The term Eastern March or march(i)a Orientalis refers to any of two marches (frontier counties) created on the eastern frontier of the East Francia (later the Kingdom of Germany). Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" East ( ern) Francia ( Regnum Francorum orientalium) known variously as Francia Orientalis or the Kingdom of the East Franks, was the The Kingdom of Germany grew out of East Francia in the tenth century One march was created in the Duchy of Saxony and another in the Duchy of Bavaria. The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria.
- The Saxon Eastern March lay between the rivers Saale and Oder. The Saxon Eastern March or Ostmark (Sächsische Ostmark was a march of the Holy Roman Empire from the 10th until the 12th century The Saale, also known as the Saxon Saale (Sächsische Saale and Thuringian Saale (Thüringische Saale is a River in Germany and a left-bank The Oder (known in Czech and Polish as Odra) is a River in Central Europe. It was created in the mid-10th century and disbanded over the next century and a half in the marches of Meissen, Lusatia, and Landsberg. The March or Margraviate of Meissen (Mark(grafschaft Meißen was a mediæval principality a march, of the Holy Roman Empire in the area of the modern The March of Lusatia (Mark Lausitz was a conquered territory of the Ljutizi and Milzini between Germany and Poland in the 10th and 11th centuries The Margraviate of Landsberg (Mark Landsberg was a march of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the 12th to the 14th century.
- The Bavarian Eastern March was created in 976 from the territories that had once been part of the March of Pannonia. The March or Margraviate of Austria was created in 976 out of the territory that probably formed the earlier March of Pannonia. The March of Pannonia was a frontier march of the Carolingian Empire erected in the mid-ninth century against the threat of Great Moravia and lasting only It eventually came to be known as Austria and was elevated into a duchy, then an archduchy, and finally an empire. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich