Eastern Oregon is the eastern part of the U.S. state of Oregon. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is not an officially recognized geographic entity, so its boundaries vary according to context. It is sometimes understood to include only the eight easternmost counties in the state; in other contexts, it includes the entire area east of the Cascade Range.
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Geography
According to the Eastern Oregon Visitor's Association, Eastern Oregon includes only the following counties: Morrow, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, Grant, Baker, Harney, and Malheur. Morrow County is a county located in the US state of Oregon, on the south side of the Columbia River. Umatilla County (ˌjuːməˈtɪlə is a county located in the U Union County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. The County is named for the town of Union, which is Wallowa County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Grant County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. In 2000 its population was 7935 Baker County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. It is named for Edward Dickinson Baker, a senator from Oregon who Harney County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Established in 1889, the County is named in honor of Malheur County (mælˈhɪər is a county located in the southeast corner of the U [1] Other definitions of the region are sometimes more restrictive,[2] others include the base eight counties listed above plus several adjacent counties,[3][4] while some definitions include the entire area east of the Cascade Range;[5] this meaning would also include Sherman, Crook, Deschutes, Gilliam, Jefferson, Klamath, Lake, Wasco, and Wheeler counties. Sherman County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Crook County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. In 2000 its population was 19182 Deschutes County (dəˈʃuːts is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Gilliam County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Jefferson County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Klamath County (ˈklæməθ is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Lake County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. It is so named for the sizeable number of lakes found within its boundaries including Wasco County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. The County is named for a local tribe of Native Americans Wheeler County is a county located in the US state of Oregon.
Four of the largest population centers east of the Cascade Range – Bend, Redmond, Klamath Falls, and The Dalles – lie outside the stricter boundary. Other large population centers include Hermiston, Pendleton, La Grande, Baker City, and Ontario. Hermiston is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States, near the junction of I-82 and I-84. Pendleton (ˈpɛnəltɨn is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. "La Grande" redirects here For the Intel technology see LaGrande. Baker City is a city and the County seat of Baker County Oregon. Ontario is the largest city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States.
The extreme eastern section of Oregon in the Snake River Valley, including Ontario, is part of the Treasure Valley, which extends east to Boise, Idaho; unlike the rest of the state, that section lies within the Mountain Time Zone. The Snake River is a major Tributary of the Columbia River in the U The Treasure Valley is the area of the Western United States where the Payette, Boise, Weiser, Malheur and Owyhee rivers Boise (ˈbɔɪsi is the capital and most populous city of the U The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn
| City | Population[6] (2006) | County |
|---|---|---|
| Baker City | 10,035 | Baker |
| Bend | 75,290 | Deschutes |
| Boardman | 2,855 | Morrow |
| Burns/Hines | 4,687 | Harney |
| The Dalles | 12,520 | Wasco |
| Enterprise | 1,895 | Wallowa |
| Hermiston | 15,030 | Umatilla |
| John Day | 1,821 | Grant |
| Klamath Falls | 20,720 | Klamath |
| La Grande | 12,549 | Union |
| Lakeview | 2,655 | Lake |
| Madras | 6,070 | Jefferson |
| Ontario | 11,245 | Malheur |
| Pendleton | 17,310 | Umatilla |
| Prineville | 9,990 | Crook |
| Redmond | 23,500 | Deschutes |
| Umatilla | 6,385 | Umatilla |
Climate and ecology
