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Eastern Chalukya dynasty
Founded 624 CE
Founder Kubja Vishnuvardhana
Official Languages Sanskrit , Telugu
Capital Vengi
Government Monarchy
Preceding state Vishnukundina
Succeeding states Chola, Western Chalukya

Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. Kubja Vishnuvardhana ( 624 – 641 CE was the brother of Chalukya Pulakesi II. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical The Vengi kingdom extended from the Godavari River in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just south of the banks of River Krishna in the This is a list of countries categorized by system of Government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The Vishnukundina dynasty ruled over the eastern Deccan in South India comprising of the area covered by modern day Andhra Pradesh and Kalinga The Western Chalukya Empire ( Kannada: ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Their capital was Vengi and their dynasty lasted for around 500 years from the 7th century until c. The Vengi kingdom extended from the Godavari River in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just south of the banks of River Krishna in the 1130 C. E. when the Vengi kingdom merged with the Chola empire. The Vengi kingdom was continued to be ruled by Eastern Chalukyan kings under the protection of the Chola empire until 1189 C. E. , when the kingdom succumbed to the Hoysalas and the Yadavas. The Hoysala Empire ( Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ( pronunciation: in Kannada was a prominent South Indian Kannadiga They had their capital originally at Vengi near Nidadavole of the West Godavari district end later changed to Rajamahendravaram (Rajamundry). WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nidadavole or Nidadavolu is a town and a Municipality in West Godavari district in West Godavari (Teluguపశ్చిమ గోదావరి is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajahmundry (రాజమండ్రి is a city and a Municipal corporation in

Eastern Chalukyas were closely related to the Chalukyas of Vatapi (Badami). The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Badami (ಬದಾಮಿ formerly known as Vatapi, is a Taluk in the Bagalkot District Throughout their history they were the cause of many wars between the more powerful Cholas and Western Chalukyas over the control of the strategic Vengi country. The Western Chalukya Empire ( Kannada: ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South The five centuries of the Eastern Chalukya rule of Vengi saw not only the consolidation of this region into a unified whole, but also saw the efflorescence of Telugu culture, literature, poetry and art during the later half of their rule. Telugu people refer to the group of peoples who natively speak the Telugu language. It can be said to be the golden period of Andhra history.

Contents

Origin of Eastern Chalukyas

Pulakesin II (608–644 C. E), the greatest Badami Chalukya king, conquered the eastern Deccan, corresponding to the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh 616 C. The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central E. , defeating the remnants of the Vishnukundina kingdom. The Vishnukundina dynasty ruled over the eastern Deccan in South India comprising of the area covered by modern day Andhra Pradesh and Kalinga He appointed his brother Kubja Vishnu Vardhana as Viceroy. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. On the death of Pulakesin II, the Vengi Viceroyalty developed into an independent kingdom. Pulakesi II (ಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಪುಲಿಕೇಶಿ (610 - 642 CE is the most famous ruler of the Chalukya dynasty. Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi outlived the main Vatapi dynasty by many generations.

Between 641 C. E. and 705 C. E. some kings, except Jayasimha I and Mangi Yuvaraja, ruled for very short durations. Then followed a period of unrest characterised by family feuds and weak rulers. Meanwhile, the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed ousted Western Chalukyas of Badami. The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ( Sanskrit: राष्ट्रकूट rāṣṭrakūṭa, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ was a royal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Badami (ಬದಾಮಿ formerly known as Vatapi, is a Taluk in the Bagalkot District The weak rulers of Vengi had to meet the challenge of the Rashtrakutas, who overran their kingdom more than once. There was no Eastern Chalukya ruler who could check them until Gunaga Vijayaditya III came to power in 848 C. E. The then Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghavarsha treated him as his ally and after Amoghavarsha's death, Vijayaditya proclaimed independence.

List of Eastern Chalukya Kings

Administration

In its early life, the Eastern Chalukya court was essentially a republic of Badami, and as generations passed, local factors gained in strength and the Vengi monarchy developed features of its own. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Badami (ಬದಾಮಿ formerly known as Vatapi, is a Taluk in the Bagalkot District External influences still continued to be present as the Eastern Chalukyas had had long and intimate contact, either friendly or hostile, with the Pallavas, the Rashtrakutas, the Cholas and the Chalukyas of Kalyani. Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ( Sanskrit: राष्ट्रकूट rāṣṭrakūṭa, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ was a royal The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central

Type of Government

The Eastern Chalukyan government was a monarchy based on the Hindu philosophy. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical The inscriptions refer to the traditional seven components of the state (Saptanga), and the eighteen Tirthas (Offices), such as

No information is available as to how the work of administration was carried out. The Vishaya and Kottam were the administrative subdivisions known from records. The Karmarashtra (Kammarattam/Kammanadu) and the Boya-Kottams are examples of these. Kammanadu is an ancient geographical region in the present day South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Kammanadu is an ancient geographical region in the present day South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Kammanadu is an ancient geographical region in the present day South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The royal edicts (recording gifts of lands or villages) are addressed to all Naiyogi Kavallabhas, a general term containing no indication of their duties, as well as to the Grameyakas, the residents of the village granted. The Manneyas are also occasionally referred in inscriptions. They held assignments of land or revenue in different villages.

Fratricidal wars and foreign invasions frequently disturbed the land. The territory was parcelled out into many small principalities (estates) held by the nobility consisting of collateral branches of the ruling house such as those of Elamanchili, Pithapuram and Mudigonda, and a few families (Kona Haihayas (Heheya, Kalachuris), Kolanu Saronathas etc. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Pita-puram is a city and a Municipality in East Godavari district in the Indian Heheya kingdom (also known as Haihaya Haiheya Heiheya etc was one of the many kingdoms ruled by Chandravanshi Kshatriya kings in the central and western India Origin of Kalachuris Natives of Central India Historians such as Dr ), closely connected by marriage ties with the Eastern Chalukyas and other Families (Velanadus, Kondapadamatis, Chagis, Parichedas, Kota Vamsas etc. Many Telugu Choda kingdoms ruled over many regions including the cities on the banks of Krishna River in the period between the seventh and the thirteenth century Kota (Fort + Vamsa (Dynasty After the fall of the Vengi Chalukya empire Andhra was divided into a number of small dynasties ) who were raised to high position for their loyal services. When the Vengi ruler was strong, the nobility paid allegiance and tribute to him, but when the weakness was apparent, they were ready to join hands with the enemies against the royal house.

Society

The population in the Vengi country was heterogeneous in character. The Vengi kingdom extended from the Godavari River in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just south of the banks of River Krishna in the Yuan Chwang, who travelled in the Andhra country after the establishment of the Eastern Chalukya kingdom, noted that the people were of a violent character, were of a dark complexion and were fond of arts. The society was based on hereditary caste system. Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power. Even the Buddhists and Jains who originally disregarded caste, adopted it. A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Besides the four traditional castes, minor communities like Boyas and Savaras (Tribal groups) also existed.

The Brahmins were held in high esteem in the society. Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. They were proficient in Vedas and Shastras and were given gifts of land and money. "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. They held lucrative posts such as councillors, ministers and members of civil service. They even entered the army and some of them rose to positions of high command. The Kshatriyas were the ruling class. Kshatriya (क्षत्रिय kṣatriya from क्षत्र kṣatra) is one of the four varnas (social orders in Hinduism Their love of intrigue and fighting was responsible for civil war for two centuries. The Komatis (Vaisyas) was flourishing trading community. The Hindu varna (class System, a Vaishya ( Sanskrit वैश्य vaiśya) is a member of the third of the four classes of traditional Their organisation into a powerful guild (Nakaram) which had its headquarters in Penugonda (West Godavari) and branches in seventeen other centres had its beginnings in this period. West Godavari (Teluguపశ్చిమ గోదావరి is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It seems there used to be a minister for communal affairs (Samaya Mantri) in the government. The Sudras constituted the bulk of the population and there were several sub-castes among them. Shudra ( IAST: Śūdra is the fourth Varna in the traditional four-section division in historic Hindu society The army furnished a career for most of them and some of them acquired the status of Samanta Raju and Mandalika. Samanta is an Indian Noble title In the Hoysala empire samantas were feudal chiefs paying vassalitic homage to the Maharaja.

