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Edmund Ludlow
Edmund Ludlow
Bornc. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Long Parliament is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I, on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those The term Convention Parliament has been applied to three different English Parliaments of 1399 1660 and 1689 1617
Maiden Bradley, Wiltshire
Died1692
Vevey, Switzerland
SpouseElizabeth Thomas
Professionpolitician, soldier
ReligionBaptist

Edmund Ludlow (c. Maiden Bradley is a small Wiltshire village near the Somerset border and the home of the Duke of Somerset. Etymology The county formerly 'Wiltonshire' or 'Wiltunscir' (9th century is named after the former county town of Wilton (itself named after the River Wylye Vevey is a town in Switzerland in the canton Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. 1617 – 1692) was an English parliamentarian, best known for his involvement in the execution of Charles I, and for his Memoirs, which were published posthumously in a rewritten form and which have become a major source for historians of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. The Wars of the Three Kingdoms (sometimes known as the Wars of the Three Nations) formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, After service in the English Civil Wars, Ludlow was elected a Member of the Long Parliament. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Long Parliament is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I, on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. After the establishment of the Commonwealth in 1649 he was made second-in-command of Parliament's forces in Ireland, before breaking with Oliver Cromwell over the establishment of the Protectorate. The Commonwealth of England was the Republican government which ruled first England (including Wales) and then Ireland and Scotland The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649-53 refers to the re-conquest of Ireland by the forces of the English Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known In British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653&ndash1659 during which the Commonwealth of England Scotland and Ireland was governed by a Lord After the Restoration Ludlow went into exile in Switzerland, where he spent much of the rest of his life. The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored Ludlow himself spelled his name Ludlowe. [1]

Contents

Early life

Ludlow was born in Maiden Bradley, Wiltshire, the son of Sir Henry Ludlow of Maiden Bradley and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Phelips of Montacute, Somerset. Montacute is a small Village in Somerset, England, four miles west of Yeovil. [2] He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford in September 1634 and graduated in 1636. The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope (Knight, or Trinity College for short is one of the [3] He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1638. The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London which may call members to [4]

English Civil Wars

When the Great Rebellion broke out in 1642, Ludlow engaged as a volunteer in the life guard of Lord Essex. Robert Devereux 3rd Earl of Essex ( January 11 1591 – 14 September 1646) was the son and heir of Robert Devereux 2nd Earl His first battle was at Worcester on 23 September 1642, his next at Edgehill on 23 October 1642. Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England. The Battle of Edgehill (or Edge Hill) was the first Pitched battle of the First English Civil War. In 1643 he returned to Wiltshire and became captain of a troop of horse for Sir Edward Hungerford's regiment. Hungerford made him governor of Wardour Castle in 1643, but had to surrender to the Royalists after a tenacious three-month defence on March 18, 1644. Wardour Castle is located near Tisbury in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Salisbury. [5]

After a brief imprisonment in Oxford, he was exchanged soon afterwards, and engaged as major of Sir Arthur Hesilrige's regiment of horse. Sir Arthur Haselrig 2nd Baronet (died 7 January 1661 English parliamentarian, is best remembered as one of the five members of parliament whom King Charles He was present at the second battle of Newbury, October 1644, at the siege of Basing House in November, and took part in an expedition to relieve Taunton in December. The Second Battle of Newbury was a Battle of the English Civil War fought on October 27, 1644, in Speen, adjoining Newbury Basing House, Hampshire, was a major English Tudor Palace and Castle that once rivalled Hampton Court Palace in its size Taunton is the County town of Somerset, England. The Unparished area (or former Municipal borough) of Taunton has a Population In January 1645 Sir Marmaduke Langdale surprised his regiment, with Ludlow only escaping with difficulty. In 1646 he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Wilts in place of his father, and became involved with the Indepedent faction within Parliament - especially with Henry Marten and other radical critics of the monarchy. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Etymology The county formerly 'Wiltonshire' or 'Wiltunscir' (9th century is named after the former county town of Wilton (itself named after the River Wylye Ludlow was a Baptist and Calvinist predestinarian, and his political views were inextricably interlinked with providentialist and apocalyptic religious views. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the Predestination (also linked with Foreknowledge) is a religious concept which involves the relationship between God and His creation [6]

Ludlow opposed negotiations with Charles I, and was one of the chief promoters of Pride's Purge in 1648. Pride’s Purge took place in December 1648 when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the House of Commons all those who were not He was one of the king's judges, and signed the warrant for his execution. In February 1649 he was elected a member of the new Council of State after having himself been involved in drawing up the terms for its existence. Around this time he also married Elizabeth Thomas of Glamorgan. [7]

