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Millennium Point was one of the first major projects to be completed in the area.
Millennium Point was one of the first major projects to be completed in the area.

Eastside is an area in the east of Birmingham city centre core in England currently under going a major redevelopment project. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The overall cost when completed is expected to be £6-8 billion over a period of ten years which will result in the creation of 12,000 jobs. 8,000 jobs are expected to be created during the construction period.

Contents

History

Excavations revealed that the area was used as farmland in the Medieval times. Archaeological excavations at the City Park Gate site revealed soil that had been used on farms. It is known that a significant area had been bought by the English monarchy and was used as a deer game park. Some of this area stretched into the Eastside of Birmingham. The only surviving part of this is Park Street Gardens. The land was sold and slowly began to develop once again as farm land.

During the Industrial Revolution, the area was home to a massive complex of factories and workshops and was accessed by part of the canal network, most notably the Digbeth Branch Canal which bisects the area. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways The Digbeth Branch Canal in Birmingham, England is a short canal which links the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal at Aston Junction and the Grand The Grand Union Canal is located along the boundaries of the area and meets the Digbeth Branch Canal at Warwick Bar. The Grand Union Canal in England is part of the British canal system. Warwick Bar is a canalside Conservation area in Birmingham, England which was home to many Canalside factories during the Industrial Revolution In the late 1800s, the area was accessed by a major tram network which ran along Albert Street. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train However, as the industry in the area subsided, the area fell into decline and many of the original factory buildings became derelict. The old Victorian factory buildings were never maintained and the canals became dirty and clogged with only small stretches being cleaned. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods Small independent businesses moved into the area. A major brewery was located near Curzon Street Station and this resulted in the establishment of a public house further down the road which currently exists as a Grade II listed building. A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of Beer, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of beer's history

The River Rea, which remains largely hidden due to high brick walls surrounding it constructed in Victorian times, also flows to the extreme east of the area. The River Rea (pronounced "ray" is a small River which passes through Birmingham, England. The river is crossed at Deritend Bridge.

Curzon Street railway station was a major railway station during the 1800s and served as a goods station with another terminus opposite. Curzon Street Station was a Railway station in Birmingham in the 19th century and is the world's oldest surviving piece of monumental railway architecture |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains Unfortunately, it was located too far from the city centre and it was not successful. It failed as a passenger station and shut down in 1966 as a goods station.

Bartholomew Row received its name from Saint Bartholomew Church, which was built next to it. The church was surrounded by Park Street Gardens which were significantly cut down in size due to surrounding development. Part of the grave yard of the church still remains.

In 1983, Aston Science Park was opened in the north part of Eastside. Aston Science Park is a Science park located in Birmingham City Centre, United Kingdom. The 22 acre site has continued to develop and is considered a key part of the Eastside regeneration scheme.

Regeneration

Planning

In the late 1990s, plans for the regeneration of the area were aired to the public. The first plan unveiled was called the 1996 Digbeth Millennium Quarter Plan which presented proposals for the area around Digbeth and parts of Eastside. The 1998 Bull Ring and Markets Quarter Plan contained guidance to the Digbeth and Deritend area. Large scale projects which involved the renovation, demolition and reparation of the area started to be aired to the public. The first of these projects to be completed was Millennium Point which was completed in 2002 to replace the Birmingham Science Museum. Millennium Point is a complex in Birmingham, situated in the developing Eastside of the city centre The now defunct Birmingham Science Museum, or Museum of Science and Industry, previously the Elkington Silver Electroplating Works, is a building on Newhall On February 1, 2002, a masterplan for the Eastside was developed by HOK International and this set out the basic developments. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. HOK (formerly Hellmuth Obata + Kassabaum) is a global Architecture, interiors engineering planning and consulting firm

In 2001, the entire Eastside area was split into five sub-areas:

Construction begins

Matthew Boulton College of Further & Higher Education after completion in 2005.
Matthew Boulton College of Further & Higher Education after completion in 2005. Matthew Boulton College is a Further and Higher Education college situated in the Eastside of Birmingham, West Midlands.

