| History of Literature |
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| Bronze Age literature: |
| Classical literatures: |
| Medieval literature |
| Early Modern literature |
| Modern literature |
The history of literature of the Early Modern period (16th, 17th and partly 18th century literature). The history of literature is the historical development of Writings in Prose or Poetry which attempt to provide Entertainment, enlightenment The History of literature begins with the History of writing, in Bronze Age Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, although the oldest literary Sumerian literature is the oldest literature in the worldThe Sumerians invented the first writing system beginning with cuneiform Logograms Ancient Egyptian literature comprises texts written in the Egyptian language during the pharaonic period of Egypt. Babylonian literature is one of the world's oldest Drawing on the traditions of Sumerian literature, the Babylonians compiled a vast textual tradition of mythological A classical language, is a language with a Literature that is "classical"&mdashie "it should be ancient it should be an independent tradition that arose mostly Chinese classic texts or Chinese canonical texts ( refer to the pre- Qin Chinese texts especially the Confucian Four Books and Five Classics Ancient Greek literature refers to Literature written in the Greek language until the 4th century AD Latin literature, the body of written works in the Latin language remains an enduring legacy of the culture of Ancient Rome. Middle Persian literature is Persian literature of the 1st millennium AD, especially of the Sassanid period Pali literature is concerned mainly with Theravada Buddhism, of which Pali is the traditional language Literature in Sanskrit begins with the Vedas, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India; the golden age of Classical Syriac literature is Literature written in the Syriac language, an eastern Aramaic language. Sangam literature refers to a body of classical Tamil literature created between the years 300 BCE and 600 CE Medieval literature is a broad subject encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe beyond and during the Middle Ages (encompassing the one thousand Anglo-Saxon literature (or Old English literature) encompasses Literature written in Anglo-Saxon (Old English during the 600-year Anglo-Saxon Arabic literature ( Arabic: الأدب العربي Al-Adab Al-Arabi) is the writing produced both Prose and Poetry, by speakers Byzantine literature may be defined as the Greek literature of the Middle Ages, whether written in the territory of the Byzantine Empire or outside Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle Medieval German literature refers to Literature written in Germany stretching from the Carolingian dynasty; various dates have been given for the end of the See also Israeli literature. Hebrew literature consists of ancient medieval and modern writings in the Hebrew language. Indian literature is generally acknowledged as one of the oldest in the world The earliest Irish authors It is unclear when literacy first came to Ireland This is a list of Japanese classic texts. These classical works of Japanese literature are grouped by genres in a chronological order Kannada literature is the body of literature of Kannada, a Dravidian language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the Nepal Bhasa literature refers to Literature in Nepal Bhasa History Nepal Bhasa has a long history as regards literature Old Norse literature refers to the vernacular literature of the Scandinavian peoples up to ca Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost Mediaeval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages. Renaissance Literature refers to the period in European literature, which began in Italy during the 15th century and spread around Europe through Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc The History of literature in the Modern period in Europe begins with the Age of Enlightenment and the conclusion of the Baroque period in the 18th century See also 17th century in literature, other events of the 18th century, 19th century in literature, List of years in literature. See also 18th century in literature, other events of the 19th century, 20th century in literature, List of years in literature. See also 19th century in literature, other events of the 20th century, 21st century in literature, List of years in literature. The history of literature is the historical development of Writings in Prose or Poetry which attempt to provide Entertainment, enlightenment The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period in Western '''Europe''' and its first colonies which spans the three centuries between See also 16th century in literature Early Modern literature other events of the 17th century 18th century See also 17th century in literature, other events of the 18th century, 19th century in literature, List of years in literature. Early Modern literature succeeds Medieval literature, and in Europe in particular Renaissance literature. Medieval literature is a broad subject encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe beyond and during the Middle Ages (encompassing the one thousand Renaissance Literature refers to the period in European literature, which began in Italy during the 15th century and spread around Europe through