Campaign in Ireland

After Oliver Cromwell's return from Ireland in June 1650, Cromwell appointed Ludlow as lieutenant-general of horse and second-in-command to Henry Ireton in Parliament's campaign there. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Henry Ireton ( 1611 - November 26, 1651) was an English general in the army of Parliament during the English Civil War The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649-53 refers to the re-conquest of Ireland by the forces of the English Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell Here he spared neither health nor money in the public service. He landed in Ireland in January 1651 and was involved in the Siege of Limerick (1650-51) . After Ireton's death on 26 November 1651, Ludlow then held the chief command, and had practically completed the conquest of the island when he resigned his authority to Fleetwood in October 1652. Charles Fleetwood (died 4 October 1692) English Parliamentary soldier and politician third son of Sir Miles Fleetwood of Most of his campaigning in Ireland was against Irish guerrillas or "tories" and much of his operations consisted of hunting small bands and destroying foodstuff and crops. Ludlow is remembered for what he said of the Burren in County Clare during counter-guerilla operations there in 1651-52; "It is a country where there is not enough water to drown a man, wood enough to hang one, nor earth enough to bury him. The Burren ( Boirinn is the modern form used by the Ordnance Survey) is a unique Karst -landscape region in northwest County Clare, County Clare ( Irish: Contae an Chláir) commonly referred to as simply Clare, is a county on Ireland and part of the wider "[8]

The Protectorate

Though disapproving of Cromwell's action in dissolving the Rump Parliament in April 1653, Ludlow maintained his employment. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those However, when Cromwell was declared Lord Protector after the failure of Barebone's Parliament he declined to acknowledge his authority. Lord Protector is a particular British title for Heads of State with two meanings (and full styles at different periods of history Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653 and was the last attempt of the English On returning to England in October 1655 he was arrested, and on refusing to submit to the government was allowed to retire to Essex. After Oliver Cromwell's death Ludlow was returned for Hindon in Richard's parliament of 1659, but opposed the continuance of the protectorate. Richard Cromwell ( 4 October 1626 &ndash 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and the second Lord Protector He sat in the restored Rump, and was a member of its Council of State and of the Committee of Safety after its second expulsion, and a commissioner for the nomination of officers in the army. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those [9]

In July he was sent to Ireland as commander-in-chief. Returning in October 1659, he endeavored to support the failing republican cause by reconciling the army to the parliament. In December he returned hastily to Ireland to suppress a movement in favour of the Long Parliament, but on arrival found himself almost without supporters. He came back to England in January 1660, and was met by an impeachment presented against him to the restored parliament. His influence and authority had now disappeared, and all chance of regaining them vanished with General John Lambert's failure to stop General George Monck's army from reaching London in support of the English Restoration. John Lambert (Autumn 1619 - March 1684 served as an English Parliamentary general in the English Civil War. George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored [10]

Exile after the Restoration

Ludlow took his seat in the Convention Parliament as member for Hindon, but his election was annulled on May 18 after the parliament ruled that all those that had been judges of Charles I during his trial should be arrested. The term Convention Parliament has been applied to three different English Parliaments of 1399 1660 and 1689 Ludlow was not protected under the Pardon, Indemnity and Oblivion Act. The Indemnity and Oblivion Act is an Act of the Parliament of England (16 Cha [11] Accordingly, on the proclamation of the king ordering the regicides to come in, Ludlow emerged from his concealment, and on June 20 surrendered to the Speaker; but finding that his life was not assured, he succeeded in escaping to Dieppe, France, travelled to Geneva and Lausanne, and thence to Vevey. Dieppe is a town and commune in the Seine-Maritime department and Haute-Normandie region of France. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Lausanne ( pronounced, Losanna is a city in Romandy, the French -speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva Vevey is a town in Switzerland in the canton Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva. On 16 April 1662 the canton of Bern granted Ludlow and two fellow fugitives, Lisle and Cawley, an act of protection allowing them to live in the canton. The city of Berne or Bern (, Berne, Berna, Romansh: Berna, Bernese German: Bärn) is the Bundesstadt ( Federal His wife joined him in 1663. For security he adopted the pseudonym of Edmund Phillips, based on a variant of his mother's maiden name. [12]

After the Glorious Revolution of 1688 opened up the prospect of a return, in 1689 Ludlow came back to England. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union He was however remembered only as a regicide, and an address from the House of Commons was presented to William III by Sir Edward Seymour requesting the king to issue a proclamation for his arrest. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" } Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (c 1506 &ndash 22nd January 1552 was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in Ludlow escaped again, and returned to Vevey, where he died in 1692. [13]

