Economy of Burma
Currency	kyat (MMK)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March
Trade organisations	WTO, ASEAN
Statistics
GDP (PPP)	$85. The kyat ( dʒɛʔ or tʃɛʔ ISO 4217 code MMK is the Currency of Myanmar / Burma. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly referred to as ASEAN, ˈɑːsiːɑːn AH-see-ahn in English (the Official language The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 2 billion (2006 est. ) (66th)
GDP growth	3% (2006 est. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation )
GDP per capita	$1,800 (2006 est. )
GDP by sector	agriculture: 50%, industry: 15%, services: 35% (2006 est. )
Inflation (CPI)	21. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time CPI redirects here For other uses see CPI (disambiguation. A consumer price index ( CPI) is a measure of the average price of consumer 4% (2006 est. )
Population below poverty line	25% (2006 est. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country )
Labour force	28. 49 million (2006 est. )
Labour force by occupation	agriculture: 70%, industry: 7%, services: 23% (2001)
Unemployment	10. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. 2% (2006 est. )
Main industries	Agricultural Processing, Textiles and Footwear, Wood and Wood Products, Metallurgical industry(Copper, Tin, Tungsten, Iron), Construction Materials, Pharmaceuticals, Fertilizer industry
External
Exports	$3. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Tungsten (ˈtʌŋstən also known as wolfram (/ˈwʊlfrəm/ is a Chemical element that has the symbol W and Atomic number 74 Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 56 billion f. o. b. note: official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh (2006)
Export goods	clothing, gas, wood products, pulses, beans, fish, rice
Main export partners	Thailand 48. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj 4%, India 12. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country 6%, the China 5. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES 2%, Japan 5. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. 1% (2006)
Imports	$1. 98 billion f. o. b. note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2004)
Import goods	fabric, petroleum products, plastics, machinery, transport equipment, construction materials, crude oil; food products
Main import partners	China 33. 6%, Thailand 21. 2%, Singapore 15. Singapore 7%, Malaysia 4. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and 6%, South Korea 4. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː 1% (2006)
Public finances
Public debt	$7. 162 billion (2006 est. )
Revenues	$473. 3 million (FY04/05 est. )
Expenses	$716. 6 million; including capital expenditures of $5. 7 billion (FY04/05 est. )
Economic aid	recipient: $127 million (2001 est. )
Main data source: CIA World Factbook All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars
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Burma is one of the poorest nations in the world, suffering from decades of stagnation, mismanagement, and isolation. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Burma’s GDP grows only 2. 9% annually -- the lowest rate of economic growth in the Greater Mekong Subregion. ^[1]

Burma is also the poorest country in Asia, with a nominal GDP per capita of only $230 (2003), and ranks 174th out of 180 in terms of nominal GDP per capita in the world, thus being classified by the UN as one of the "least developed countries".

Under British administration, Burma was one of the wealthiest countries in Southeast Asia. It was once the world's largest exporter of rice. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many During British administration, Burma supplied oil through the Burmah Oil Company. An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is The Burmah Oil Company was founded in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1896 by David Sime Cargill to develop oil interests on the Indian subcontinent. Burma also had a wealth of natural and labor resources. It produced 75% of the world's teak, and had a highly literate population. Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia ^[2] The country was believed to be on the fast track to development. ^[2]

After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu attempted to make Burma a welfare state. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. U Nu (ဦးနု ú nṵ otherwise known as Thakin Nu 25 May 1907 – 14 February 1995) was a leading Burmese Nationalist This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom. His administration adopted the Two-Year Economic Development Plan, which was a failure. ^[3]

When Burma gained independence in 1948, it was believed to be on its way to become the first Asian Tiger in the region. The term Four Asian Tigers or East Asian Tigers refers to the Economies of South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore However, after the military dictatorship seized power in 1962, Burma became an isolated and impoverished nation.

