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The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the period roughly from 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe (Early modern Europe). Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period in Western '''Europe''' and its first colonies which spans the three centuries between It follows the Late Middle Ages period, and is marked by the first European colonies, the rise of strong centralized governments, and the beginnings of recognizable nation states that are the direct antecedents of todays states in what is called Modern times. The Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th and 15th centuries (AD 1300–1499 This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also modern times) is the period of history that followed the Middle Ages between c This categorical era spans the two centuries between the Middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution that has created modern European and American society, and in subsequent years the term "Early modern" has evolved to be less euro-centric and more generally a semi-calendar era useful for tracking related historical events across vast regions, as the cultural influences and dynamics from one region impacting on distant others has become more appreciated. An era is a commonly used word for long period of time When used in science for example geology eras denote clearly defined periods of time of arbitrary but well defined The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the A calendar era is the year numbering system used by a Calendar.

The early modern period is characterized by the rise to importance of science, the shrinkage of relative distances through improvements in transportation and communications and increasingly rapid technological progress, secularized civic politics and the early authoritarian nation states. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way The history of technology is the history of the Invention of Tools and techniques Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Authoritarianism describes a Form of government characterized by an emphasis on the Authority of the State in a republic or union For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy

Further, capitalist economies and institutions began their rise and development, beginning in northern Italian republics such as Genoa, and the oligarchy in Venice. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the The early modern period also saw the rise and beginning of the dominance of the economic theory of mercantilism. Mercantilism is the idea that a colony should export more goods than it imports and that a colony should sell at higher prices and buy at lower prices

As such, the early modern period represents the decline and eventual disappearance, in much of the European sphere, of Christian theocracy, feudalism and serfdom. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Theocracy is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed

The period includes the Reformation, the disastrous Thirty Years' War, the Commercial Revolution, the European colonization of the Americas, the Golden Age of Piracy and the peak of the European witch-hunt craze. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion Colonialism, and Mercantilism which lasted from approximately the sixteenth century The start of the European colonization of the Americas is typically dated to 1492 although there was at least one earlier colonization effort The Golden Age of Piracy is the common designation given the period roughly spanning from the 1650s to the 1720s "Witch trial" redirects here For the song by Rush, see Fear series.

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Europe

Main article: Early modern Europe

The beginning of the early modern period is not clear-cut, but is generally accepted to be in the late 15th century or early 16th century. The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period in Western '''Europe''' and its first colonies which spans the three centuries between Significant dates in this transitional phase from medieval to early modern Europe can be noted:

The invention of the first European movable type printing process by Johannes Gutenberg, a device that fundamentally changed the circulation of information. Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg ( 1398 &ndash February 3, 1468) was a German Goldsmith and printer who is credited Movable type, which allowed individual characters to be arranged to form words and which is an invention separate from the printing press, had also been invented in, but not known outside of, China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
The conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans signaled the end of the Byzantine empire; the Battle of Castillon concluded the Hundred Years War. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Battle of Castillon of 1453 was the last battle fought between the French and the English during the Hundred Years' War. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior
The last Plantagenet king, Richard III, was killed at Bosworth and the medieval civil wars of aristocratic factions gave way to early modern Tudor monarchy, in the person of Henry VII. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The House of Plantagenet (planˈtadʒɪnɪt also called the House of Anjou, or the First Angevin dynasty, was originally a noble Richard III ( 2 October 1452 &ndash 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field ( 22 August, 1485) was Lancastrian Henry Tudor's defeat of Yorkist Richard The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola publishes his "900 Theses" (Conclusiones philosophicae, cabalasticae et theologicae) and his defence of them, Oration on the Dignity of Man. Count Giovanni Pico della Mirandola ( February 24, 1463 - November 17, 1494) was an Italian Renaissance Philosopher. These are regarded as the first modern humanist works.
The first documented European voyage to the Americas by the Italian-Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus; the end of the Reconquista, with the final expulsion of the Moors from the Iberian Peninsula; the Spanish government expels the Jews. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Spanish and Portuguese Jews are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardim who have their main ethnic origins within the crypto-Jewish communities of the Iberian
French king Charles VIII invaded Italy, drastically altering the status quo and beginning a series of wars which would punctuate the Italian Renaissance. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th
The Reformation begins with Martin Luther nailing his ninety-five theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer The Ninety-Five Theses on the Power of Indulgences, commonly known as The Ninety-Five Theses, were written by Martin Luther in 1517 Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a Town in Germany in the Bundesland Saxony-Anhalt, on the Elbe Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
First formulation of modern politics with the publication of Machiavelli's The Prince. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Il Principe ( The Prince) is a political Treatise by the Florentine public servant and political theorist
The Council of Trent marks the end of the medieval Roman Catholic Church. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War.

The end date of the early modern period is usually associated with the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in about 1750. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Another significant date is 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution, which drastically transformed the state of European politics and ushered in the Prince Edward Era and modern Europe. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an See also Politics of the European Union The politics of Europe deals with the continually evolving politics within the continent The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period in Western '''Europe''' and its first colonies which spans the three centuries between

Difference between 'early modern' and the Renaissance

The expression "early modern" is sometimes, and incorrectly, used as a substitute for the term Renaissance; however, "Renaissance" is properly used in relation to a diverse series of cultural developments that occurred over several hundred years in many different parts of Europe — especially central and northern Italy — and span the transition from late Medieval civilization and the opening of the early modern period. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

Artistically, the early modern is not a common designation as the Renaissance is clearly distinct from what came later. Only in the study of literature is the early modern period a standard period. Music is generally divided between Renaissance and Baroque. Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance, approximately 1400 - 1600 Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 and 1750. Similarly philosophy is divided between Renaissance philosophy and the Enlightenment. Renaissance philosophy was the period of the History of philosophy in Europe that falls roughly between the Middle Ages and the Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century In other fields there is far more continuity through the period such as warfare and science. Early Modern warfare is associated with the start of the widespread use of Gunpowder and the development of suitable weapons to use the explosive Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers

European political powers

East Asia

The term early modern is most often applied to Europe, and its overseas empire. Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1516-1700 when this country was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty (also associated to Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Early Modern Britain is the History of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th 17th and 18th centuries Early Modern France is the Early modern period of French history from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century (or from the French Renaissance Early Modern Romania is the portion of Romanian history that falls in the Early modern period, roughly from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic However, in Japan, the Edo period from 1590 to 1868 is also sometimes referred to as the early modern period. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868

South Asia

The rise of the Great Mughal Empire usually dated to have begun in 1526, corresponds nicely with the end of the Middle Ages. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most The culture which began then included a markedly orderly government, widespread economic prosperity and religious tolerance, and great achievements in the arts in architecture, miniature painting, and literature. It might be fairly said the huge Mughal empire made the small squabbling states of Europe pale to comparative barbaric provinces, as the empire dominated south and south-western Asia, rivaling all other empires in history for both population and area held.

Southwest Asia

This era was perhaps the golden age for the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid (Persian) Empire. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz

See also

External links

The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Early Modern English is the stage of the English language used from about the end of the Middle English period (the latter half of the 15th century to 1650 Early Modern warfare is associated with the start of the widespread use of Gunpowder and the development of suitable weapons to use the explosive Periodization is the attempt to categorize or divide Time into discrete named blocks
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