Reputation and writings

A monument raised to Ludlow's memory by his widow is in the church of St Martin in Vevey. Over the door of the house in which he lived was placed the inscription "omne solum forti patria, quia patris". This is a Christianized version of a line by Ovid meaning "to the brave man every land is a fatherland because God his father made it". Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including Ludlow married Elizabeth, daughter of William Thomas, of Wenvoe, Glamorganshire, but left no children. [14]

During his exile Ludlow wrote an autobiography entitled A voyce from the watch tower. After his death his manuscript was obtained by Slingsby Bethel, who had visited him in Switzerland. Slingsby Bethel (1617 - 1697 was a Member of Parliament with republican sympathies during the period of the English Civil War. Part of it, covering the years 1660–77, was discovered at Warwick Castle in 1970 and is now in the Bodleian Library. Warwick Castle (, like warren) is a medieval Shell keep Castle in Warwick, the County town of Warwickshire, The Bodleian Library ( the main Research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England A heavily rewritten and shortened version of A voyce appeared as The Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow in 1698–9 in three volumes. The historian Blair Worden has surmised that the editor was the deist John Toland. Deism is the belief that a supreme God exists and created the physical universe and that religious truths can be arrived at by the application of reason alone without dependence on revelation John Toland ( November 30, 1670 - March 11, 1722) was an Irish Philosopher. The Memoirs were part of a range of late seventeenth-century publications printed by John Darby, including the Discourses of Algernon Sidney and the works of John Milton and James Harrington. Algernon Sydney or Sidney (January 1623 &ndash December 7 1683) was an English Politician, political theorist and opponent of King John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and In the Memoirs Ludlow's puritanism is virtually written out, and his views changed to make him a Whig-like secular republican. Until the 1970s the Memoirs were generally assumed to be authentic - there were editions in 1720-22, 1751, and 1771, with a scholarly edition by C.H. Firth in 1895. Sir Charles Harding Firth ( 16 March 1857, Sheffield, England - 19 February 1936, Oxford) was a British As a result the Memoirs have been used until very recently as a major source for historians of the seventeenth century, with only the rediscovery of Ludlow's original manuscript prompting a reassessment. [15]

In 1691–3 four pamphlets were published in Ludlow's name. Like the Memoirs after them, they a were contribution to the Whig cause. Contemporaries variously attributed them to Slingsby Bethel, John Phillips (Milton's nephew), Thomas Percival, and John Toland. [16]

Footnotes

  1. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  2. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  3. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  4. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  5. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  6. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  7. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  8. ^ BBC: The Flowers of the Burren, County Clare, Ireland The BBC report goes on to say that he added ". . . and yet their cattle are very fat; for the grass growing in turfs of earth, of two or three foot square, that lie between the rocks, which are of limestone, is very sweet and nourishing. ". similar quote "The Burren affordeth not a piece of timber sufficient to hang a man, water in any one place to drown a man, or earth enough in any one part to bury him. " A similar quote can be found in "The Journal of Thomas Dineley", 1681, in the National Library of Ireland. Extracts from his journal, including his account of the Clare section of his journey, were published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries, 6 (1867). These appear in an online in "The History and Topography of the County of Clare" by James Frost Part II. History of Thomond Chapter 28 Barony of Burren.
  9. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  10. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  11. ^ John Raithby (ed. 1819), Statutes of the Realm: volume 5: 1628-80 (1819), pp. 226-234. Charles II, 1660: An Act of Free and Generall Pardon Indempnity and Oblivion, XXXIV. Persons excepted by Name who were concerned in the Murder of King Charles I, Date accessed: 18 February 2008. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
  12. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  13. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  14. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
  15. ^ Worden, Blair (2002). Roundhead Reputations: The English Civil War and the Passions of Posterity (Penguin Books), ISBN 0141006943, ch. 1-4.
  16. ^ C. H. Firth, ‘Ludlow , Edmund (1616/17–1692)’, rev. Blair Worden, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 5 Sept 2007
Preceded by
Henry Cromwell
(Lord Lieutenant)		Lord Deputy of Ireland
1659–1660		Succeeded by
The Duke of Albemarle
(Lord Lieutenant)
Henry Cromwell ( 20 January, 1628 &ndash 23 March, 1674) was the fourth son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier The Lord Deputy was the King's representative and head of the Irish executive during the Kingdom of Ireland. George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician
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