The first part of the plan to be implemented was the demolition of a large elevated road junction called Masshouse Circus and the Inner Ring Road to clear land for development. Masshouse is a site within Birmingham, United Kingdom which is under development with the construction of 13 new highrise blocks intended for public services This was part of a larger plan to remove sections of the Inner Ring Road. The A4400 is a main road in Birmingham, United Kingdom. It was first planned by Herbert Manzoni in the 1943 and an Act of Parliament permitting Masshouse Circus had restricted development out of the east of the city due to its proximity and size resulting in it receiving the name "concrete collar". A bid for money from the European Regional Development Fund was successful and this allowed the demolition of Masshouse Circus possible. [1] This area is now being developed with the construction of highrise apartment and office blocks with one block complete[2] and another under construction. An office is generally a room or other area in which people work, but may also denote a position within an Organization with specific duties attached Other buildings completed in the area include the New Technology Institute, completed in 2006, and also the refurbishment of Island House into a base for a redevelopment company. For the article about the Manchester NTI see Manchester New Technology institute. Matthew Boulton College also built a new major facility in 2005[3] and overlooks the Masshouse site. Matthew Boulton College is a Further and Higher Education college situated in the Eastside of Birmingham, West Midlands. Both Matthew Boulton College and the New Technology Institute were the first buildings to be built on what will be the Learning and Leisure Zone.

Digbeth, Deritend and Warwick Bar

Large areas of Digbeth are now also set for redevelopment with the many residential complexes being built and the construction of a new coach station on the Digbeth Coach Station site. Digbeth is an area of Birmingham, England. It is also the name of the main road through the area Digbeth coach Station in Birmingham, West Midlands, England is owned and operated by National Express. [4] The completion of South Birmingham College: Digbeth and the renovation of the Custard Factory also attracted interest to the area economically with the opening of a Cadillac automobile showroom in the area in early 2006, despite the council naming the area as a media quarter. South Birmingham College is an establishment of Further education in Birmingham, England providing full-time and part-time courses for young students following The Custard Factory is an arts and media production centre in Birmingham, England ( Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. The Custard Factory is again set for an expansion with the refurbishment of the adjacent Devonshire House being approved by Birmingham City Council in August 2007. Scaffolding has been erected around the structure. A further planning application has been submitted for the installation of artwork on one of the railway arches making up the Digbeth Viaduct. Opposite the Custard Factory is a five storey office development named Rhubarb designed by Bryant Newman Priest. Construction commenced in April 2008.

Deritend is also expected to witness a vast amount of redevelopment. Deritend is an historic area of Birmingham, England. Deritend was a rare crossing point of the River Rea before Birmingham was of any significance A large number of low-rise residential schemes have been proposed with several beginning construction in 2005 and 2006. Deritend Bridge (so called because of its location near a bridge which crossed the River Rea called Deritend Bridge) was a large residential development planned for the area. It received outline planning consent however the land was then sold by the developers to another company. The site is now set to be developed into a large mixed-use scheme named Connaught Square by the Naus Group. [5] The development in Deritend extends towards the Bordesley area which borders Eastside. Bordesley is an area of Birmingham, England and is part of the City's Nechells Ward.

An area between Fazeley Street and the Grand Union Canal in Digbeth, named Warwick Bar, has become the focus of redevelopment itself with the construction of new modern buildings and a restoration project of an old Victorian storage facility. The Grand Union Canal in England is part of the British canal system. Warwick Bar is a canalside Conservation area in Birmingham, England which was home to many Canalside factories during the Industrial Revolution Proposals are also being planned for the area including a little known project known as "The Needle". Its location is not known according to a developments document issued however it would most likely be at Warwick Bar.

Curzon projects

Curzon Street railway station. A lot of development will be centred around this building.
Curzon Street railway station. A lot of development will be centred around this building.

The majority of the development is centred around Curzon Street railway station and along Curzon Street which gives its name to two developments to the rear of the station which began with the demolition of a Parcelforce Depot. Curzon Street Station was a Railway station in Birmingham in the 19th century and is the world's oldest surviving piece of monumental railway architecture Parcelforce Worldwide, part of Royal Mail Group Ltd, is one of the top five express parcel carriers in the UK. [6] This will be called Curzon Park and will feature a major low to mid-rise mixed-use scheme with residential, leisure and hotel facilities. Curzon Park is a development located in the Eastside area of Birmingham, England. An outline planning application was submitted by the developers on July 27, 2007. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [7]

This development is separated from another scheme behind it by the Digbeth Branch Canal. This smaller development is called Curzon Gate which will include a twelve and an eleven storey tower block containing private and student dwellings which will be located on the former Castle Cement silos site. Curzon Gate (also known as Curzon Gateway) is a residential development located on the edge of Birmingham City Centre, England, on a prominent gateway site Castle Cement is a Cement production company located in the United Kingdom. Initial sketches of Curzon Gate showed a 25 storey tower[8] however this was not included in the planning application. [9] Curzon Gate was deferred on October 12, 2006 due to Section 106 payments and Phase 1 is currently under construction with completion due in July 2008. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 was passed to better regulate the way in which large and small scale developments were approved by local authorities in England and Wales

Eastside City Park

Los Canarios, on the left, was Birmingham's first Spanish restaurant. The restaurant is to be demolished, along with the rest of the building, to make way for the Eastside City Park.
Los Canarios, on the left, was Birmingham's first Spanish restaurant. The restaurant is to be demolished, along with the rest of the building, to make way for the Eastside City Park.

Next to this is one of the largest of the projects which will see large areas of land being transformed into a city park. This will be called City Park[10] and will cover eight acres. The area it will occupy is currently the car park for Millennium Point and also small workshops and a Spanish-themed eatery. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. [11] It will also incorporate an already existing park named Park Street Gardens which contains a burial ground and was once part of a large deer park. A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. Small areas of land such as the plot to the east of Millennium Point have been under the interest of development companies. The land next to Millennium Point was the centre of local attention from the media when it was revealed that a development company was to submit a planning application for the creation of a 175 metre tall vertical theme park called The Pinnacle or Pinnacle Tower. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group The planning application is yet to be submitted. [12][13][14] The land was originally intended for the Ventureast development however it was agreed to be sold to the developer in 2006. Eastside Locks (originally known as Ventureast) is a major mixed-use development in the Eastside area of Birmingham, England.

29 entries were submitted from the UK and abroad and the companies were required to create a presentation and be interviewed about their intentions for the city park. The six final entries to the international design competition, were released by Birmingham City Council in October 2006. Leaflets were placed around Birmingham allowing the public to vote for their favourite design. Architects who submitted entries were Broadway Malyan, Camlin Lonsdale, Gillespies LLP, Gross Max, Gustafson Porter and Patel Taylor. Broadway Malyan is a multidisciplinary architectural firm based in the United Kingdom. [15]

Other projects

Demolition commencing on site to make way for the Ventureast development.
Demolition commencing on site to make way for the Ventureast development. Eastside Locks (originally known as Ventureast) is a major mixed-use development in the Eastside area of Birmingham, England.

The area beyond the city park to the eastern boundary of Eastside is to be developed in a development named Ventureast. Eastside Locks (originally known as Ventureast) is a major mixed-use development in the Eastside area of Birmingham, England. This will be a technology-led park area with many-low rise buildings.

Another area of land next to Moor Street railway station which was freed up by the demolition of Masshouse Circus will be home to a development named City Park Gate. Birmingham Moor Street railway station is one of three main railway stations in the city centre of Birmingham, England. City Park Gate is a major mixed use development by Countryside Properties in the Eastside area of Birmingham, England. Originally designed by Richard Rogers as part of the scheme for the Library of Birmingham, it was to have several residential towers however the architects pulled out when the library scheme was shelved. Richard George Rogers Baron Rogers of Riverside, CH, FRIBA (born 23 July 1933) is a British Architect noted MAKE Architects have since been appointed. Island House and the nearby pub will be retained in the development however Eurodiscount Megastore, a large warehouse store, was demolished in November 2006. The development will be mainly residential and will form a gateway into the Eastside from the city centre. Phase 1 will be the phase covering the largest area and has a subphase known as Phase 1a which includes Island House. This will be the first phase to begin construction and will also include the subphase, Phase 2a. Phase 2 will begin construction after and this is the smallest phase. Phase 3 will be constructed last and will see the tallest building constructed. Two public squares will be created, one directly in front of Island House will be called Island Place, and the second will be between Phase 2a and Phase 2 and will be called Freeman Place. There will be numerous green roof gardens. The outline planning application was submitted on November 29, 2006 and a consultation process began in late December and ended January 3, 2007. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

It is most likely that an observation tower for the public will be constructed in the Eastside area as it was one of the main ideas for it. An observation tower is a structure used to view events from a long distance and to create a full 360 degree range of vision Originally, there was a proposal named "The Needle" which would be of a substantial height however this was dismissed as a vision. [16] A serious proposal was put forward in September 2007 with the unveiling of VTP200. The VerTiPlex 200, or VTP200 as it's more commonly known is a proposed 200 metre Leisure and Observation tower that has been designed by architects A public consultation regarding the latest design for the observation tower was announced before a complete planning application is submitted to the planning department at the city council. The proposed VTP200 would be a 200 metre tall "VerTiPlex", the tallest observation tower in Britain, has been designed by RTKL to be a "bold and dynamic icon for Birmingham and the West Midlands in the 21st Century". RTKL Associates Inc is a Baltimore -based full-service Architecture and Engineering design firm The tower would consist of three rides including an eight-person vertical drop free falling lift, a see-saw peering over the edge of the tower at 125 meters high and 20 flight trainers spinning around the tower 110 meters up it. As well as rides other extreme activities are proposed including a "Walk of fear", the ability to climb to the top of the tower, a sky jump descending 100 metres and the UK's highest controlled bungee jump. In its first year the VTP200 would hope to receive 1. 05 million visitors. [17]

Major student housing is being constructed alongside the Eastside Locks development on Jennens Road. This is most likely to be targeted at Aston University which owns land next to it and Birmingham City University who are to construct a campus in the Eastside area. Aston University is a "plate glass" Campus university situated on a 40- Acre (0 Birmingham City University (formerly Birmingham Polytechnic and the University of Central England in Birmingham) is a University in the city The complex, named Etna House, will be 13 storeys in height and is to be developed by the Watkin Jones Group. [18] Construction work, which is being aided by two tower cranes, is currently underway.

On May 29, 2008, Birmingham City University held a public consultation on their plans to construct a new campus on a cleared 4. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Birmingham City University (formerly Birmingham Polytechnic and the University of Central England in Birmingham) is a University in the city 17 acre brownfield site directly opposite Curzon Street station. The site was acquired by the university in January 2008[19] and they commissioned BDP Architects to design a masterplan for the site. Building Design Partnership (BDP is a firm of Architects and engineers employing over 800 staff in the UK and over 140 more internationally The proposed scheme includes between 35,000 and 45,000 square metres of accommodation. The first phase of the building is expected to open to students in September 2012. The Birmingham Conservatoire is expected to move to the campus from Adrian Boult Hall. Birmingham Conservatoire is an international conservatoire. Prior to 1989 it was known as the Birmingham School of Music The Adrian Boult Hall is the main concert hall of the Birmingham Conservatoire in central Birmingham, England. [20]

The land cleared in 2005 for the construction of Curzon Park (looking in direction of Curzon Gate location).
The land cleared in 2005 for the construction of Curzon Park (looking in direction of Curzon Gate location).

