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Edmund Bonner

Bonner punishing a heretic from John Foxe’s book (1563)
Born 1500
Died September 5, 1569
the Marshalsea
Nationality English
Occupation Bishop
Known for His role in the persecution of heretics under the Catholic government of Mary I of England

Edmund Bonner (also Edmund Boner)[1] (c. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death 1500 – September 5, 1569), Bishop of London, was an English bishop. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. The Bishop of London is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Initially an instrumental figure in the schism of Henry VIII from Rome, he was antagonized by the Protestant reforms introduced by Somerset and reconciled himself to Roman Catholicism. The word schism (ˈsɪzəm or /ˈskɪzəm/ from the Greek σχίσμα skhísma (from σχίζω skhízō, "to tear to split" Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. } Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (c 1506 &ndash 22nd January 1552 was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in He became notorious as Bloody Bonner for his role in the persecution of heretics under the Catholic government of Mary I of England, and ended his life as a prisoner under Queen Elizabeth. Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death

Contents

Early life

He was the son of Elizabeth Frodsham, who was married to Edmund Bonner, a sawyer of Hanley in Worcestershire. Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. John Strype (Eccles. John Strype ( November 1, 1643 - December 11, 1737) was an English Historian and Biographer. Mem. III. i. 17 2-173) printed an accounting, with many circumstantial details, stating that Bonner was the natural son of George Savage, rector of Davenham, Cheshire, and that his mother married Bonner only after the future bishop's birth. This account was disputed by Strype's contemporary, Sir Edmund Lechmere, who asserted (ib. Annals, I. ii. 300) that Bonner was of legitimate birth.

He was educated at Broadgates Hall, now Pembroke College, Oxford, graduating bachelor of civil and canon law in June 1519. Pembroke College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, located in Pembroke Square. He was ordained about the same time, and admitted doctor of civil law (DCL) in 1525.

An agent of royal supremacy

In 1529 he was Thomas Cardinal Wolsey's chaplain, which brought him to the notice of the king and Thomas Cromwell. Thomas Cardinal Wolsey (c1470–1471 – November 28 or November 29 1530 who was born in Ipswich Suffolk England was an English Statesman and a cardinal Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl of Essex (c 1485 &ndash 28 July 1540) was an English statesman who served as King Henry VIII 's chief minister After the fall of Wolsey he remained faithful to him and was with him at the time of his arrest at Cawood and death at Leicester in 1530. Cawood (Other names Carwood) is a large village in North Yorkshire, England that is notable as the finding-place of the Cawood sword. Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional Subsequently he was transferred, perhaps through Cromwell's influence, to the service of the king, and in January 1532 he was sent to Rome as the king's agent when the question of the king's divorce was raised. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 There he sought to obstruct the judicial proceedings against Henry in the papal curia. The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope In October 1533 he was entrusted with the task of suggesting to Clement VII (while he was the guest of Francis I at Marseille) Henry's appeal from the pope to a general council; but there seems to be no good authority for Gilbert Burnet's story that Clement threatened to have him burnt alive. For the Antipope (1378&ndash1394 see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII ( May 26, 1478 &ndash September Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Gilbert Burnet ( September 18, 1643 – March 17, 1715) was a Scottish theologian and Historian, and Bishop of Salisbury For these and other services Bonner had been rewarded by successive grants of the livings of Cherry Burton (Yorks), Ripple (Worcester), Blaydon (Durham), and East Dereham (Norfolk), and in 1535 he was made archdeacon of Leicester. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. Blaydon (or Blaydon-on-Tyne) is a town in the North East of England in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead Administration The Dereham, also known historically as East Dereham, is a Town and Civil parish in the English County of Norfolk. Norfolk (ˈnɔrfək is a low-lying county in East Anglia, England, United Kingdom. A position of archdeacon is a senior position in Anglicanism, Syrian Malabar Nasrani, and in some other Christian denominations above that of most Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional

During the following years he was much employed on important embassies in the king's interests, first to the pope to appeal against the excommunication pronounced in July 1533, afterwards to the Emperor to dissuade him from attending the general council which the pope wished to summon at Vicenza. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Vicenza, a city in northern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico Towards the end of 1535 he was sent to further what he called "the cause of the Gospel" (Letters and Papers, 1536, No. 469) in North Germany; and in 1536 he wrote a preface to Stephen Gardiner's De vera Obedientia, which asserted the royal and denied the papal supremacy, and was received with delight by the Lutherans. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For the British architect see Stephen Gardiner (architect. Stephen Gardiner (c Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer After a brief embassy to the Emperor in the spring of 1538, Bonner succeeded Gardiner as ambassador to the French Court in Paris. For the British architect see Stephen Gardiner (architect. Stephen Gardiner (c Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city In this capacity he proved capable and successful, though irritation was frequently caused by his overbearing and dictatorial manner. He began his mission by sending Cromwell a long list of accusations against his predecessor. He was almost as bitter against Wyatt and Mason, whom he denounced as a "papist," and the violence of his conduct led Francis I to threaten him with a hundred strokes of the halberd. Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 &ndash October 11, 1542) was a 16th century English lyrical Poet. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 He seems, however, to have pleased his patron, Cromwell, and perhaps Henry, by his energy in seeing the king's "Great" Bible in English through the press in Paris. He was already king's chaplain; his appointment at Paris had been accompanied by promotion to the see of Hereford (27th November 1538) but owing to his absence he could neither be consecrated nor take possession of his see, and he was still abroad when he was translated to the Bishopric of London (October, 1539). The Diocese of Hereford is a Church of England Diocese based in Hereford, covering Herefordshire, southern Shropshire and a few Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Bonner returned to England and was consecrated 4th April, 1540. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.

Hitherto Bonner had had a reputation as a somewhat coarse and unscrupulous tool of Cromwell – a sort of ecclesiastical Wriothesley, he is not known to have protested against any of the changes effected by his masters; he professed to be no theologian, and was in the habit, when asked technical questions, to refer his interrogators to the theologians. Henry Wriothesley 3rd Earl of Southampton (Wriothesley is pronounced "Risly" ( October 6, 1573 &ndash November 10, 1624) one He had graduated in law, and not in theology. There was nothing in the Reformation to appeal to him, except the repudiation of papal control; and he was one of those numerous Englishmen whose views were faithfully reflected in Henry's Act of the Six Articles. The Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion were established in 1563 and are the historic defining statements of Anglican doctrine in relation to the controversies of the Indeed, almost his first duty as Bishop of London was to try heretics under these articles; accusations of excessive cruelty and bias against the accused were spread broadcast by his enemies, and from the first he seems to have been unpopular in London. He became a staunch conservative. During the years 1542-43 he was again abroad in Spain and Germany as ambassador to the emperor, at the end of which time he returned to London. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

The death of the king on 28th January 1547, proved the turning point in Bonner's career. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Hitherto he had shown himself entirely subservient to the sovereign, supporting him in the matter of the divorce, approving of the suppression of the religious houses, taking the oath of Supremacy which Fisher and More refused at the cost of life itself. The Oath of Supremacy, imposed by the Act of Supremacy 1559, provided for any person taking public or church office in England to swear allegiance to the monarch as John Cardinal Fisher (c1469 &ndash 22 June, 1535) from 1935 Saint John Fisher, was an English Catholic bishop cardinal and Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535 from 1935 Saint Thomas More, was an English Lawyer, author and statesman who in his lifetime gained But while accepting the schism from Rome, he had always resisted the innovations of the Reformers, and held to the doctrines of the old religion. Therefore from the first he put himself in opposition to the religious changes introduced by Protector Somerset and Archbishop Cranmer. } Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (c 1506 &ndash 22nd January 1552 was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in Bonner began to doubt that supremacy when he saw to what uses it could be put by a Protestant council, and either he or Gardiner evolved the theory that the royal supremacy was in abeyance during a royal minority. The ground was skilfully chosen, but it was not legally nor constitutionally tenable. Both he and Gardiner had in fact sought fresh licences to exercise their ecclesiastical jurisdiction from the young king Edward VI; and, if he was supreme enough to confer jurisdiction, he was supreme enough to issue the injunctions and order the visitation to which Bonner objected. Edward VI (12 October 1537 &ndash 6 July 1553 became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine It was on this question that he came into conflict with Edward's government.

Realignment with Catholicism

Bonner resisted the visitation of August 1547, and was committed to the Fleet Prison; but he withdrew his opposition, and was released in time to take an active part against the government in the parliament of November 1547. Fleet Prison was a notorious London Prison. It was built in 1197 and situated off what is now Farringdon Street, on the eastern bank of the Fleet River In the next session, November 1548-March 1549, he was a leading opponent of the first Act of Uniformity and Book of Common Prayer. The Act of Uniformity 1549 (citation 2 & 3 Edward VI (reigned 1547 - 1553 c The Book of Common Prayer is the common title of a number of prayer books of the Church of England and used throughout the Anglican Communion. When these became law, he neglected to enforce them, and on September 1, 1549 he was required by the council to maintain at St Paul's Cross that the royal authority was as great as if the king were forty years of age. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. He did so, but with such significant omissions in the matter which had been prescribed touching the king's authority, that after a seven days' trial he was deprived of his bishopric by an ecclesiastical court over which Cranmer presided, and sent as a prisoner to the Marshalsea. The Marshalsea was a notorious prison on the south bank of the River Thames in the London borough of Southwark. The fall of Somerset in the following month raised Bonner's hopes, and he appealed from Cranmer to the council. After a struggle the Protestant faction gained the upper hand, and on February 7, 1550 Bonner's deprivation was confirmed by the council sitting in the Star Chamber, and he was further condemned to perpetual imprisonment. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Here he remained till the accession of Mary in 1553. Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death

Bonner was at once restored to his see, his deprivation being regarded as invalid and Ridley as an intruder. Nicholas Ridley (died October 16, 1555) was an English Clergyman. He vigorously restored Roman Catholicism in his diocese, made no difficulty about submitting to the papal jurisdiction which he had foresworn. During 1554 Bonner carried out a visitation of his diocese, restoring the Mass and the manifold practices and emblems of Catholic life, but the work was carried out slowly and with difficulty. To help in the work, Bonner published a list of thirty-seven "Articles to be enquired of", but these led to such disturbances that they were temporarily withdrawn.

There was in London at this time a determined Reforming element which opposed in every way the restoration of Catholic worship; although the Parliament in 1554 welcomed Pole as Papal Legate and sought absolution and reconciliation from him with apparent unanimity, there was a real hostility to the whole proceeding among a considerable section of the populace. The Reformed churches are a group of Christian Protestant Denominations formally characterized by a similar Calvinist system of doctrine historically Reginald Pole (1500 &ndash November 17, 1558) was an English prelate a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, and the last Roman A Papal Legate – from the Latin authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the Pope to Foreign nations or to some part of the Catholic Street brawls arising out of religious disputes were frequent, and Bonner himself was physically attacked on at least two occasions.

Mary's administration thought that the Reformers would best be dealt with by the ecclesiastical tribunals, rather than by the civil power, and on Bonner, as Bishop of London, fell the chief burden to stamp out religious dissent. Therefore, in 1555 began the persecution to which he owes his notoriety among his detractors as Bloody Bonner. Besides his judicial work in his own diocese, Bonner was appointed to degrade Cranmer at Oxford in February 1556. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The part he took in these affairs gave rise to intense hatred on the part of the Reformers. Foxe in his "Book of Martyrs" summed up this view in two lines:

"This cannibal in three years space three hundred martyrs slew
They were his food, he loved so blood, he spared none he knew. John Foxe (1517 &ndash April 18, 1587) martyrologist is remembered as the author of what is popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs "

His apologists, including defenders of Catholicism in England, contend that his action was merely "official", and that "he had no control" over the fate of the accused "once they were declared to be irreclaimable heretics and handed over to the secular power; but he always strove by gentle suasion first to reconcile them to the Church" (Mr Gairdner, qtd in Catholic Encyclopedia). The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia The Catholic Encyclopedia estimates the number of persons executed as heretics in his jurisdiction as about 120, rather than 300. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia Bonner did not go out of his way to persecute; many of his victims were forced upon him by the king and queen in Council, which at one point addressed a letter to Bonner on the express ground that he was not proceeding with sufficient severity. So completely had the state dominated the church that religious persecutions had become state persecutions, and Bonner was acting as an ecclesiastical sheriff in the most refractory district of the realm. Even John Foxe records instances in which Bonner failed to persecute. John Foxe (1517 &ndash April 18, 1587) martyrologist is remembered as the author of what is popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs

Bonner punishing a heretic from John Foxe’s book (1563)
Bonner punishing a heretic from John Foxe’s book (1563)

Bonner's detractors, beginning with his Protestant contemporaries John Foxe and John Bale and continuing through most English historiography of the period, paint a different picture. John Foxe (1517 &ndash April 18, 1587) martyrologist is remembered as the author of what is popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs For the American baseball player use John Bale (baseball John Bale ( 21 November, 1495 &ndashNovember 1563 was an Bonner, they point out, was one of those who brought it to pass that the condemnation of heretics to the fire should be part of his ordinary official duties, and he was represented as hounding men and women to death with merciless vindictiveness. Cuthbert Tunstall, Bishop of Durham, was as loyal a Roman Catholic as Bonner, but he left a different reputation behind him. Cuthbert Tunstall (or Tonstall) (1474&ndash November 18, 1559) was an English church leader twice Bishop of Durham during the reigns See also List of Bishops of Durham The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican Bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in Bale, formerly a friar and ex-Bishop of Ossory, published from his place of exile at Basle in 1554, an attack on the bishop, in which he speaks of him as "the bloody sheep-bite of London", "bloody Bonner", and still coarser epithets. The Bishop of Ossory is the leader of the Diocese of Ossory in south central Ireland. "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. Bonner is seen at his worst, by many critics, in his brutal jeers at Cranmer, his former superior. Others contend that, in spite of his prominence, neither Henry VIII nor Mary should ever have admitted him to the privy council. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of He seems to have been regarded by his own party as a useful instrument, especially in disagreeable work, rather than as a desirable colleague.

Bonner's most important writings date from this time. They include Responsum et Exhortatio in laudem Sacerdotii (1553); Articles to be enquired of in the General Visitation of Edmund Bishop of London (1554); and Homelies sette forth by Eddmune Byshop of London, . . . to be read within his diocese of London of all Parsons, vycars and curates, unto their parishioners upon Sondayes and holy days (1555). There was also published under his name a catechism, probably written by his chaplains, Harpsfield and Pendleton, entitled "A profitable and necessary doctrine" (1554, 2d ed. 1555).

Under Elizabeth

A man so regarded could expect small consideration when the death of Mary (November 17, 1558) placed Elizabeth on the throne. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers On her accession the new Anglican queen refused to allow him to kiss her hand; but he sat and voted in the parliament and convocation of 1559. From 24 June 1559, the Mass was forbidden as well as all other services not in the Book of Common Prayer, but long before that date the Mass ceased in most London churches, though Bonner took care that in his cathedral at least it should still be celebrated. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place In May he refused to take the oath of supremacy, acquiring like his colleagues consistency with old age. According to an envoy from the Court of Mantua, Bonner resisted orders to remove the service of the Mass by saying, "I possess three things soul, body, and property. Mantua (Màntova in the local dialect of Lombard language Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the Of the two latter, you can dispose at your pleasure, but as to the soul, God alone can command me. " The Council ordered him to resign the bishopric, which he refused to do, adding that he preferred death. He was sent again to the Marshalsea on April 20, 1560. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. During the next two years representatives of the Protestant party frequently clamored for the execution of Bonner and the other imprisoned bishops. When the Parliament of 1563 met, a new Act was passed by which the first refusal of the oath of royal supremacy was praemunire, the second, high treason. The English Protestant Reformation was imposed by the English Crown, and submission to its essential points was exacted by the State with post-Reformation oaths. Praemunire (an error from Latin præmonere to pre-admonish or forewarn was an offence in English law that took its name from the introductory words of the See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country The bishops had refused the oath once, so that by this Act, which became law on April 10, 1563, their next refusal of the oath might be followed by their death. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Thanks to the intervention of the Spanish ambassador, action against the bishops was delayed; but a year later, on April 29, 1564, Bonner was indicted on a charge of praemunire on refusing the oath when tendered him by his diocesan, Bishop Horne of Winchester. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Praemunire (an error from Latin præmonere to pre-admonish or forewarn was an offence in English law that took its name from the introductory words of the Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre He challenged the legality of Horne's consecration, and a special act of parliament was passed to meet the point, while the charge against Bonner was withdrawn. Four times a year for three years he was forced to in the courts at Westminster only to be further remanded. The last of these appearances took place in the Michaelmas term of 1568, so that the last year of the bishop's life was spent in prison. His demeanor during his long imprisonment was remarkable for his cheerfulness, and even Jewel describes him in a letter as "a most courteous man and gentlemanly both in his manners and appearance" (Zurich Letters, I, 34). Bonner never tired of trying to convert others to Catholicism, and never repented of his crimes to Protestants. Bishop Jewel in a letter to Peter Martyr related this event, "Being confined to the tower of London upon accession of Queen Elizabeth, the highest punishement inflicted, he went to visit some of the criminals kept in that prison, and wishing to encourage them, called them his friends and neighbors. Upon this, one of them supposedly answered, "Go beast, into hell, and find your friends there, for we are none of them. I killed but one man upon a provocation, and do truly repent of it; but you have killed many persons of all sorts, without any provocation from them, and are hardened in your impenitence. " He died in the Marshalsea on September 5, 1569, and was buried in St George's, Southwark, at midnight to avoid the risk of a hostile demonstration. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Southwark or The Borough is an area of south-east London in the London Borough of Southwark, situated 1 According to Catholic sources, the coffin was soon secretly removed to Copford, near Colchester, where it was buried under the north side of the altar. Copford is a village and Civil parish in Essex, England west of Colchester. Colchester ( /ˈkəʊltʃɛstə/ is a town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester, in Essex, England.

Bonner in historical memory

Contemporary Catholic writers attributed to Bonner and the other bishops who died in prison the honor of martyrdom: in vinculis obierunt martyres. On the walls of the English College, Rome, an inscription recording the death of the eleven bishops, but without naming them, found a place among the paintings of the martyrs. Bonner was attacked during life with a rare hatred which has followed him into the grave, so that in English history few names have been so execrated and vilified as his.

A more charitable assessment of Bonner's character was made by an Anglican historian, S. R. Maitland, who considers him,

"a man, straightforward and hearty, familiar and humorous, sometimes rough, perhaps coarse, naturally hot tempered, but obviously (by the testimony of his enemies) placable and easily intreated, capable of bearing most patiently much intemperate and insolent language, much reviling and low abuse directed against himself personally, against his order, and against those peculiar doctrines and practices of his church for maintaining which he had himself suffered the loss of all things, and borne long imprisonment. [. . . ] In short, we can scarcely read with attention any one of the cases detailed by those who were no friends of Bonner, without seeing in him a judge who (even if we grant that he was dispensing bad laws badly) was obviously desirous to save the prisoner's life. "

This verdict was generally followed by later historians. Lord Acton in the Cambridge Modern History (1903) argued: "The number of those put to death in his diocese of London was undoubtedly disproportionately large, but this would seem to have been more the result of the strength of the reforming element in the capital and in Essex than of the employment of exceptional rigor; while the evidence also shows that he himself patiently dealt with many of the Protestants, and did his best to induce them to renounce what he conscientiously believed to be their errors. "

Bonner's Homelies to be read within his diocese of London of all Parsons, vycars and curates (1555) were translated into Cornish by John Tregear, and are now the largest single work of traditional Cornish prose. For the Cornish-English dialect see West Country dialects and List of Cornish dialect words.

A bridge, gate in Victoria Park and two streets are named after him in the East End of London. Victoria Park (or 'Vicky' Park as locally known is a large open space that stretches out across part of the East End of London, England bordering parts of Bethnal

His name lives on in folk memory in Norfolk where ladybirds are named bishibarnabees (Bishop Bonner's bee) perhaps after their ecclesiastical colouring, or, more likely, the association of red and black with blood and death. The Norfolk dialect, also known as Broad Norfolk, is a Dialect that was once spoken by those living in the County of Norfolk in England Just so, Bonner will be forever remembered as "Bloody Bonner".

References


Persondata
NAME Bonner, Edmund
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Boner, Edmund
SHORT DESCRIPTION Bishop of London, was an English bishop
DATE OF BIRTH 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH
DATE OF DEATH September 5, 1569
PLACE OF DEATH the Marshalsea
The Bishop of London is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight
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