In Europe, the Early Modern period lasts roughly from 1550 to 1750, spanning the Baroque period and ending with the Age of Enlightenment and the wars of the French Revolution. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states The Early Modern period in Persia corresponds to the rule of the Safavid dynasty. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz In Japan, the "Early Modern period" (Edo period) is taken to last down to 1868 (the beginning of Industrialization during the Meiji period), in India, the Mughal era lasts until the establishment of the British Raj in 1857. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Mughal era is the historic period of the Mughal Empire in India it ran from the early sixteenth century to a point in the early eighteenth century when the Mughal For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Ottoman Empire undergoes various attempts of modernization from 1828 (Tanzimat). The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Tanzimat ( Ottoman Turkish: تنظيمات meaning reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839
Chinese literature of the Qing dynasty remains mostly unaffected by European influence, and effects of modernization that would lead up to the New Culture Movement become visible only form the Late Qing period in the 1890s. Chinese literature extends back thousands of years from the earliest recorded dynastic court Archives to the mature fictional Novel that arose during the Ming Dynasty Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China The New Culture Movement ( refers to the period between 1917 and 1923 in China, which was marked by student and intellectual ferment and protests against the warlord government
Contents |
Europe
- Further information: Early Modern English literature, Elizabethan literature, Jacobean era literature, Restoration literature, and Augustan literature
- Further information: German literature of the Baroque period and French literature of the 17th century
A new spirit of science and investigation in Europe was part of a general upheaval in human understanding which began with the discovery of the New world in 1492 and continues through the subsequent centuries, even up to the present day. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc The term English literature refers to Literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by Writers not necessarily from The term Elizabethan literature refers to the English literature produced during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558 - 1603 Highlights of the Jacobean Era The practical if not formal unification of England and Scotland under one ruler was a development of the first order of importance for both Restoration literature is the English literature written during the historical period commonly referred to as the English Restoration (1660&ndash1689 which corresponds Augustan literature is a style of English literature produced during the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II in the German literature comprises those literary texts written in the German language. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia.
The form of writing now commonplace across the world—the novel—originated from the early modern period and grew in popularity in the next century. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Before the modern novel became established as a form there first had to be a transitional stage when "novelty" began to appear in the style of the epic poem. The first modern novel has generally been ascribed to a series of Picaresque Novels, most famously Don Quixote (1605 by Cervantes
Plays for entertainment (as opposed to religious enlightenment) returned to Europe's stages in the early modern period. William Shakespeare is the most notable of the early modern playwrights, but numerous others made important contributions, including Christopher Marlowe, Molière, and Ben Jonson. William Shakespeare ( baptised Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, also known by his Stage name, Molière, ( January 15, 1622 – February 17 1673) was a French Benjamin Jonson ( c 11 June 1572 &ndash 6 August 1637) was an English Renaissance Dramatist From the 16th to the 18th century Commedia dell'arte performers improvised in the streets of Italy and France. Commedia dell'Arte ( Italian: "the comedy of artists" is a form of Improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century Some Commedia dell'arte plays were written down. Both the written plays and the improvisation were influential upon literature of the time, particularly upon the work of Molière. Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of Shakespeare, and his associate Robert Armin, drew upon the arts of jesters and strolling players in creating new style comedies. Robert Armin (c 1563 &ndash 1615 was an English Actor, a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men. A jester, joker, jokester, fool, wit-cracker, prankster, or buffoon is a member of a profession that came into popularity All the parts, even the female ones, were played by men (en travesti) but that would change, first in France and then in England too, by the end of the 17th century. Drag in its broadest sense means any clothing one wears however the traditional use of the term is for any Costume or outfit that carries symbolic significance