Cancelled projects

Plans by the City Council to locate the Library of Birmingham at Eastside were abandoned in favour of developing the new library on a shared site with the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, in Centenary Square in the city centre's Westside, retaining the library in the city's civic core. Birmingham Repertory Theatre (commonly called Birmingham Rep or just The Rep) is a Theatre and theatre company based on Centenary Square in Centenary Square is a public square on Broad Street in central Birmingham, England, named in 1989 in celebration of the centenary of Birmingham Birmingham City University is now interested in the cancelled Eastside library site to relocate its conservatoire which is currently adjacent to Birmingham Central Library. Birmingham City University (formerly Birmingham Polytechnic and the University of Central England in Birmingham) is a University in the city Birmingham Conservatoire is an international conservatoire. Prior to 1989 it was known as the Birmingham School of Music Birmingham Central Library is the main public library in Birmingham, England. [21][22] Another project was the refurbishment of the Curzon Street railway station which would make it the home of the Royal College of Organists. Curzon Street Station was a Railway station in Birmingham in the 19th century and is the world's oldest surviving piece of monumental railway architecture The Royal College of Organists or RCO, is an educational body of the United Kingdom. However, a £1 million gap of funds resulted in them abandoning the project. Birmingham City Council are now planning to renovate the building themselves and then search for a major tenant. Birmingham shown within

Nearby projects

One development set to start in late 2006 is the Martineau Galleries complex which will see the demolition of the Carling Academy and surrounding shops plus a multi-storey car park. Martineau Galleries is an important proposed mixed-use development for Birmingham, England as it will connect the Eastside to the city centre core and is The Carling Academy Birmingham is a music venue in Dale End Birmingham, England (not to be confused with the Academy at the NIA, as the nearby National These will be replaced by a 110 metre tall tower[23] and other mid rise and low rise apartment blocks[24] as well as offices, hotel facilities, retail and cultural facilities.

Visions

There was a proposal for a new station to be built in the Eastside to relieve the stress from New Street station. Birmingham New Street is a major railway station located in the centre of the city of Birmingham, England. The station, dubbed "Grand Central Station", was to be nearly twice the size of New Street and would handle all major railway lines. However, the proposal was called unnecessary and take up too much room. [25] The proposal was headed and urged by Arup who created a brochure outlining the reasons why such a station would be needed. Arup is a professional services firm providing Engineering, Design, Planning, Project management and Consulting services for

"Sustainable Eastside"

"Sustainable Eastside - A Vision for the Future", published in 2002, sets out the aspirations for the sustainable regeneration of Eastside. The Eastside Sustainability Advisory Group was also set up in 2002 to support the mainstreaming of sustainable development in Eastside. As a result, Birmingham City Council agreed to undertake the innovative step of co-locating sustainability advisors with the Eastside team. The Sustainability Advisors are employed by Groundwork Birmingham and Solihull and took up their posts in October 2003.

The 'Sustainable Eastside' project is funded by Government Office for the West Midlands, Advantage West Midlands and the East Birmingham and North Solihull Regeneration Zone, with additional support from the Environment Agency and Birmingham City Council. The Eastside Sustainability Advisory Group aims to promote a comprehensive vision of Eastside as a regional demonstrator of sustainable development in practice, and to provide advice on Sustainable Development best practice throughout the Eastside development.

Group membership consists representatives of 17 organisations (mainly NGOs such as the Wildlife Trust for Birmingham and the Black Country) and individuals with professional interest in Eastside. The Wildlife Trust for Birmingham and the Black Country ( BBCWT) is a wildlife trust covering Birmingham and the Black Country in the West In 2002, the Eastside Sustainability Advisory Group collectively produced a document 'Sustainable Eastside - A Vision for the Future', which lays out a vision for how Eastside can be socially, environmentally and economically successful and responsible. This was funded by Birmingham City Council's Environmental Services department.