Compared to the maritime rainforest climate of Western Oregon, which is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, the climate of Eastern Oregon is a drier continental climate, with much greater seasonal variations in temperature. Joseph Canyon (Nez Perce an-an-a-soc-um, meaning "long rough canyon" is a 2000-foot deep Basalt Canyon in northern Wallowa County Baker City is a city and the County seat of Baker County Oregon. Baker County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. It is named for Edward Dickinson Baker, a senator from Oregon who Bend is the County seat of Deschutes County, Oregon, United States, and the principal city of the Bend Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Deschutes County (dəˈʃuːts is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Boardman is a city in Morrow County, Oregon, United States on the Columbia River and Interstate 84. Morrow County is a county located in the US state of Oregon, on the south side of the Columbia River. Burns is a city in and county seat of Harney County, Oregon, United States. Hines is a city in Harney County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1623 at the 2000 census Harney County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Established in 1889, the County is named in honor of This page is about the Oregon town For the nearby geological formation The Dalles see Celilo Falls. Wasco County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. The County is named for a local tribe of Native Americans The city of Enterprise is the County seat of Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. Wallowa County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Hermiston is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States, near the junction of I-82 and I-84. Umatilla County (ˌjuːməˈtɪlə is a county located in the U John Day is a city located about north of Canyon City in Grant County Oregon, at the intersection of U Grant County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. In 2000 its population was 7935 Klamath Falls is a city in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. Klamath County (ˈklæməθ is a county located in the US state of Oregon. "La Grande" redirects here For the Intel technology see LaGrande. Union County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. The County is named for the town of Union, which is Lakeview is a city in Lake County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2474 at the 2000 census. Lake County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. It is so named for the sizeable number of lakes found within its boundaries including Madras (pronounced MAD-res is a city in Jefferson County, Oregon, United States. Jefferson County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Ontario is the largest city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. Malheur County (mælˈhɪər is a county located in the southeast corner of the U Pendleton (ˈpɛnəltɨn is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. Umatilla County (ˌjuːməˈtɪlə is a county located in the U The city of Prineville is the seat of Crook County, Oregon, United States. Crook County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. In 2000 its population was 19182 Redmond is a city in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. Deschutes County (dəˈʃuːts is a county located in the US state of Oregon. Umatilla (ˌjuməˈtɪlə is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. Umatilla County (ˌjuːməˈtɪlə is a county located in the U Temperate rainforests are Coniferous or broadleaf Forests that occur in the Temperate zone and receive high rainfall Western Oregon is a geographical term that is generally taken to apply to the portion of the state of Oregon that is west of the The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Unlike the Willamette Valley, Eastern Oregon gets a significant amount of snow in the winter. Some parts of Eastern Oregon receive fewer than 10 inches (250 mm) of rain yearly, classifying them as deserts. A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. The driest parts are the southeast and the area near Redmond. This desert climate is in part due to a rain shadow effect caused by the Cascade Range. For the Australian television series see Rain Shadow (TV series. Pine and juniper forests cover 35% of Eastern Oregon, especially in the mountains east of Klamath Falls and in the Blue Mountains. Klamath Falls is a city in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. The Blue Mountains are a Mountain range located largely in eastern Oregon and stretching into southeastern Washington in the United States
Economy
The region's economy is primarily agricultural. Wasco County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. The County is named for a local tribe of Native Americans Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Timber and mining, while formerly key industries, have decreased in importance in recent years. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Historical tourism is on the rise. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The wheat growing region of Eastern Oregon includes the Columbia Plateau portion of northeastern Oregon, which begins with very marginal wheat fields in central Wasco County and extends east through Umatilla County. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. The Columbia River Plateau is a geologic and geographic region that lies across parts of the U South of the wheat lands of northeast Oregon, agricultural activity is generally limited to livestock grazing except where irrigation is available. Irrigated areas are often used to produce alfalfa hay. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) is a flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop
Transportation
Historically, the region has been relatively isolated from Western Oregon, due to the difficulty of crossing the Cascades. John Day Fossil Beds National Monument is a 14000 acre (57 km² park in eastern Western Oregon is a geographical term that is generally taken to apply to the portion of the state of Oregon that is west of the Early settlers floated down the Columbia River from The Dalles to reach Western Oregon; in 1845, Sam Barlow built a road around the south side of Mount Hood, which served as the final leg of the Oregon Trail. The Columbia River (known as This page is about the Oregon town For the nearby geological formation The Dalles see Celilo Falls. Samuel Kimbrough Barlow ( January 24, 1792 – July 14, 1867) was a pioneer in the area that became the state of Oregon in the The Barlow Road (at inception Mount Hood Road) is a historic road in what is now the U Mount Hood (called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe) is a Stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc in northern Pioneers traveled across the Oregon Trail, one of the main overland migration routes on the North American Continent, in wagons in order to settle new parts of the The Applegate Trail and Santiam Wagon Road were constructed soon after, connecting eastern and western Oregon in the southern and central parts of the state. The Applegate Trail was a wilderness trail through today's US The Santiam Wagon Road was a freight route in the US state of Oregon between the Willamette Valley and Central Oregon regions from 1865 to In the early 20th century, Samuel Hill built the Columbia River Highway, allowing automobiles to pass through the Columbia River Gorge. Samuel Hill (1857–1931 was a businessman Lawyer, Railroad executive and advocate of good roads in the Pacific Northwest. The Historic Columbia River Highway is an approximately 75-mile (120 km Scenic highway in the U The Columbia River Gorge is a Canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
Railroads began to be important as early as 1858 with the construction of the Oregon Portage Railroad which built a 4. 5-mile (7. 2 km) bypass around the rapids at Cascade Locks. Cascade Locks is a city in Hood River County, Oregon, United States. This was followed by the 1862 incorporation of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company whose operations included building a rail bypass from The Dalles to Celilo Falls. This page is about the Oregon town For the nearby geological formation The Dalles see Celilo Falls. Celilo Falls ( Wyam, meaning "echo of falling water" or "sound of water upon the rocks" in several native languages was a tribal fishing In 1880 these two short sections of rail were incorporated into the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company (OR&N). The Oregon Railway and Navigation Company was a 643 mile railroad operating between Portland, Oregon, United States and eastern Washington and Shortly thereafter Henry Villard, who then controlled OR&N, moved aggressively to block entry of the then under construction Northern Pacific Railway into the Columbia Gorge. Henry Villard ( April 10 1835 &ndash November 12, 1900) was an American Journalist and financier of German origin The Northern Pacific Railway was a railway that operated in the north-central region of the United States. [7] In an agreement first made in March 1880 and formalized in the fall of 1880, the Northern Pacific Railway, then controlled by Frederick Billings, and the OR&N, at that time controlled by Henry Villard, agreed to divide the Columbia Plateau at the Snake River, with the Northern Pacific staying to the north and the OR&N staying to the south. Frederick Billings ( September 27, 1823 – September 30, 1890) was an American lawyer and financier The Columbia River Plateau is a geologic and geographic region that lies across parts of the U The Snake River is a major Tributary of the Columbia River in the U Northern Pacific was not to build down the gorge into Portland, but would receive trackage rights on the tracks that OR&N was building on the south bank into Portland. [7] The first St. Paul-Portland Northern Pacific train arrived in Portland on September 12, 1883, via OR&N trackage down the Oregon side of the Columbia River from Wallula, Washington forever ending the isolation of at least the northern portion of Eastern Oregon[7]. Wallula is a Census-designated place (CDP in Walla Walla County, Washington, United States. A year later in November of 1884, the Oregon Short Line was completed across southern Idaho, and met the OR&N at the border station of Huntington[7] providing rail service that essentially paralleled the Oregon Trail all the way from Omaha, Nebraska. The Oregon Short Line Railroad was established on April 14 1881, for construction of a Standard gauge line from Granger Wyoming, through Huntington is a city in Baker County, on the eastern border of Oregon, United States. Later the OR&N became part of the Union Pacific Railway.