The earliest work considered an opera in the sense the work is usually understood dates from around 1597. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto It is Dafne, (now lost) written by Jacopo Peri for an elite circle of literate Florentine humanists who gathered as the "Camerata". Dafne is the earliest known work that by modern standards could be considered an Opera. Jacopo Peri ( August 20 1561 &ndash August 12 1633) was an Italian Composer and singer of the transitional period between Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal The Florentine Camerata was a group of humanists Musicians Poets and Intellectuals in late Renaissance Florence who gathered
Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote de la Mancha has been called "the first novel" by many literary scholars (or the first of the modern European novels). Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( in modern Spanish; September 29, 1547 &ndash April 22, 1616) was a Spanish Novelist es '''''Don Quixote''''' (, see spelling and pronunciation below fully titled es '''''El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha''''' ("The Ingenious Hidalgo Don It was published in two parts. The first part was published in 1605 and the second in 1615. It might be viewed as a parody of Le Morte d'Arthur (and other examples of the chivalric romance), in which case the novel form would be the direct result of poking fun at a collection of heroic folk legends. As a Literary genre of High culture, romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic Prose and verse Narrative This is fully in keeping with the spirit of the age of enlightenment which began from about this time and delighted in giving a satirical twist to the stories and ideas of the past. It's worth noting that this trend toward satirising previous writings was only made possible by the printing press. A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth thereby transferring an image Without the invention of mass produced copies of a book it would not be possible to assume the reader will have seen the earlier work and will thus understand the references within the text. Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of
Ottoman Empire
- Further information: Prose of the Ottoman Empire and Poetry of the Ottoman Empire
The two primary streams of Ottoman written literature are poetry and prose. Turkish literature (Türk edebiyatı or Türk yazını is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman Roughly speaking the prose of the Ottoman Empire can be divided along the lines of two broad periods early Ottoman prose written prior to the 19th century CE and exclusively This article deals with the Ottoman Divan poetry tradition For the tradition of folk poetry in the Ottoman Empire see Turkish folk literature. For the Wikipedia guideline regarding editing articles see WikipediaManual of Style. Of the two, poetry—specifically, Divan poetry—was by far the dominant stream. Moreover, it should be noted that, until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not contain any examples of fiction; that is, there were no counterparts to, for instance, the European romance, short story, or novel (though analogous genres did, to some extent, exist in both the Turkish folk tradition and in Divan poetry). Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. As a Literary genre of High culture, romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic Prose and verse Narrative The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story
Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. A ritual is a set of actions often thought to have Symbolic value the performance of which is usually prescribed by a Religion or by the Traditions "Symbolic" redirects here For other uses see Symbolism (disambiguation and Symbolic (disambiguation. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd)—were more or less prescribed. The musical instrument is spelled Cymbal. A symbol is something --- such as an object, Picture, written word a sound a piece
Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose never managed to develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did. A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec' (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose,[1] a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a sentence, there must be a rhyme. Rhymed prose is a Literary form and Literary genre, written in unmetrical Rhymes This form has been known in many different cultures Saj‘ is a form of Rhymed prose in Arabic literature. It is named so because of its evenness or monotony or from a fancied resemblance between its Rhythm This article is about the poetic technique For the form of ice see Rime ice.
Nevertheless, there was a tradition of prose in the literature of the time. This tradition was exclusively nonfictional in nature—the fiction tradition was limited to narrative poetry. Non-fiction is an account or representation of a subject which is presented as Fact. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. [2]
Persia
- Further information: Persian literature