After the 1962 military coup d'état, the military government introduced an economic plan called the Burmese Way to Socialism, under which the military regime nationalized all industries with the exception of agriculture. The Burmese Way to Socialism is the name of the ideology of Burmese ruler Ne Win, who ruled the country from 1962 to 1988 In 1989, the Burmese government began decentralizing economic control. It has since liberalized certain sectors of the economy. ^[4] The government heavily regulates lucrative industries, such as gems, oil, and forestry. Foreign corporations have partnered with the government to gain access to these natural resources. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business

The economy of Burma is currently mixed. An economic system is a System that involves the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services between Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. A mixed economy is an Economic system that incorporates aspects of more than one economic system The private sector dominates in agriculture, light industry, and transport activities, while the military government controls mainly energy, heavy industry, and rice trade. In Economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private Profit and is not controlled by the State. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Light industry is usually less Capital intensive than Heavy industry, and is more Consumer -oriented than Business -oriented (i In Physics and other Sciences energy (from the Greek grc ἐνέργεια - Energeia, "activity operation" from grc ἐνεργός Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry.

Burma was designated a least developed country in 1987. Least Developed Countries ( LDCs or Fourth World countries are Countries which according to the United Nations exhibit the lowest ^[5] Private enterprises are often co-owned or indirectly owned by the Tatmadaw. Defense Policy and Doctrine Defence Policy of Myanmar Tatmadaw was formally declared in February 1999. In recent years, both China and India have attempted to strengthen ties with the government for economic benefit. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Many nations, including the United States, Canada, and the European Union, have imposed investment and trade sanctions on Burma. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Foreign investment comes primarily from China, Singapore, South Korea, India, and Thailand. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Singapore South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj ^[6]

In the eleven years from 1989-1999, the military government tried to revitalize the economy after three decades of tight central planning. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) However the regime has recently canceled its reforms. Despite this, the private sector continues to grow albeit slowly.

Contents 1 Macro-economic trend 2 Economy Today 3 Tourism 3.1 Trade volume of Burma 4 Humanitarian Aid 5 Recent Economic Protests 6 Other statistics 7 Footnotes 8 See also 9 External links

Macro-economic trend

This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Burma at market prices estimated by the International Monetary Fund and EconStats with figures in millions of Myanma kyats. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The kyat ( dʒɛʔ or tʃɛʔ ISO 4217 code MMK is the Currency of Myanmar / Burma.

Year	Gross Domestic Product	US dollar exchange[7]	Inflation index (2000=100)
1965	7,627
1970	10,437
1975	23,477
1980	38,608
1985	55,988
1990	151,941
1995	604,728

Though foreign investment has been encouraged, it has so far met with only moderate success. This is because foreign investors have been adversely affected by the junta government policies and because of international pressure to boycott the junta government. A military dictatorship is a Form of government wherein the political power resides with the Military; it is similar but not identical to a Stratocracy, The United States has placed trade sanctions on Burma. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The European Union has placed embargoes on arms, non-humanitarian aid, visa bans on military regime leaders, and limited investment bans. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Both the European Union and the U. S. have placed sanctions on grounds of human rights violations in the country. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled However, many nations in Asia, particularly India, Thailand and China have actively traded with Burma. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

The public sector enterprises remain highly inefficient and also privatization efforts have stalled. The estimates of Burmese foreign trade are highly ambiguous because of the great volume of black market trading. A major ongoing problem is the failure to achieve monetary and fiscal stability. Monetary policy is the process by which the Government, Central bank, or monetary authority of a country controls (i the Supply of Money, Due to this, Burma remains a poor country with no improvement of living standards for the majority of the population over the past decade. The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these goods and services are distributed within a population The main causes for continued sluggish growth are poor government planning, internal unrest, minimal foreign investment and the large trade deficit. The balance of trade (or net exports, sometimes symbolized as NX) is the difference between the monetary value of Exports and imports in an One of the recent government initiatives is to utilize Burma's large natural gas deposits. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Currently, Burma has attracted investment from Thai, Malaysian, Russian, Australian, Indian, and Singaporean companies. [2]

