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Ecuadorian sucre
1000 sucres, 1996 Ecuadorian Sucre notes used in the last years before dollarization.
1000 sucres, 1996 Ecuadorian Sucre notes used in the last years before dollarization.
ISO 4217 Code ECS
User(s) Ecuador
Subunit
1/100 centavo
Symbol S/. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Centavo is a Spanish and Portuguese word derived from the Latin centum, meaning "one hundred" and the suffix -avo A currency sign is a graphic symbol often used as a shorthand for a Currency 's name
Plural sucres
centavo centavos
Coins 100, 500, 1000 sucres
Banknotes 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000 sucres
Central bank Banco Central del Ecuador
Website www.bce.fin.ec/
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. Plural is a Grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the Referent in the real world Centavo is a Spanish and Portuguese word derived from the Latin centum, meaning "one hundred" and the suffix -avo A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is the entity responsible for the Monetary policy of a country or of a group of member states The Central Bank of Ecuador (Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE is the Central bank of Ecuador.

The sucre was the currency of Ecuador between 1884 and 2000. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Its ISO code was ECS and it was subdivided into 10 decimos or 100 centavos. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Centavo is a Spanish and Portuguese word derived from the Latin centum, meaning "one hundred" and the suffix -avo The sucre was named after Antonio José de Sucre. Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá ( February 3 1795 &ndash June 4 1830) was a South American independence leader

Contents

History

Main article: Currency of Ecuador

The Ecuadorian peso was renamed the sucre on March 22, 1884, and firmly placed on the silver standard. This article provides a historical summary of the Currency used in Ecuador. The peso was a Currency of Ecuador until 1884 History Peso was the name of the 8 reales coins circulating in Ecuador since the Spanish colonial period Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The silver standard is a Monetary system in which the standard economic Unit of account is a fixed weight of Silver. The sucre was defined as 22. 5 g fine silver (equivalent to 5 francs of the Latin Monetary Union). The franc (represented by the franc sign ₣ or more commonly just F) is a former Currency of France. The Latin Monetary Union ( LMU) was a 19th century attempt to unify several European currencies into a single currency that could be Substandard coins were withdrawn between 1887 and 1892, only high-quality silver remaining in circulation.

The fall in the international price of silver accelerated in the 1890s, and on November 3, 1898 Ecuador switched to the gold standard, with the sucre defined as 732. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common media of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set fixed quantities of Gold 224 mg fine gold (equivalent to 2 shillings sterling). The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency

Like so many other currencies, the sucre became inconvertible shortly after World War I began in 1914. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The exchange rate kept falling, despite extensive measures to support it. It was finally stabilized during 1926, and on March 4, 1927 Ecuador went on the gold exchange standard, with the sucre equal to 300. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 933 mg fine gold or US$0. 20 (a devaluation of 58. 8%).

The gold exchange standard was suspended February 8, 1932. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Exchange controls were adopted April 30 and the official rate was fixed at 5. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 95 (buying) per U.S. dollar. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been After the price of silver rose above the nominal value of most silver coins in the 1930s, Ecuador embargoed the export of silver (May 17, 1935). Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This was followed by numerous adjustments to the foreign exchange system as the sucre continued to depreciate. Foreign exchange controls were finally lifted in September 1937 and the official rate was set at 13•5 sucre per U. S. dollar. The sucre was devalued to 14. 77 sucre per dollar on June 4, 1940 and exchange controls were reimposed. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The official rate became 14 in 1942 and 13. 5 in 1944.

Parity was registered with the International Monetary Fund on December 18, 1946 at 65. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 827 mg fine gold (13. 5 per US$), but a system of multiple exchange rates was adopted in 1947. The sucre's IMF par was devalued to 15 sucre per dollar in 1950, to 18 in 1961, and to 25 in 1970.

The sucre maintained a fairly stable exchange rate against the U. S. dollar until 1983, when it was devalued to 42 per dollar and a crawling peg was adopted. Crawling peg is an Exchange rate regime usually seen as a part of Fixed exchange rate regimes which allows Depreciation or Appreciation in an Depreciation gained momentum and the free market rate was over 800 per dollar by 1990 and almost 3000 in 1995.

The sucre lost 67% of its foreign exchange value during 1999, then in one week nosedived 17%, ending at 25,000 sucre = 1 U. S. dollar on January 7, 2000. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. On January 9, President Jamil Mahuad announced that the US dollar would be adopted as Ecuador's official currency. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt (born July 29, 1949) was President of Ecuador from August 10, 1998 to January 21, The US dollar became legal tender in Ecuador March 13, 2000 and sucre notes ceased being legal tender on September 11. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Sucre notes remained exchangeable at Banco Central until March 30, 2001 at 25,000 sucres per dollar. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Coins

In 1884, cupro-nickel ½ and 1 centavo, and ½ decimo, and silver 1 and 2 decimos, ½ and 1 sucre coins were introduced. Centavo coins minted as subdivisions of the peso continued to circulate after the introduction of the sucre. Copper replaced cupronickel in the ½ and 1 centavo in 1890, whilst silver ½ decimo coins were introduced in 1893. The 10-centavos coin was called a real, with the 5-centavos coin known as a medio (meaning half). Gold 10 sucres were issued in 1899 and 1900.

In 1909, cupro-nickel ½, 1, 2 and 5 centavos coins were issued, followed by 2½ centavos in 1917 and 10 centavos in 1918. Production of silver coins was suspended in 1916. In 1928, a new coinage was introduced consisting of a bronze 1 centavo, nickel 2½, 5 and 10 centavos, silver 50 centavos, 1 and 2 sucres, and gold 1 condor. The 1 sucre coin was reduced from 25 grams of 90% silver to 5 grams of 72% silver, whilst the condor, worth 25 sucres, was equivalent to a U. S. quarter eagle coin. The quarter eagle was a coin issued by the United States with a denomination of two hundred and fifty cents or two dollars and fifty cents The new coins were dubbed Ayoras after the president, Isidro Ayora. Isidro Ayora (1879 - 1978 was an Ecuadorian Political figure. In 1937, nickel 20 centavos and 1 sucre coins were introduced, followed by brass 5, 10 and 20 centavos in 1942 and silver 5 sucres in 1943. The last silver coins (2 and 5 sucres) were struck in 1944.

Cupro-nickel replaced brass in the 5, 10 and 20 centavos in 1946, with a cupro-nickel 1 sucre introduced in 1959. 1959 also saw the introduction of nickel-clad steel 20 centavos, with this metal replacing others in the 5, 10 and 50 centavos and 1 sucre between 1963 and 1970.

In 1988, nickel-clad steel coins for 10, 20 and 50 sucres were introduced, whilst high inflation in the 1990s lead to bi-metallic coins for 100, 500 and 1000 sucres being introduced between 1995 and 1996. Bi-metallic coins are Coins consisting of more than one Metal or Alloy, generally arranged with an outer ring around a contrasting center

Banknotes

The first sucre-denominated banknotes were issued by private banks. The Banco del Ecuador issued provisional notes for 80 centavos and 4 sucres between 1885 and 1887 due to a conversion rate of 5 pesos = 4 sucres for the earlier notes of this bank. Regular notes were issued until 1926 in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 sucres. 1 sucre notes were issued by the Banco Anglo-Ecuatoriano in 1885 and 1886, and by the Banco de Quito in 1885.

The Banco de la Unión issued notes between 1887 and 1895 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 100 sucres, whilst the Banco Internacional issued notes between 1887 and 1894 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100, 500 and 1000 sucres. The Banco Comercial y Agricola issued notes between 1895 and 1925 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 sucres. The Banco del Pinchincha issued notes for 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 10 sucres between 1907 and 1924. The Banco del Azuay issued 1, 2, 5 and 10 sucres notes between 1914 and 1924. The Campañia de Crédito Agricola e Industrial issued 2 and 10 sucres notes in 1921. Finally, the Banco de Decuento issued 5 and 50 sucres notes in 1923 and 1924.

In 1926, the Caja Central de Emisión y Amortización was established to effect the transition of currency issues from private banks to a central bank. It issued notes in 1926 and 1927 in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 1000 sucres which were overprints on the notes of private banks.

The first notes of the Central Bank (Banco Central del Ecuador Sociedad Anonima) were issued in 1928 in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 sucres. These notes had a gold redemption clause, e. g. ,Pagará al portador á la vista CINCO SUCRES en oro ó giros oro (promises to pay the bearer at sight FIVE SUCRES in gold or gold exchange). The gold clause was retained on Banco Central's notes until 1939, when the text was modified to Pagará al portador á la vista CINCO SUCRES. Additional denominations of 500 and 1000 sucres were authorized in 1944.

In 1949-1950 Banco Central introduced new notes of reduced size (157 × 68 mm) in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 sucres, and dropped the phrase Pagará al portador á la vista (will pay to the bearer at sight), leaving only the literal counter (i. e. , the denomination). All banknotes circulated since 1928 had been printed by the American Bank Note Company, but Waterlow was now given the contract for the 5 and 50 sucre notes, which were the first Ecuadorian notes to have a security thread. In the late 1950s Waterlow was dropped in favour of Thomas de La Rue, which printed 5, 20, 50 and 100 sucre notes, while American Bank Note continued printing 5, 10, 20 and 100 sucre notes. Notes of both printers shared the same basic design, but while American Bank Note used collared planchets as a security device, de La Rue used a metal thread. These notes went through several modifications, and inflorescent security ink was introduced about 1970. A small-size 1000-sucre note was finally put into circulation in 1973.

The next change came in 1975, when the back of all circulating notes was redesigned to show the new national coat of arms. A small-size 500 sucre note appeared at the end of the 70s.

Beginning in 1984, the title Banco Central del Ecuador appears on the notes, without Sociedad Anonima. And a printer's imprint no longer appears on the notes. As inflation gained momentum, higher denominations were introduced: 5000 in 1987, 10,000 in 1988, 20,000 in 1995 and 50,000 in 1996.

Obverse & Reverse Value (S/. ) Dimensions Main colour Depicted person (obverse)
5 140 x 65 mm Red Antonio Jose de Sucre
10 140 x 65 mm BlueOrange Sebastián de Belalcázar
20 140 x 65 mm Brown la Compañía de Jesús, Quito
50 140 x 65 mm Green Monumento a los Proceres del 9 de Octubre de 1820
100 140 x 65 mm Black Simon Bolivar
500 140 x 65 mm Purple and yellow Dr. Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo
1000 140 x 65 mm Brown Rumiñahui
5,000 140 x 65 mm Brown and blue Juan Montalvo
10,000 140 x 65 mm Brown Vicente Rocafuerte
20,000 140 x 65 mm Brown Gabriel Garcia Moreno
50,000 140 x 65 mm Orange and green Eloy Alfaro

Notes used during the last years of the sucre (together with 100, 500 and 1000 sucre coins) include:

Historic exchange rates

Sucres per U. S. Dollar:

See also

References

External links

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