 1-25.
  2. ^ Jungnickel, Volume 2, 1990.
  3. ^ Kemble Biography – National Academies Press
  4. ^ Kragh, 2002, p. 155.
  5. ^ Author Catalog: Kemble – American Philosophical Society
  6. ^ Robert Mulliken received his doctorate at the University of Chicago in 1921. He did postdoctoral research and study at Harvard 1923-1925 as National Research Council Fellow.
  7. ^ John Slater got his doctorate at Harvard under Percy Brigman in 1923.
  8. ^ Robert Oppenheimer studied at Harvard 1922-1925, spent 1925-1926 at the University of Cambridge under J. J. Thomson, and received his doctorate at the Georg-August University of Göttingen under Max Born. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Sir Joseph John “JJ” Thomson, OM, FRS (18 December 1856 &ndash 30 August 1940 was a British Physicist and Nobel laureate The University of Göttingen ( German: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) is a University in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Max Born (11 December 1882 &ndash 5 January 1970 was a German Physicist and Mathematician who was instrumental in the development of Quantum
  9. ^ Kemble Biography – National Academies Press
  10. ^ W. F. Colby, along with Oscar Klein, was the thesis advisor to David M. Dennison, who graduated from the University of Michigan with a Ph. David Mathias Dennison (1900 in Oberlin Ohio &ndash April 3, 1976) was an American physicist who made contributions to Quantum mechanics, D. in 1924 and was also a major contributor to quantum mechanics in the United States as a professor at Michigan. See Author Catalog: Dennison – American Philosophical Society.
  11. ^ Kemble Biography – National Academies Press
  12. ^ Sommerfeld Biography – American Philosophical Society
  13. ^ Kemble Biography – National Academies Press
  14. ^ Samuel A. Goudsmit ALSOS (Tomash Publishers, 1983)
  15. ^ Kemble Biography – National Academies Press
  16. ^ Kemble Biography – National Academies Press
  17. ^ Kemble Biography – National Academies Press
  18. ^ Kemble Biography – National Academies Press
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic