Education in Hungary

Educational oversight Minister Deputy Secretary	Ministry of Education and Culture István Hiller
National education budget	272. Dr István Hiller (born 7 May 1964 in Sopron) is a Hungarian politician and former chairman of the governing Hungarian Socialist Party between Funding or financing is to provide capital (funds which means money for a project a person a business or any other private or public institutions 86 billion Ft (2006)
Primary language(s)	Hungarian
Central system Established Activated	October 26, 1995 September 1, 1998
Literacy (2003)  • Men  • Women	99. The forint ( Currency code HUF) is the Currency of Hungary. It is divided into 100 Fillér, although fillér coins have not been Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, 4% 99. 5% 99. 3%
Enrollment  • Primary  • Secondary  • Post-secondary	1,877,500 886,500 570,000 421,000
Attainment  • Secondary diploma  • Post-secondary diploma	86 14

The social environment of education

The decline of Hungary's population that started in 1981 has also continued in recent years. Primary education is the first stage of Compulsory education. Australia See also Education Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage third level and' post-secondary education', is the educational level following the completion of a school providing Educational attainment is a term commonly used by statisticans to refer to the highest degree of education an individual has completed Australia See also Education Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage third level and' post-secondary education', is the educational level following the completion of a school providing Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic According to the 2001 census, the population of Hungary was 10,198 thousand, about half a million less than the figure of twenty years earlier. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population By 2005 the population dropped to 10,077 thousand. The age pyramid of the Hungarian population is among the most irregular ones in Europe. On 1st January 2005, due to the extremely low number of live births in the preceding years the size of the 0-4-year-old population was smaller than the next age groups of five-year increments up to the age group 60-64. There are major differences in the size of the various generations. Generation (from the Greek γενεά) also known as procreation, is the act of producing Offspring.

The official language of instruction is Hungarian, but a number of ethnic and national minorities (e. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. g. German, Romanian, Slovene, Serb and Croatian) have minority educational institutions with their own languages as first or second language of instruction at primary and secondary level of teaching. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni Slovenes or Slovenians ( Slovene Slovenci, dual Slovenca, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenke, dual Slovenki Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, According to the 2003 survey, the rate of Roma children in the population entering school education in 2008-2009 is expected to be around 15%. Statistical surveys are used to collect quantitative information about items in a population The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[1]

Public education administration

Horizontally, the administrative responsibilities are shared between the Ministry of Education and other ministries (primarily the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Interior). The finance minister is a Cabinet position in a Government. A minister of Finance (also called financial affairs the treasury the economy or economic Vertically, the administrative control is decentralized and the managing responsibility is shared among the central (national), the local (regional) and institutional levels.

The local governments administer pre-primary, primary and secondary education. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency The different establishments enjoy a fair degree of decision-making autonomy not only in terms of organization and functioning but also with regard to their budgets.

Most pupils attend public-sector schools, which are administered and organized by the public authorities, primarily the local governments. The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the Government, whether national Regional A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. The financing of educational institutions is sector neutral. State and private institutions receive funding according to the same criteria. ^[2]

School system in Hungary

A special feature of the Hungarian education system is that institutional structures and the structure of educational programmes are not aligned with each other. Institutions are structures and mechanisms of Social order and Cooperation governing the Behavior of a Set of Individuals The system's institutional structure and the presence of programmes allowing early selection show similarities with Central European and ex-socialist countries. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution The system's content structure, the uniform and general phase of education has extended, and secondary level education may be characterised by increased opportunities for transition. The general phase of education lasts until the age of 16 in Hungary's education system. This is a list of articles on Education organized by country A Education in Afghanistan Education in Albania Participation in secondary education, offering a wide variety of programmes, is fairly high. Australia See also Education Within secondary education, the proportion of students studying in programmes leading to a secondary school-leaving certificate and offering transition to tertiary education is around the international average. Australia See also Education Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage third level and' post-secondary education', is the educational level following the completion of a school providing ^[3]

Hungarian education and training programmes (ISCED-97)

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Education 2002/2003, OM, 2003.

Notes: Destination for which the programmes have been designed to prepare students: A=access to further general education, B=access to further vocational education, C=access to the labour market. Orientation category is based on the degree to which content of programme has been specifically designed: G=general, P=pre-vocational, V=vocational.

Organization of the educational system

Pre-primary education

This educational level is considered as a crucially important integrated part of the school system. It caters for children from 3 to 7 years of age. Participation in pre-primary education at this level (óvoda) is optional, except for the final year (beyond age 5), which is compulsory.

Public-sector institutions may only charge for services additional to their basic tasks, including for example extra-curricular activities, meals, excursions, etc. Currently, the attendance rate with regard to the age groups 3-5, is just above 86%. The average duration of participation of children aged 3-7 in pre-primary education is just over 3 years (3. 3), which is the highest average value in Europe. ^[4]

Primary education

Children start primary school when they reach school-maturity, usually in the year in which they have their 6th birthday (7th if they were born after May 31). See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory

Primary education can last for 4, 6 or 8 years. 8-year education is the most widespread; the other two options were introduced in the early 1990s.

Subjects include literature, grammar, mathematics, music, art, Physical education, environmental studies (from 1st to 5th grade), biology (from 6th grade), geography (from 6th grade), history (from 5th grade), history of art, physics (from 6th grade), chemistry (from 7th grade), one or two foreign languages (usually English, German or French). Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Drawing is a Visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium Environmental studies is the systematic study of human interaction with their environment Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology The history of art usually refers to the History of the Visual arts, such as Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Before 1990 Russian was compulsory. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages

Secondary education

Secondary education usually lasts for 4 years. In gimnáziums it can also last for 5, 6 or 8 years depending on how many years the student spent in primary school. Since 1997 the numbering of years in secondary school are following that of primary school (i. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar e. after the 8th grade of primary school the student goes to 9th grade, which is actually the 1st year of secondary school. )

There are three kinds of secondary schools:

• Gimnázium (non-vocational; prepares students for higher education; teaches at least 2 foreign languages)
• Szakközépiskola (vocational school but also prepares for higher education)
• Szakiskola (vocational school)

After finishing secondary school, students take a school-leaving exam (Matura or final exam, érettségi in Hungarian). Matura (Matur Maturita Maturità Maturität матура is the word commonly used in Austria, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria This consists from 2005 of exams on five subjects: written exam in mathematics, oral and written exams in literature and grammar, a foreign language, history, and written and/or oral exam in a subject of the student's choice. These exams also serve as an entry exam to universities and colleges.

New secondary form until the school year of 2004/2005

Many of the gimnáziums have begun to teach a foreign language intensively (usually 12-14 lessons a week) and IT (usually 3-4 lessons a week) in the first year. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support This is called nyelvi előkészítő évfolyam, literally "Language training class", or simply nulladik évfolyam. After 2005, students will have less foreign language lessons and IT. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support

At schools where there is no nulladik évfolyam (beginners classes), they may be required to introduce them because the majority of Hungarians do not speak more than one language, or only speak their parents language or dialect. Most students will finish High School at the age of 18 or 19, or when they complete Year 13.

Those who had at least an intermediate level language exam weren't required to pass a language exam at Matura, but has become compulsory since 2006. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In language training classes, a student must pass an intermediate level language exam in the second year, and the same level Matura in the third year.

Higher education

Higher education is divided between colleges and universities. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects College education generally lasts for 4 years, while university education lasts for 4 to 6 years depending on the course undertaken. University PhD courses usually take 3 years to complete. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation.

Before students get their degree, they must pass an intermediate level language exam in the foreign language of their choice. English and German are the most popular. The number of Spanish-learners has been growing in the last few years. Recently a high number of students chose Esperanto and Romani languages. is by far the most widely spoken constructed International auxiliary language in the world The latter is said to have a relatively small vocabulary and easy grammar.

See also

• Category:Schools in Hungary
• Gymnasium
• Matura
• OKTV

References

Sources

• Number of enrolled students
• About educational attainment (data from 2000)
• About the educational budget (Hungarian only)

External links

• Ministry of Education (in Hungarian and English)
• Hungary's profile at EuroEducation.net
• Hungarian Institute for Educational Research and Development (in Hungarian and English)
• Education in Hungary 2006
• Hungarian Education (OSEAS)
• The social and political history of Hungarian education
• Hungary.hu - Education, culture