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Ecma International is an international, private (membership-based) standards organization for information and communication systems. A standards organization, standards body, standards development organization or SDO is any entity whose primary activities are developing coordinating It acquired its name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) changed its name to reflect the organization's international reach. As a consequence, the name is no longer considered an acronym and no longer uses full capitalization.

The organization was originally founded in 1961 to standardize computer systems in Europe. Membership is open to companies that produce, market or develop computer or communication systems in Europe. It is located in Geneva. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking

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Aims

The aims of Ecma International are to develop, in co-operation with the appropriate National, European and International organizations Standards and Technical Reports in order to facilitate and standardize the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Consumer Electronics (CE); encourage the correct use of Standards by influencing the environment in which they are applied; and publish these Standards and Technical Reports in electronic and printed form; the publications can be freely copied by all interested parties without restrictions.

For over forty years Ecma has actively contributed to world-wide standardization in information technology and telecommunications. More than 370 Ecma Standards and 90 Technical Reports have been published, more than 2/3 of which have also been adopted as International Standards and/or Technical Reports.

Unlike national standardization bodies, Ecma is a membership-based organization; it prides itself on the resulting "business-like" approach to standards, claimed to lead to better standards in less time thanks to a less bureaucratic process focused on getting results by consensus.

Ecma standards

Ecma International is currently responsible for several standards, including the following:

Although Sun Microsystems submitted its Java programming language to Ecma, Sun subsequently withdrew the submission. CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable ISO 9660 a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO defines a File system for CD-ROM media C# (pronounced C Sharp is a Multi-paradigm C++/CLI ( Common Language Infrastructure) is Microsoft 's language specification intended to supersede Managed Extensions for C++. The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI is an open Specification (published under ECMA-335 and ISO/IEC 23271 developed by Microsoft that describes the executable ECMAScript is a Scripting language, standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification. Eiffel is an ISO -standardized Object-oriented Programming language designed to enable programmers to efficiently develop extensible reusable reliable Universal 3D (U3D is a compressed file format for 3D data The format was defined by a special consortium called 3D Industry Forum that brought together a diverse Office Open XML (also referred to as OOXML or OpenXML) is a File format for representing Spreadsheets Charts Presentations Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services Thus, Ecma is not responsible for the standardization of Java. [8]

Ecma has also been given the responsibility of steering the first international standards for Holographic Versatile Discs, a next-generation high density storage medium capable of holding hundreds of gigabytes through to several terabytes on a CD-sized disk. The Holographic Versatile Disc ( HVD) is an optical disc technology that would hold up to 3 A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer A terabyte (derived from the prefix Tera- and commonly abbreviated TB) is a measurement term for data storage capacity. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio Ecma expects to submit a proposed standard to the International Organization for Standardization for ISO approval, around December 2006. [9]

The Ecma Office Open XML formats

Ecma is involved in the standardization of the Ecma Office Open XML format developed by Microsoft for office documents. Office Open XML (also referred to as OOXML or OpenXML) is a File format for representing Spreadsheets Charts Presentations The standardization process to get to an Official Ecma standard is currently performed by technical committee 45 (TC45).

The Eco Declaration

In Ecma International Standard 370, Ecma joined forces with the Scandinavian IT Eco Declaration[10] organisation to put forward a guideline for informing consumers about the environmental practices of the manufacturers of ICT and consumer electronics products.

The IT Eco Declaration includes information on the environmental practices of the manufacturer as well as product features, such as environmentally conscious design, batteries, acoustic noise, electrical safety, energy consumption, chemical emissions, substances and materials included, and packaging. This makes it easy to compare different suppliers and their products, as they all present the environmental features of their products in the same way, through a common industry standard reporting form.

References

  1. ^ Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange. Ecma International (december 1987). Retrieved on 2007-07-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to
  2. ^ Standard ECMA-334, C# Language Specification. Ecma International. Retrieved on Jun, 2005.
  3. ^ Standard ECMA-335, Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). Ecma International. Retrieved on August 31, 2005.
  4. ^ Standard ECMA-262, ECMAScript Language Specification. Ecma International. Retrieved on December, 1999.
  5. ^ Standard ECMA-367, Eiffel analysis, design and programming Language. Ecma International. Retrieved on June, 2005.
  6. ^ Standard ECMA-341, Environmental design considerations for electronic products. Ecma International. Retrieved on December, 2004.
  7. ^ Standard ECMA-363, Universal 3D File Format. Ecma International. Retrieved on August, 2005.
  8. ^ Sun to retain grip on Java. Infoworld Electric. Retrieved on December 8, 1999.
  9. ^ Holographic storage standards eyed. eeTimes. Retrieved on 2005-02-28, 2005. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  10. ^ IT Eco Declaration

See also

External links

This is a list of standards published by Ecma International, formerly the European Computer Manufacturers Association European Committee for Standardization or Comité Européen de Normalisation ( CEN) is a private non-profit organisation whose mission is to foster the European economy
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