Burma is the poorest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita. (nominally $97 as in 2005)

According to the CIA World Factbook [3],

“

Burma, a resource-rich country, suffers from pervasive government controls, inefficient economic policies, and rural poverty. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The junta took steps in the early 1990s to liberalize the economy after decades of failure under the "Burmese Way to Socialism," but those efforts stalled, and some of the liberalization measures were rescinded. Burma does not have monetary or fiscal stability, so the economy suffers from serious macroeconomic imbalances - including inflation, multiple official exchange rates that overvalue the Burmese kyat, and a distorted interest rate regime. Most overseas development assistance ceased after the junta began to suppress the democracy movement in 1988 and subsequently refused to honor the results of the 1990 legislative elections. In response to the government of Burma's attack in May 2003 on Aung San Suu Kyi and her convoy, the US imposed new economic sanctions against Burma - including a ban on imports of Burmese products and a ban on provision of financial services by US persons. Aung San Suu Kyi ( àunsʰánsṵtʃì born 19 June 1945 in Rangoon, is a pro- Democracy activist and leader of the National League for A poor investment climate further slowed the inflow of foreign exchange. The most productive sectors will continue to be in extractive industries, especially oil and gas, mining, and timber. Other areas, such as manufacturing and services, are struggling with inadequate infrastructure, unpredictable import/export policies, deteriorating health and education systems, and corruption. A major banking crisis in 2003 shuttered the country's 20 private banks and disrupted the economy. As of December 2005, the largest private banks operate under tight restrictions limiting the private sector's access to formal credit. Official statistics are inaccurate. Published statistics on foreign trade are greatly understated because of the size of the black market and unofficial border trade - often estimated to be as large as the official economy. Burma's trade with Thailand, China, and India is rising. Though the Burmese government has good economic relations with its neighbors, better investment and business climates and an improved political situation are needed to promote foreign investment, exports, and tourism.

”

Economy Today

Today, Burma lacks adequate infrastructure. Goods travel primarily across the Burmese-Thai border, whence most illegal drugs are exported, and along the Ayeyarwady River. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Ayeyarwady River or Irrawaddy River ( is a River that flows from north to south of Burma (Myanmar Railroads are old and rudimentary, with few repairs since their construction in the 1800s. ^[8] Highways are normally unpaved, except in the major cities. ^[8] Energy shortages are common throughout the country including in Yangon. Yangon (also known as Rangoon) is the largest city and a former capital of Burma. Myanmar is also the world's second largest producer of opium, accounting for 8% of entire world production and is a major source of narcotics, including amphetamines. Opium is a Narcotic formed from the Latex (ie sap released by lacerating (or "scoring" the immature seed pods of opium poppies ( The term narcotic (ναρκωτικός is believed to have been coined by the Greek physician Galen to refer to agents that benumb or deaden causing loss Amphetamine, and related drugs such as Methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine ^[9] Other industries include agricultural goods, textiles, wood products, construction materials, gems, metals, oil and natural gas.

The major agricultural product is rice which covers about 60% of the country’s total cultivated land area. Rice accounts for 97% of total food grain production by weight. Through collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 52 modern rice varieties were released in Myanmar between 1966 and 1997, helping increase national rice production to 14 million tons in 1987 and to 19 million tons in 1996. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI is an autonomous Non-profit, Agricultural Research and training organization with offices in more Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many By 1988, modern varieties were planted on half of the country’s ricelands, including 98 percent of the irrigated areas [4]PDF (21. 2 KiB). A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International

The lack of an educated workforce skilled in modern technology contributes to the growing problems of the Burmese economy. ^[10] 1. 1

Inflation is a serious problem for the Burmese economy. In April 2007, the National League for Democracy organized a two-day workshop on the economy. The National League for Democracy (အမျိုးသားဒီမိုကရေစီအဖွဲ့ချုပ် is a Burmese political party founded on 27 September The workshop concluded that skyrocketing inflation was impeding economic growth. “Basic commodity prices have increased from 30 to 60 percent since the military regime promoted a salary increase for government workers in April 2006,” said Soe Win, the moderator of the workshop. “Inflation is also correlated with corruption. ” Myint Thein, an NLD spokesperson, added: “Inflation is the critical source of the current economic crisis. ” ^[11]

Tourism

Since 1992, the government has encouraged tourism. However, fewer than 750,000 tourists enter the country annually. ^[12]

Tourism remains nevertheless a growing sector of the economy of Burma. Burma has diverse and varied tourist attractions and is served internationally by numerous airlines via direct flights. Domestic and foreign airlines also operate flights within the country. Cruise ships also dock at Yangon. Overland entry with a border pass is permitted at several border checkpoints. The government requires a valid passport with an entry visa for all tourists and business people. Both the tourist visa and business visa are valid for 28 days, renewable for an additional 14 days for tourism and 3 months for business. Seeing Burma through a personal tour guide is popular. Travelers can hire guides through travel agencies.

Trade volume of Burma

2006-2007 Financial Year Trade volume (in US$ 000,000)

Sr. No.	Description	2006-2007 Budget Trade Volume			2006-2007 Real Trade Volume
		Export	Import	Trade Volume	Export	Import	Trade Volume
1	Normal Trade	4233. 60	2468. 40	6702. 00	4585. 47	2491. 33	7076. 80
2	Border Trade	814. 00	466. 00	1280. 00	647. 21	445. 40	1092. 61
	Total	5047. 60	2934. 40	7982. 00	5232. 68	2936. 73	8169. 41

Total Trade Value for Financial year 2003-2004 to Financial year 2006-2007

No	Financial Year	Export Value	Import Value	Trade Value (US$, 000,000)
1	2003-2004	2356. 82	2239. 97	4596. 79
2	2004-2005	2927. 83	1973. 58	4901. 41
3	2005-2006	3558. 03	1984. 41	5542. 44
4	2006-2007	5232. 68	2936. 73	8169. 41

Humanitarian Aid

In April 2007, the U. S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) identified the financial and other restrictions that the military government places on international humanitarian assistance in the Southeast Asian country. The Government Accountability Office ( GAO) is the Audit, Evaluation, and investigative arm of the United States Congress.

The GAO report, entitled "Assistance Programs Constrained in Burma," outlines the specific efforts of the Burmese government to hinder the humanitarian work of international organizations, including by restricting the free movement of international staff within the country. The report notes that the regime has tightened its control over assistance work since former Prime Minister Khin Nyunt was purged in October 2004. Furthermore, the reports states that the military government passed guidelines in February 2006, which formalized Burma's restrictive policies. According to the report, the guidelines require that programs run by humanitarian groups "enhance and safeguard the national interest" and that international organizations coordinate with state agents and select their Burmese staff from government-prepared lists of individuals. United Nations officials have declared these restrictions unacceptable. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security

"The shameful behavior of Burma's military regime in tying the hand of humanitarian organizations is laid out in these pages for all to see, and it must come to an end," said U. S. Representative Tom Lantos (D-CA). Thomas Peter Lantos ( February 1 1928 – February 11 2008) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives "In eastern Burma, where the military regime has burned or otherwise destroyed over 3,000 villages, humanitarian relief has been decimated. At least one million people have fled their homes and many are simply being left to die in the jungle. "

U. S. Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) said that the report "underscores the need for democratic change in Burma, whose military regime arbitrarily arrests, tortures, rapes and executes its own people, ruthlessly persecutes ethnic minorities, and bizarrely builds itself a new capital city while failing to address the increasingly urgent challenges of refugee flows, illicit narcotics and human trafficking, and the spread of HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (also known as Ileana Ros; born Ileana Ros y Adato July 15 1952) is a Republican United States Representative " ^[13]

Recent Economic Protests

The Burmese military junta detained eight people on Sunday, April 22, 2007 who took part in a rare demonstration in a Yangon suburb amid a growing military crackdown on protesters. A group of about ten protesters carrying placards and chanting slogans staged the protest Sunday morning in Yangon's Thingangyun township, calling for lower prices and improved health, education and better utility services. The protest ended peacefully after about 70 minutes, but plainclothes police took away eight demonstrators as some 100 onlookers watched. It could not immediately be determined if they were arrested on criminal charges. The protesters carried placards with slogans such as "Down with consumer prices. "

The junta tolerates little dissent and strictly curbs press freedoms. Some of those detained were the same protesters who took part in a downtown Yangon protest on February 22, 2007, said the witnesses who did not want to be identified for fear of reprisals by the government. That protest was one of the first demonstrations in recent years to challenge the junta's economic mismanagement rather than its legal right to rule. The protesters detained in the February rally had said they were released after signing an acknowledgment of police orders that they should not hold any future public demonstrations without first obtaining official permission. ^[14]

The Burmese military government stated its intention to crack down on these human rights activists, according to an April 23, 2007, report in the country’s official press. The announcement, that comprised a full page of the official newspaper, followed calls by human rights advocacy groups, including London-based Amnesty International, for Burmese authorities to investigate recent violent attacks on rights activists in the country. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to

Two members of Human Rights Defenders and Promoters, Maung Maung Lay, 37, and Myint Naing, 40, were hospitalized with head injuries following attacks by more than 50 people while the two were working in Hinthada township, Irrawaddy Division in mid-April. Human Rights Defenders and Promoters was formed in 2002 in Burma to raise awareness among the people of Burma about their Human rights and help them conduct advocacy On Sunday, April 22, 2007, eight people were arrested by plainclothes police, members of the pro-junta Union Solidarity and Development Association, and the Pyithu Swan Arr Shin (a paramilitary group) while demonstrating peacefully in a Rangoon suburb. The eight protesters were calling for lower commodity prices, better health-care and improved utility services. Htin Kyaw, 44, one of the eight who also took part in an earlier demonstration in late February in downtown Rangoon, was beaten by a mob, according to sources at the scene of the protest.

Reports from Burmese opposition activists have emerged in recent weeks saying that Burmese authorities have directed the police and other government proxy groups to deal harshly with any sign of unrest in Rangoon. “This proves that there is no rule of law [in Burma],” the 88 Generation Students group said in a statement issued on April 23, 2007. “We seriously urge the authorities to prevent violence in the future and to guarantee the safety of every citizen. ” ^[15]

Other statistics

Electricity - production: 7. 393 billion kWh (1998)

Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 61. 72%
hydro: 38. 28%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1998)

Electricity - consumption: 6. 875 billion kWh (1998)

Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)

Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998)

Agriculture - products: paddy rice, maize, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; hardwood

Currency: 1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas

Exchange rates: kyats per US dollar - 5. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Pulses are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve Grains or Seeds of variable size shape and color within a Pod, according The kyat ( dʒɛʔ or tʃɛʔ ISO 4217 code MMK is the Currency of Myanmar / Burma. 82 (2005), 5. 7459 (2004), 6. 0764 (2003), 6. 5734 (2002), 6. 6841 (2001) note: these are official exchange rates; unofficial exchange rates ranged in 2004 from 815 kyat/US dollar to nearly 970 kyat/US dollar, and by year-end 2005, the unofficial exchange rate was 1,075 kyat/US dollar.

Footnotes

See also

External links

• News, information, journals, magazines related to Burmese business and commerce
• Myanmar Commerce Online Licence Services, Information Services website
• Myanmar Commerce Information Services website

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