| East Semitic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
formerly Mesopotamia |
| Genetic classification: |
Afro-Asiatic Semitic East Semitic |
| Subdivisions: |
|
The East Semitic languages constitute one of the three major subdivisions of Semitic languages, the other being West Semitic and South Semitic. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Afro-Asiatic languages constitute a Language family with about 375 languages ( SIL estimate and more than 300 million speakers spread throughout North Africa The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, Eblaite (also known as Eblan 639-3 is an extinct perhaps East Semitic language, which was spoken in the 3rd millennium BCE in the ancient city of Ebla The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of Semitic languages. South Semitic is one of the three macro-classifications in Semitic linguistics the other two being East Semitic (e The East Semitic group is attested by two distinct languages, Akkadian and Eblaite, both of which have been long extinct. Eblaite (also known as Eblan 639-3 is an extinct perhaps East Semitic language, which was spoken in the 3rd millennium BCE in the ancient city of Ebla According to some definitions an extinct language is a Language which no longer has any speakers, whereas a dead language is a language which is no longer spoken The East Semitic languages stand apart from other Semitic languages in a number of respects. Historically, it is believed that this linguistic situation came about as speakers of East Semitic languages wandered further east, settling in Mesopotamia during the third millennium BCE, as attested by Akkadian texts from this period. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which Imperialism, or the desire to conquer grew to prominence By the beginning of the second millennium BCE, East Semitic languages, in particular Akkadian, had come to dominate the region. The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. They were influenced by the non-Semitic Sumerian language and adopted cuneiform writing. Sumerian ( " native tongue " was the language of ancient Sumer, spoken in Southern Mesopotamia since at least the 4th millennium BC
Modern understanding of the phonology of East Semitic languages can only be derived from careful study of written texts and comparison with the reconstructed Proto-Semitic. Phonology ( Greek φωνή (phōnē voice sound + λόγος (lógos word speech subject of discussion is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning Linguistic reconstruction is the practice of establishing the features of the unattested ancestor ( Proto-language) of one or more given languages Proto-Semitic is the hypothetical Proto-language of the Semitic languages. Most striking is the loss of the glottal stop, or aleph, and the voiced pharyngeal fricative, or ayin, both of which are prominent features of West Semitic languages (for example, Akk. bēl 'master' < PS. *ba‘al). This article is about the sound in spoken language For the letter see Glottal stop (letter. is the reconstructed name of the first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, continued in descended Semitic alphabets as Phoenician The voiced pharyngeal approximant/fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet For the village in Azerbaijan see Əyin. or is the sixteenth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Proto-Semitic is the hypothetical Proto-language of the Semitic languages. Also, East Semitic languages do not possess a series of three back fricatives: *h, *ḥ, *ġ. Fricatives are Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together He is the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac ܗ and Arabic or H̱et (also spelled Khet, Kheth, Chet, Cheth, Het, or Heth) is the reconstructed name of the eighth letter Ghain, ghayn, or (ar ﻍ is one of the six letters in the Arabic alphabet not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others Their elision appears to give rise to the presence of an e vowel, where it is not found in other Semitic languages (for example, Akk. ekallu 'palace/temple' < PS. *haykal). Elision is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a Vowel, a Consonant, or a whole Syllable) in a word or phrase producing a result that is easier Close-mid front unrounded vowel The close-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the Proto-Semitic is the hypothetical Proto-language of the Semitic languages. It also appears that the series of interdental fricatives became sibilants (for example, Akk. šalšu 'three' < PS. *ṯalaṯ). A sibilant is a type of Fricative or Affricate Consonant, made by directing a jet of air through a narrow channel in the Vocal tract towards Proto-Semitic is the hypothetical Proto-language of the Semitic languages. However, the exact phonological make-up of the languages is inexact, and the absence of features may have been the result of the inadequacies of Sumerian orthography to describe the sounds of Semitic languages rather than their real absence.
The word order in East Semitic may also have been influenced by Sumerian, being Subject Object Verb rather than the West Semitic Verb Subject Object order. In Linguistic typology, Subject Object Verb (SOV is the type of languages in which the subject, object, and Verb of a sentence appear or usually Verb Subject Object ( VSO) is a term in Linguistic typology. It represents one type of languages when classifying languages according to the sequence of these
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic