East End Historic District
(U.S. Registered Historic District)
View north along William Street, 2007
Location:	Newburgh, NY
Coordinates:	41°29′46″N 74°00′46″W / 41.49611, -74.01278Coordinates: 41°29′46″N 74°00′46″W / 41.49611, -74.01278
Area:	445 acres (2 km²)
Built/Founded:	mid-18th–mid-20th centuries
Architect:	multiple
Architectural style(s):	Italianate, Second Empire, Gothic Revival
Added to NRHP:	1985
NRHP Reference#:	85002426
Governing body:	Private residences and businesses, state, city

The East End Historic District in Newburgh, New York, USA is the lower portion of what the state and city recognize as a single historic district along with the Montgomery-Grand-Liberty Streets Historic District. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A historic district in the United States is a group of buildings properties or sites that have been designated by one of several entities on different levels as historically or architecturally New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. In the course of the history of Classical architecture, an Italianate style of architecture was a distinct nineteenth-century phase in which Italian sixteenth-century This article is about the Second Empire architectural style For France during the reign of Napoleon III of France, see Second French Empire The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A historic district in the United States is a group of buildings properties or sites that have been designated by one of several entities on different levels as historically or architecturally The Montgomery-Grand-Liberty Streets Historic District was the first of two to be designated in the city of Newburgh, New York, USA. ^[1] Its 445 acres (2 km²) contain 2,217 buildings, including Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site, a National Historic Landmark. Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site is a Historic site in Newburgh, New York, USA. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the

This area includes much of the southeastern quarter of the city. Most of the buildings were constructed during the city's height of industrial development in the later 19th century, as opposed to the villas and mansions in the Montgomery-Grand-Liberty district. They housed many of the city's working-class population at the time, and the small businesses that served them. First recognized by the city in 1973, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of

Today, it is a mix of extremes. Some of its neighborhoods are among the city's most desirable, offering panoramic views of the Hudson River's Newburgh Bay and the Hudson Highlands to the south. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami Newburgh Bay is in the Hudson River approximately 65 miles (105 km north of New York City, just upriver from the Hudson Highlands. The Hudson Highlands are the Mountains on both sides of the Hudson River in the U It is also home to some of the city's poorest neighborhoods, and historic preservation groups have expressed concern about many important properties being lost to urban blight and neglect. Historic preservation or heritage conservation is a professional endeavor that seeks to preserve the ability of older (e Urban decay is a process by which a City, or a part of a city falls into a state of disrepair

Geography

The district is roughly bounded by Robinson Avenue (US 9W) to the west, Water Street and Bay View Terrace on the east, Monument and Renwick streets to the south and LeRoy Place and Broadway to the north. US Route 9W is a US Highway which runs from Interstate 95, US This area of Newburgh, combined with the other district, represents the core of the settled city by the end of the 19th century. ^[2] It rises up gently from the riverside area to mildly rolling higher ground.

Industrial properties, both vacant and in use, are concentrated closer to the river, while the higher neighborhoods are mostly residential, with some institutional buildings such as schools and churches scattered throughout. There are a few commercial areas, most notably along Liberty Street opposite Washington's Headquarters, taking advantage of tourist business at the historic site during the summer months; along Broadway near City Hall and also along a short block of William Street further south. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

Combined and treated as one district, the 4,000 contributing properties are the most of any historic district in New York. In the law regulating Historic districts in the United States, a contributing property is any property structure or object which adds to the historical integrity ^[3] The 2,239 resources in the East End alone are the most of any federally-recognized district in the state. ^[4]

Architecture

Much of the district is characterized by two- or three-story brick townhouses in the Italianate style popular in the late 19th century for urban buildings. Historically in the United Kingdom, Ireland and in many other countries a townhouse (or a "house in town" was a residence of a peer or member of the In the course of the history of Classical architecture, an Italianate style of architecture was a distinct nineteenth-century phase in which Italian sixteenth-century In Washington Heights, the blocks near the southeastern corner of the district, where views of the river open up, there are houses in many Victorian styles reflecting the rapid subdivision and development of that area between 1886 and 1900. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. Subdivision is the act of dividing land into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop usually via a Plat. ^[2]

The houses on and near Parmenter Street, one block west of Washington's Headquarters, are the only part of Newburgh that still reflects the village character of the settlement from the turn of the 19th century. Houses here are gabled two-story structures in the Federal style, not found much elsewhere in the city. A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof Chester TownshipJPG|thumb|right|A federal style colonial home in Chester Township New Jersey]] Federal-style architecture occurred in the United States between 1780 ^[2]

Hasbrouck House at Washington's Headquarters

Significant contributing properties

The oldest property in the district and the city, Jonathan Hasbrouck's 1750 stone house, is today the center of Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site, recognizing the general's residence here during the years between British surrender at Yorktown and final withdrawal from the American colonies in 1783. Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site is a Historic site in Newburgh, New York, USA. The Siege of Yorktown or Battle of Yorktown in 1781 was a decisive victory by a combined assault of American forces led by General George Washington In the 1850s, it acquired additional historical significance when it became the first state-recognized historic site in the country. A historic site is an official location where pieces of political military or social History have been preserved Today it is one of Newburgh's two National Historic Landmarks, under the management of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the Palisades Interstate Park and its creator the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, was formed in 1900 by governors Theodore Roosevelt of New York and

The armory in 2007

Another contributing property within the district has been separately listed in the National Register. In the law regulating Historic districts in the United States, a contributing property is any property structure or object which adds to the historical integrity The New York State Armory on Broadway had been vacant for decades after the New York National Guard until stationed there moved to a newer building several blocks away in the 1930s. The New York State Armory on Broadway in Newburgh, New York, USA once housed a local unit of the New York National Guard The New York National Guard consists of the New York Army National Guard and the New York Air National Guard New York National A fire in the 1970s had left it a blackened shell. It seemed likely to be torn down until it was sold to Orange County, which brought in a private developer to rebuild it with help from the state's Office of Historic Preservation. Demolition is the opposite of Construction: the tearing-down of Buildings and other Structures It contrasts with deconstruction Orange County is a County located in the US state of New York. The New York State Office of Parks Recreation and Historic Preservation operates (as of 2004) 168 State parks 35 state Historic It now houses the county's Social Services operations in the city. ^[5]

Urban blight on two abandoned houses not far from the Armory. Urban decay is a process by which a City, or a part of a city falls into a state of disrepair

Preservation issues

The city has recognized the historic district in its zoning, required architectural review of any significant construction within it, and initiated and encouraged many efforts to redevelop portions of it. Many properties remain abandoned and neglected, and in 1996 the National Trust for Historic Preservation listed the district as one of America's Most Endangered Places. The National Trust for Historic Preservation is an American member-supported organization that was founded in 1949 by Congressional charter to support preservation Each year since 1987 the National Trust for Historic Preservation has released a list of places they consider the most endangered in America As of 2007 it saw the district's outlook as favorable after the River City Development Corporation, a Community Development Corporation, obtained federal grants to rehabilitate some of the old row houses into affordable housing. Community Development Corporation (CDC is a broad term referring to Not-for-profit organizations incorporated to provide programs offer services and engage in other activities Grants are funds dispersed by one party (Grant Makers often a Government Department Corporation Foundation or Trust to a recipient, often (but not always Affordable housing is a term used to describe dwelling units whose total housing costs are deemed " affordable " to a group of people within a specified ^[6] In 1999 the Preservation League of New York State added a portion of the district to its "Seven to Save" list, since freed slaves congregated and lived around a nearby African Methodist Episcopal Zion church and the neighborhood in question, along Parmenter Street in the "village" portion of Newburgh, is one of the oldest African-American neighborhoods in the state. The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the " AME Church " is a Christian denomination founded by Bishop Richard Allen in Philadelphia African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa ^[7]

References

External links

• East End Historic District (Newburgh, New York) is at coordinates 41°29′46″N 74°00′46″W / 41.4962, -74.0129 (East End Historic District (Newburgh, New York))Coordinates: 41°29′46″N 74°00′46″W / 41.4962, -74.0129 (East End Historic District (Newburgh, New York))