The only other railroad ever built east over the Cascade Mountains was trackage that was to become part of the Southern Pacific Railway which was opened in 1926 over Willamette Pass to Klamath Falls[8] to bypass the difficult line south of Eugene, Oregon to Ashland, Oregon. For the ski area see Willamette Pass ski area. Willamette Pass (el Klamath Falls is a city in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. The city of Eugene ( "yoo-JEEN") is the County seat of Lane County, Oregon, Ashland is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, near Interstate 5 and the California
All-weather highways over the Cascade Mountains were not completed until the 1930s and 1940s. [9][10]
Major road routes through eastern Oregon include I-84 from Ontario to the Columbia River Gorge. In the US state of Oregon, Interstate 84 travels east-west following the Columbia River and the rough path of the old Oregon Trail Ontario is the largest city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. The Columbia River Gorge is a Canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The only other interstate freeway in the region is an eleven mile (18 km) stretch of Interstate 82 that ends at I-84 in Hermiston. Interstate 82 (I-82 is a Interstate Highway that extends from I-90 in Ellensburg Washington to I-84 near Umatilla Oregon U.S. Route 395 is a major North-South route, passing through Pendleton, Burns, John Day, and Lakeview. In the US state of Oregon, US Route 395 traverses the desert and rural areas on the eastern side of the state Pendleton (ˈpɛnəltɨn is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. Burns is a city in and county seat of Harney County, Oregon, United States. John Day is a city located about north of Canyon City in Grant County Oregon, at the intersection of U Lakeview is a city in Lake County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2474 at the 2000 census. Further west, U.S. Route 97 runs North-South from Biggs Junction on the Columbia river south through Redmond, Bend and Klamath Falls to the Oregon-California border. In the US state of Oregon, US Route 97 is a major north-south United States highway which runs through the state of Oregon (among Biggs Junction is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. Redmond is a city in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. Bend is the County seat of Deschutes County, Oregon, United States, and the principal city of the Bend Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Klamath Falls is a city in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. Other major east-west routes include U.S. Route 26, U.S. Route 30, and U.S. Route 20. In the US state of Oregon, US Route 26 is a major cross-state State highway, connecting U In the US state of Oregon, US Route 30, a major east-west US Highway, runs from its western terminus in Astoria to the Idaho US Route 20 is an east-west United States highway. As the "0" in its route number implies U
Secessionist movement
Some residents of Eastern Oregon feel that the state of Oregon, with the majority of its population and political control based in the western part of the state, has neglected the eastern part of the state, preventing it from developing along with the western part. A movement to have Eastern Oregon secede and join the United States as a 51st state was underway in 2008. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 51st state, in American political discourse, is a phrase that refers to territories considered candidates for addition to the fifty states [11] This movement is similar to other Northwest secession proposals such as Jefferson, Lincoln, and Cascadia. Jefferson is a mostly rural area of Southern Oregon and Northern California in the United States. Lincoln is one of several proposed states of the United States of America (see 51st state) Cascadia (commonly called the Republic of Cascadia as a full name is a proposed name for an independent sovereign state advocated by a small grassroots environmental movement
See also
References
- ^ Eastern Oregon Visitor's Association. This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U Retrieved on 2007-10-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat
- ^ Frommer's: Eastern Oregon. Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
- ^ Explore Eastern Oregon. Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Retrieved on October 26, 2007. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Eastern Oregon. Guide to Oregon. Retrieved on October 26, 2007. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Are Introduced Plants Common in Eastern Oregon Forests? United States Forest Service. Retrieved on October 26, 2007. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ 2006 Oregon Population Report. Population Research Center, Portland State University. Accessed October 24, 2007. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b c d Armbruster, Kurt (1999). Orphan Railroad: The railroad comes to Seattle, 1953-1911. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 63,80. ISBN 0-87422-186-2.
- ^ from trainweb.org
- ^ Engeman, Richard H. Subtopic : Revival Styles, Highway Alignment: 1890-1940: One Big City, Many Small Towns. The Oregon History Project. Retrieved on October 29, 2007. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Tonsfeldt, Ward and Paul G. Claeyssens. Subtopic : Post-Industrial Years: 1970-Present: Tourism and Recreation. The Oregon History Project. Retrieved on October 29, 2007. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Wright, Phil (2008-04-25). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Group eyes Eastern Oregon as 51st state. Eastern Oregonian. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
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