Eaton A. Hodgkinson (February 26, 1789 - June 18, 1861) was an English engineer, a pioneer of the application of mathematics to problems of structural design. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and
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Early life
Hodgkinson was born in the village of Anderton, near Great Budworth, Cheshire to a farming family. Anderton with Marbury is a Civil parish in the Vale Royal district of Cheshire, England. Great Budworth is a Civil parish and Village in the County of Cheshire, in the north west of England, north of Northwich Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture His father died when Hodgkinson was six years old and he was raised with his two sisters by his mother who maintained the farming business. She sent her son to Witton Grammar School in Northwich where he studied the classics with the intention that he would fulfill the family's ambition that he prepares for a career in the Church of England. Sir John Deane's College is a Sixth form college in Northwich, Cheshire, UK. Northwich is a town in Cheshire, England. It lies in the heart of the Cheshire Plain, at the confluence of the rivers "Classical literature" redirects here For literature in Classical languages outside the Graeco-Roman sphere see Ancient literature. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Unfortunately, the regime was unsuited to his tastes and talents which were already showing promise in mathematics. His mother moved him to a less prestigious private school in Northwich where his enthusiasm for mathematics was encouraged and fostered but, as the young Hodgkinson grew physically, he became indispensable on the family farm and soon left education to devote himself there.
However, farming was no more to his taste than Greek and Latin and his mother yearned to satisfy her son's appetites. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Family friends advised that Hodgkinson might find some more suitable outlet in nearby Manchester and so, in 1811, the family left for Salford to open a pawnbroking business. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. A pawnbroker is an individual or business entity that offers monetary loans in exchange for an item of value to the given pawn broker Hodgkinson used all his spare time in reading science and mathematics and soon introduced himself into Manchester's scientific community, meeting, among others, his future collaborator, Sir William Fairbairn. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Sir William Fairbairn, 1st Baronet ( of Ardwick) ( February 19, 1789 - August 18, 1874) was a Scottish He became a pupil of John Dalton, studying mathematics, and the two remained firm friends until Dalton's death in 1844. John Dalton FRS (6 September 1766 &ndash 27 July 1844 was an English Chemist, Meteorologist and Physicist. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year He retired early from the family business to devote a modest pension to his scientific work.
He married twice, to Catherine Johns and to a Miss Holditch. There were no children.
Scientific work
Hodgkinson worked with Sir William Fairbairn in Manchester on the design of iron beams. Sir William Fairbairn, 1st Baronet ( of Ardwick) ( February 19, 1789 - August 18, 1874) was a Scottish Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 His improved cross section was published by the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society in 1830 and influenced much nineteenth century structural engineering. In Geometry, a cross section is the intersection of a body in 2-dimensional space with a line or of a body in 3-dimensional space with a plane etc The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society is a Learned society in Manchester, England. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Structural engineering is a field of Engineering dealing with the analysis and design of Structures that support or resist loads Structural engineering is He derived the empirical formula for a concentrated load, W (in tons), at which a beam will fail as a function of its length between simple supports, L (in inches); its depth, d (in inches); and its bottom-flange area, A (inch²):
His expertise with beams led to his retention, along with Fairbairn, as consultant on the novel tubular design for the Britannia Bridge. Units of mass There are three similar units of Mass called the ton: Long ton (simply ton in countries such as the United Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Britannia Bridge ( Welsh: Pont Britannia) is a bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland Fairbairn built and tested several prototypes, and developed the final form adopted for the bridge. Both Hodgkinson and Robert Stephenson believed that extra chains would be needed to support the heavy spans, so the towers were built with spaces for the chains. Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 &ndash 12 October 1859 was an English Civil engineer. Fairbairn, however, insisted that chains would not be necessary, and his opinion prevailed. He was right, and chains were never used, but the towers remain with their empty recesses.
Later years
Hodgkinson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1841 and, in 1847, he became professor of the mechanical principles of engineering at University College London. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common University College London ( UCL) is a multi-faculty university institution based in the United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London In 1849, he was appointed by the UK Parliament to participate in a Royal Commission to investigate the application of iron in railroad structures, performing some early investigations of metal fatigue. Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the
Towards the end of his life, his mental faculties failed and he died at Higher Broughton, Salford. Broughton is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England.
Bibliography
- Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Application of Iron to Railway Structures (1849) cmd. 1123, HMSO
- Petroski, H. (1994) Design Paradigms: Case Histories of Error and Judgement in Engineering ISBN 0-521-46108-1
- Rawson, R (1865) "Memoir of Eaton Hodgkinson", Transactions of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, vol II, reprinted in Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institute (1868), pp203-230
- Timoshenko, S. P. (1953) History of Strength of Materials, pp126-129
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