The project continues to develop guidance, policy and procedure recommendations. These will be submitted to Birmingham City Council to consider for adoption within their planning guidance and advice to the public. Policy and decision makers will be targeted to raise awareness of sustainability and ensure relevant information is made available.

Arts and culture

Since 2006, Eastside has hosted a number of events as part of ArtsFest. ArtsFest is an annual arts festival held in September in Birmingham, England. In 2006, The Eastside Arts Picnic was held at Curzon Street Station and the Eastside Green opposite. Island House hosted a collection of visual art pieces known as the ArtsFest Art Gallery and outside the building was the showcase for Vibrant Fibre, which consisted of murals. In 2007, a sound and light show was held on the site of Curzon Park.

A sound guide was created by Sound Arts Practice Liminal for Warwick Bar in which the public were invited to download the sound palate and walk around the canals.

Curzon Street Station is becoming a centre for arts in the Eastside with exhibitions including a neon light show at the base of the steps leading to the entrance of the building, which took place during June 2007. [26] Also based in Eastside is Ikon Eastside, a branch of the Ikon Gallery, and VIVID. Ikon Eastside is an Art gallery in the Digbeth area of Birmingham, England. The Ikon Gallery ( is an English gallery of Contemporary art, located in Brindleyplace, Birmingham. VIVID is a centre for the production and exhibition of Media art, located in the Digbeth area of Birmingham, England.

See also

References

  1. ^ Eastside regeneration praised by EU commissioner. The Birmingham Redevelopment Scheme is a large redevelopment plan for Birmingham, England with the aim of regenerating the city The Irish Quarter is an area which covers much of Digbeth and Deritend south of Birmingham city centre England. Birmingham Post (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
  2. ^ Masshouse steps up inward investment challenge. Birmingham Post (2006). Retrieved on 2006-06-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
  3. ^ New college - or is it Starship Enterprise?. The Birmingham Post (2006). Retrieved on 2005-08-16. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
  4. ^ Green light for coach station rebuild. Birmingham Mail (2006). Retrieved on 2006-06-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses.
  5. ^ £150m makeover for Irish quarter unveiled. The Birmingham Post (Aug 15 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  6. ^ Richard returns to demolish depot that stalled regeneration. The Birmingham Post (2006). Retrieved on 2006-05-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
  7. ^ Eastside plans up for approval. The Birmingham Post (Aug 30 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  8. ^ Skyscrapernews.com: Curzon Gateway Tower
  9. ^ Curzon Gate planning application
  10. ^ Park will help ditch 'urban inferiority complex'. The Birmingham Post (2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland
  11. ^ Spanish restaurant set to close. The Birmingham Mail (2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
  12. ^ Skyscrapernews.com's Entry for The Pinnacle. Skyscrapernews. com (2006).
  13. ^ Knickerbocker Glory For Birmingham. Skyscrapernews. com (2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
  14. ^ Pinnacle plan for city skyline. The Birmingham Post (2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-25. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  15. ^ Page of entries and comments on designs
  16. ^ The Birmingham Needle on Skyscrapernews.com
  17. ^ VTP200
  18. ^ Skyscrapernews.com: Etna House
  19. ^ New City Campus for Birmingham City University. Birmingham City University (2008-01-17). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  20. ^ University to showcase £150m eastside plans. Birmingham City University (2008-05-27). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  21. ^ Study rules out £179m central library. Birmingham Mail (2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
  22. ^ UCE to snap up land once intended for library. The Birmingham Post (2006). Retrieved on 2006-07-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason.
  23. ^ Skyscrapernews.com's entry on Block 3, Martineau Galleries. Skyscrapernews. com (2006).
  24. ^ CABE Design review. CABE (2005). Retrieved on 2005-10-05. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople
  25. ^ City on track to get its new railway station... in 2046. Birmingham Post (2006). Retrieved on 2006-04-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
  26. ^ New Generation Arts: Curzon Street Station Art

External links


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