| Edward John Eyre | |
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| Born | August 5, 1815 Whipsnade, England |
|---|---|
| Died | November 30, 1901 Yorkshire, England |
| Occupation | Explorer of Australia, Colonial Administrator, Grazier |
Edward John Eyre (5 August 1815 - 30 November 1901) was an English land explorer of the Australian continent and a controversial Governor of Jamaica. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Whipsnade is a small village in the county of Bedfordshire. It lies on the eastward tail spurs of the Chiltern Hills, about 2 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea.
South Australia's Lake Eyre, Eyre Peninsula, Eyre Creek, Eyre Highway (the main highway from South Australia to Western Australia), and the Eyre Hotel in Whyalla are named in his honour, as are the villages of Eyreton and West Eyreton in Canterbury, New Zealand. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Lake Eyre (pronounced "air" is the lowest point in Australia, at approximately ( AHD) below sea level and on the rare occasions that it fills the Eyre Peninsula is a triangular Peninsula in South Australia. It is bounded on the east by Spencer Gulf, the west by the Great Australian Bight Eyre Creek is a short waterway which is located in the Clare Valley. Location Named after Edward John Eyre the Eyre Highway is a highway linking Western Australia and South Australia. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Eyreton, originally known as Eyretown, is a small village in the Canterbury region of New Zealand 's South Island. West Eyreton is a small rural village in the Canterbury region of New Zealand 's South Island. The New Zealand region of Canterbury (Waitaha is mainly composed of the Canterbury Plains and the surrounding mountains New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island
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Early life
Eyre was born in Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, shortly before his family moved to Hornsea, Yorkshire, where he was christened[1]. Whipsnade is a small village in the county of Bedfordshire. It lies on the eastward tail spurs of the Chiltern Hills, about 2 Bedfordshire (abbreviated Beds) is a County in England that forms part of the East of England region. Hornsea is a small Seaside resort Town and Civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England at the eastern end of the Trans Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. His parents were Rev. Anthony William Eyre and Sarah (nee Mapleton)[2]. After completing grammar school at Louth and Sedbergh, he moved to Sydney rather than join the army or go to university. Louth is a Market town within the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. Sedbergh School is a co-educational boarding school in Sedbergh, Cumbria for boys and girls between the ages of 13 and 18 inclusive Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 He gained experience in the new land by boarding with and forming friendships with prominent gentlemen and became a flock owner when he bought 400 lambs a month before his 18th birthday [3]. When South Australia was found, Eyre brought 1,000 sheep and 600 cattle overland from Monaro, New South Wales to Adelaide and sold them for a large profit. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country There are other uses for the term Monaro. Monaro (pronounced "mon-air'-ro" is the name of a region in the south of New Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a He also discovered Lake Eyre.
South Australian expeditions
With this money, Eyre set out to explore the interior of South Australia, with two separate expeditions north to the Flinders Ranges and west to beyond Ceduna. Edward John Eyre 's two expeditions of 1839 to the interior of South Australia were his first expeditions as an explorer if one discounts the two earlier trips he The Flinders Ranges is South Australia 's largest Mountain range which starts approximately 200 km north west of Adelaide. Ceduna ( is a small town in the West Coast region of South Australia.
Eyre, together with his adolescent Aboriginal companion Wylie, with whom he is thought to have been on intimate terms,[4] was the first European to traverse the coastline of the Great Australian Bight and the Nullarbor Plain by land in 1840-1841, on an almost 2000 mile trip to Albany, Western Australia. Wylie was an indigenous Australian originally from the tribes around Albany in Western Australia The Great Australian Bight is a large bight, or open bay located off the central and western portions of the southern coastline of mainland Australia. Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Albany ( is located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, situated around a port on the southern coast He had originally led the expedition with John Baxter and three aborigines. John Baxter (&ndash 29 April 1841) was a friend and companion of Edward John Eyre on his crossing of the Nullarbor Plain in 1840 - Two of the aborigines killed Baxter and left with most of the supplies, and Eyre and Wylie were only able to survive because they were rescued by a French whaling ship which at Rossiter Bay, under the command of Captain Rossiter, chanced to be there. Rossiter Bay is located on the southern coast of Western Australia, in the Cape Le Grand National Park east of Esperance. Eyre named the bay after the captain.
In addition to exploring inland South Australia and New South Wales, Eyre was instrumental in maintaining peace between white settlers and aborigines along the Murray River. This is an article about a class of people as identified and defined within Australian law The Murray River, or River Murray and sometimes informally referred to as the "Mighty Murray" is Australia 's largest River.
Colonial Governor
From 1848 to 1853, he served as Lieutenant-Governor of New Munster province in New Zealand under Sir George Grey. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common New Munster was originally the name of the South Island of New Zealand New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For other men with a similar name see George Grey (disambiguation or George Gray Sir George Grey, KCB ( 14 April He married Miss Adelaide Ormond in 1850. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link
From 1854 he was Governor of several Caribbean island colonies. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Whilst Governor of Jamaica he suppressed the Morant Bay Rebellion ruthlessly, and had many black peasants killed. The Morant Bay rebellion began on October 11 1865 when Paul Bogle led 200 to 300 black men and women into the town of Morant Bay, parish of St He also authorised the execution (or judicial murder) of George William Gordon, a mixed-race colonial assemblyman (his father was a Caucasian planter) who was suspected of involvement in the insurrection. George William Gordon (1820*-1865 was a Jamaican Businessman and Politician.
These events created great controversy in Britain, resulting in demands for Eyre to be arrested and tried for murdering Gordon. John Stuart Mill organised the Jamaica Committee, which demanded his prosecution and included some well-known British liberal intellectuals (such as John Bright, Charles Darwin, Thomas Huxley, Thomas Hughes and Herbert Spencer). John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 &ndash 8 May 1873 British Philosopher, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential The Jamaica Committee was a group set up in 1866, which called for Edward Eyre, Governor of Jamaica, to be tried for his excesses in suppressing the John Bright ( 16 November 1811 &ndash 27 March 1889) Quaker, was a British Radical and Liberal Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life Thomas Henry Huxley PC FRS (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895 was an English Biologist, known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy Thomas Hughes ( October 20, 1822 – March 22, 1896) was an English lawyer and author Herbert Spencer ( April 27, 1820 – December 8, 1903) was an English Philosopher; prominent classical liberal A rival committee was set up by Thomas Carlyle for the defence, arguing that Eyre had acted decisively to restore order. Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881 was a Scottish essayist satirist and historian whose work was highly influential during the Victorian era. His supporters included John Ruskin, Charles Kingsley, Charles Dickens and Alfred Lord Tennyson. John Ruskin (8 February 1819 &ndash 20 January 1900 is best known for his work as an Art critic, sage writer, and Social critic, but is remembered Charles Kingsley ( June 12 1819 &ndash January 23 1875) was an English Novelist, particularly associated with the Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets Twice Eyre was charged with murder, but the cases never proceeded.
Colonial Governor in Jamaica
In 1865 a rebellion broke out in the British colony of Jamaica due to poor living conditions of the indigenous inhabitants and the shortage of land available to them for cultivation. As Governor of the Colony, Edward John Eyre, brutally suppressed the rebellion, in which many indigenous people were killed and hundreds were savagely flogged. The case went to the UK Court of Exchequer as Phillips v Eyre (1870) LR 6 QB 1, Exchequer Chamber. The case was influential in setting a precedent in English and Australian law over the conflict of laws, and choice of law to be applied in international torts cases. [5].
See also
Notes
- ^ Steve Pocock (2000). The European exploration of Australia encompasses several waves of seafarers and land explorers Jamaica, one of the largest Caribbean islands was inhabited by Arawak natives History. Great Australian Bight Safaris. Retrieved on 2006-04-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ Dictionary of Australian Biography
- ^ Kevin Koepplinger. Hero and Tyrant:Edward John Eyre's Legacy.
- ^ Empire and Sexuality: The British Experience, Ronald Hyam; p47
- ^ G. Dutton, In Search of Edward John Eyre (1982, MacMillan), 115-42; J Michener, Caribbean (1989, Random House), 402-42
References
- Geoffrey Dutton, (1967) The hero as murderer : the life of Edward John Eyre, Australian explorer and Governor of Jamaica 1815-1901 Sydney : Collins ; Melbourne : Cheshire, (paperback reprint: Penguin, 1977).
- Catherine Hall, (2002) Civilising Subjects: Colony and Metropoloe in the English Imagination, 1830-1867. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Further reading
- Dutton, Geoffrey (1982) In search of Edward John Eyre South Melbourne: Macmillan. ISBN 0333338413
External links
- Short biography
- Eyre's Journals from his 1840/1 expedition
- Works by Edward John Eyre at Project Gutenberg
- Biography in 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Richard Graves MacDonnell |
Lieutenant Governor of St. Vincent 1854–1861 |
Succeeded by Anthony Musgrave |
| Preceded by Charles Henry Darling |
Governor of Jamaica 1862–1864 (acting); 1864–1865 |
Succeeded by Sir Henry Knight Storks |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded by John Murray |
Clarke Medal 1901 |
Succeeded by Frederick Manson Bailey |
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