Eduard Totleben (or Todleben) (May 20, 1818 – July 1, 1884) was a Baltic German military engineer and general. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Baltic Germans (Deutschbalten or Baltendeutsche) were mostly ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today A military engineer is primarily responsible for the design and construction of offensive defensive and logistical structures for Warfare Other duties include the He was in charge of fortification and sapper works of a number of important Russian military campaigns. A sapper is an individual engineer soldier usually in British or Commonwealth military service The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya
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Early life
Totleben was born at Mitau in Courland (now Jelgava, Latvia). Jelgava (jælgava) is a Town in central Latvia about 41 km southwest of Riga with 66087 inhabitants (2006 Courland (Kurzeme Kurland Latin: Curonia / Couronia; Kuršas Kuramaa Kurlandia Курляндия Курляндія Kuurinmaa is one of the historical Jelgava (jælgava) is a Town in central Latvia about 41 km southwest of Riga with 66087 inhabitants (2006 Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. His parents were of German descent, and of the mercantile class, and he himself was intended for commerce, but a strong instinct led him to seek the career of a military engineer. He entered the school of engineers at Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River
Military career
Early military career
Totleben joined the Imperial Russian Army in 1836. He was recruited as captain of engineers in the campaigns against Imam Shamil in the Caucasus, beginning in 1848 for two years. Imam Shamil (also spelled as Shamyl, Schamil, or Schamyl; 1797 &ndash March 1871) was an Avar political and religious The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East
Crimean War
On the outbreak of war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in 1853, he served in the siege of Silistria, and after the siege was raised was transferred to the Crimea. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Silistra (Силистра, historically Bulgarian: Дръстър Drastar, ( and Romanian: Dârstor) is a Port city of northeastern The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought Sevastopol, while strongly fortified toward the sea, was almost unprotected on the land side. Sevastopol ( see pronunciation below) is a port city in Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimea Peninsula Totleben, though still a junior field officer, became the animating genius of the defense. By his advice the fleet was sunk, in order to blockade the mouth of the harbour, and the deficiency of fortifications on the land side was made good before the allies could take advantage of it. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The construction of earthworks and redoubts was carried on with extreme rapidity, and to these was transferred, in great part, the artillery that had belonged to the fleet. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine It was in the ceaseless improvisation of defensive works and offensive counterworks to meet every changing phase of the enemy's attack that Totleben's peculiar power and originality showed itself. He never commanded a large army in the open field, nor was he the creator of a great permanent system of defence like Vauban. Sébastien Le Prestre Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban ( May 15, 1633 – March 30, 1707) commonly referred to But he may justly be called the originator of the idea that a fortress is to be considered, not as a walled town but as an entrenched position, intimately connected with the offensive and defensive capacities of an army and as susceptible of alteration as the formation of troops in battle or manoeuvre.
Until June 20, 1855, Totleben conducted the operations of defense at Sevastopol in person; he was then wounded in the foot, and at the operations which immediately preceded the fall of the fortress he was not present. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year In the course of the siege he had risen from the rank of lieutenant-colonel to that of lieutenant-general, and had also been made aide-de-camp to the tsar. When he recovered he was employed in strengthening the fortifications at the mouth of the Dnieper, and also those of Kronstadt. For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. Kronstadt (Кроншта́дт also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt (Krone for Crown and Stadt for City) is a Russian In 1856 he visited England, where his merits were honored. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78
In 1860 Totleben was appointed assistant to the Grand Duke Nicholas, and he became subsequently chief of the department of engineers with the full rank of general. He was given no command when another Ottoman war began in 1877. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered It was not until after the early reverses before Pleven that the soldier of Sevastopol was called to the front. Pleven (Плевен; historically known as Plevne in Turkish and Plevna in English) is the seventh most populous city in Bulgaria Totleben saw that it would be necessary to draw works round Osman Pasha, and cut him off from communication with the other Turkish commanders. Osman Nuri Paşa also Gazi Osman Pasha ( 1832 - April 5 1900) was an Ottoman Turkish Field marshal and the hero of the In due time Pleven fell. Totleben then undertook the siege of the Bulgarian fortresses. After the conclusion of preliminaries of peace, he was placed in command of the whole Russian army.
Later life
After the war Totleben was assigned to be Governor General of Bessarabia and Novorossiya. Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian Novorossiya (Новоро́ссия literally New Russia) is a historic area now mostly located in southern Ukraine, in southern Russia, in Bessarabia [1] He also became a hereditary count.
In 1880 Totleben held the post of governor of Vilna, and after much suffering he died at Bad Soden near Frankfurt am Main. Bad Soden (also Bad Soden am Taunus) is a town and spa in the Main-Taunus-Kreis, Hesse, Germany.
References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
Notes
- ^ Herlihy, Patricia (1987, 1991). Odessa: A History, 1794-1914. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-916458-15-6, hardcover; ISBN 0-916458-43-1, paperback reprint. p. 158
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition entry for Totleben
- Novorossiia leaders and Odessa Ukraine mayors
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