Religion

Buddhism, which was dominant during the Satavahanas was in decline. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( Its monasteries were practically deserted. Due to their love of sacred relics in stupas, a few might have lingered on, Ywan Chwang noticed some twenty or more Buddhist monasteries in which more than three thousand monks lived. Jainism, unlike Buddhism, continued to enjoy some support from the people. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. This is evident from the several deserted images in ruined villages all over Andhra. The inscriptions also record the construction of Jain temples and grants of land for their support from the monarchs and the people. The rulers like Kubja Vishnuvardhana, Vishnuvardhana III and Amma II patronised Jainism. Kubja Vishnuvardhana ( 624 – 641 CE was the brother of Chalukya Pulakesi II. Vimaladitya even became a declared follower of the doctrine of Mahavira. Mahavira (महावीर lit Great Hero) (599 – 527 BCE is the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamana ( Sanskrit: वर्धमान Vijayawada, Jenupadu, Penugonda (West Godavari) and Munugodu were the famous Jain centres of the period. Vijayawada ( (విజయవాడ also known as Bezawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India, located on the banks of the Krishna River Hinduism was the official religion throughout the Chalukya period. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Of the Hindu sects, Saivism was more popular than Vaishnavism. Shaivism, also spelled "Saivism" names the oldest of the four sects of Hinduism. Vaishnavism is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or its associated avatars principally as Rama and

Some of the rulers, declared themselves as Parama Maheswaras (Emperors). The Buddhist religious centres eventually attained great celebrity as Siva pilgrim centres. Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva Eastern Chalukya rulers like Vijayaditya II, Yuddhamalla I, Vijayaditya III and Bhima I took active interest in the construction of many temples. The temple establishments like dancers and musicians show that during this period, temples were not only a centre of religious worship but a fostering ground for fine arts.

Literature

Telugu literature owes its origin to the Eastern Chalukyas. Poetry makes its first appearance in the Addanki and Kandukur inscriptions of Panduranga in the time of Vijayaditya II in the later half of the ninth century. However no literary work of any value appeared until 11th century C. E. Nannaya Bhatta's Mahabharata is the earliest extant work of Telugu literature. Nannaya was the poet-laureate of Rajaraja Narendra in the middle of the eleventh century C. Nannayya Bhattaraka (నన్నయ in Telugu) (c 11th century AD is the earliest known Telugu author and the author of the first third of the Andhra Mahabharatamu Rajaraja Narendra (1018 – 1061 CE was the Eastern Chalukya king of the Vengi kingdom in South India. E. An erudite scholar, he was well-versed in the Vedas, Sastras and the ancient epics, he undertook to translation of the Mahabharata in to Telugu. "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. The fact that Narayana Bhatta who was proficient in eight languages assisted him in his endeavour. Though incomplete, his work is universally acclaimed as a masterpiece of Telugu literature. It remains unrivaled for its graceful end dignified diction and sweet and elegant verses.

Architecture

Due to the widely spread Siva devotional cult in the kingdom the Eastern Chalukyan kings undertook construction of temples on a large scale. Vijayaditya II is credited with the construction of 108 temples. Yuddhamalla I erected a temple to Kartikeya at Vijayawada. Kartikay also know as Subhramanya Kartik or Kartikkeya is a central deity of the Hindu tradtion of India. Vijayawada ( (విజయవాడ also known as Bezawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India, located on the banks of the Krishna River Bhima I constructed the famous Draksharama and Chalukya Bhimavaram (Samalkot) temples. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhimavaram is a town and mandal in the West Godavari District in the state of Andhra Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Samal-kota also known as Samarla-kota is a city a Municipality and Mandal in East Godavari Rajaraja Narendra erected three memorial shrines at Kalidindi (West Godavari). The Eastern Chalukyas, following the Pallava and Chalukya traditions, developed their own independent style of architecture, which is visible in the Pancharama shrines (especially the Draksharama temple) and Biccavolu temples. The Golingeswara temple at Biccavolu contains some richly carved out sculptures of deities like Arthnariswara, Siva, Vishnu, Agni, Chamundi and Surya. Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva For other meanings see Vishnu (disambiguation. Vishnu ( IAST viṣṇu Devanagari विष्णु (honorific Agni is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word agni is Sanskrit for "fire" (noun cognate with Latin ignis In Hinduism, Surya ( Devanagari: सूर्य sūrya, lit "the Supreme Light" Malay: Suria; Thai:

References

See also

The Vengi kingdom extended from the Godavari River in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just south of the banks of River Krishna in the Middle kingdoms of India refers to the political entities in India from the 2nd century BC since the decline of the Maurya Empire, and the corresponding
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