Regarding the tradition of Persian love poetry during the Safavid era, Persian historian Ehsan Yarshater notes, "As a rule, the beloved is not a woman, but a young man. Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz Ehsan Yarshater ( born April 3, 1920, Hamadan, Iran) is the director of The Center for Iranian Studies and Hagop Kevorkian Professor Emeritus In the early centuries of Islam, the raids into Central Asia produced many young slaves. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Slaves were also bought or received as gifts. They were made to serve as pages at court or in the households of the affluent, or as soldiers and bodyguards. Young men, slaves or not, also, served wine at banquets and receptions, and the more gifted among them could play music and maintain a cultivated conversation. It was love toward young pages, soldiers, or novices in trades and professions which was the subject of lyrical introductions to panegyrics from the beginning of Persian poetry, and of the ghazal. Pederasty or paederasty refers to an erotic relationship sexually expressed or not between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family "[3]
After the 15th century, the Indian style of Persian poetry (sometimes also called Isfahani or Safavi styles) took over. This style has its roots in the Timurid era and produced the likes of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi, and Bhai Nand Lal Goya
India
- Further information: Indian literature, Early Modern Bengali literature, Early Modern Tamil literature, and Literature of the Kingdom of Mysore
Classical Sanskrit literature went into decline in the High Middle Ages, to the benefit of Middle Indic vernaculars such as Old Hindi, notably in use for Late Medieval Bhakti poetry. Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow ( Hindi: hi अबुल हसन यमीनुद्दीन ख़ुसरो (1253-1325 CE better known as Amīr Khusrow Bhai Nand Lal (1633-1713 was a 17th century Persian, and Arabic poet in Punjab region. Indian literature is generally acknowledged as one of the oldest in the world Ancient Age Charyapada Main Article: Charyapada Charyapada is the oldest known Bengali written form Tamil literature refers to the Literature in the Tamil language. The Kingdom of Mysore ( Kannada: ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ 1399-1947 was founded by Yaduraya in 1399 as a feudatory Literature in Sanskrit begins with the Vedas, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India; the golden age of Classical The Middle Indo-Aryan ( Middle Indic) languages are the early medieval dialects of the Indo-Aryan languages, the descendants of the Old Indo-Aryan dialects such as The history of the Hindi dialect continuum (including Urdu) i Bhakti ( Devanāgarī: भक्ति) is a word of Sanskrit origin meaning devotion. The Mughal era sees the development of various literary dialects such as Dakkhini or Urdu, the latter showing heavy Persian influence. The Mughal era is the historic period of the Mughal Empire in India it ran from the early sixteenth century to a point in the early eighteenth century when the Mughal Dakhni, also known as Dakkhani, Deccani (Urdu دکنی is a dialect of the Urdu language, was spoken in the Deccan region of southern Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Persianization or Persianisation is a process of cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-Persian becomes Persian. The earliest examples of Khariboli can be seen in some of Kabir and Amir Khusro's lines. Khariboli (also Khadiboli, Khadi-Boli, or Khari dialect identified as Hindi by SIL Ethnologue) (/ kʰəɽiː boːliː / Hindi Al-Kabir "the Great" is also one of the 99 names of God in Islam Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow ( Hindi: hi अबुल हसन यमीनुद्दीन ख़ुसरो (1253-1325 CE better known as Amīr Khusrow More developed forms of Khariboli can be seen in some mediocre literature produced in early 18th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Examples are Chand Chhand Varnan Ki Mahima by Gangabhatt, Yogavashishtha by Ramprasad Niranjani, Gora-Badal ki katha by Jatmal, Mandovar ka varnan by Anonymous, a translation of Ravishenacharya's Jain Padmapuran by Daulatram (dated 1824).
China
- Further information: Chinese literature
- Ming dynasty
- Gui Youguang 歸有光 (1506-1571)
- Yuan Hongdao 袁宏道( 1568-1610)
- Xu Xiake 徐霞客 (1586-1641)
- Gao Qi 高啟
- Zhang Dai 張岱
- Tu Long 屠隆
- Wen Zhenheng文震亨
- Qing dynasty
Japan
- Further information: Japanese literature
Literature during the largely peaceful Edo Period, in large part to the rise of the working and middle classes in the new capital of Edo (modern Tokyo), developed forms of popular drama which would later evolve into kabuki. Chinese literature extends back thousands of years from the earliest recorded dynastic court Archives to the mature fictional Novel that arose during the Ming Dynasty The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Yuan Hongdao ( 1568–1610 was Chinese poet of the Ming Dynasty, and one of the Three Yuan Brothers. Xu Xiake ( January 5 1587 — March 8 1641) born Xu Hongzu (徐弘祖 Courtesy name Zhenzhi (振之 Gao Qi (高启 1336 &ndash 1374style name Ji Di 季迪 pseudonym Qinqiuzhi 青丘子 is generally acknowledged as the greatest poet of the Zhang Dai (张岱 Pinyin: Zhāng Dài Courtesy name: Zhongzhi (宗子 pseudonym Tao'an (陶庵 (1597 - 1689 was a Ming Dynasty writer Tu Long (屠隆 Wade-Giles: T'u Lung 1542–1605 was a Playwright and Essayist who lived during the Ming Dynasty. Wen Zhenheng ( 1585 – 1645) was a Ming dynasty scholar painter landscape garden designer and great grandson of Wen Zhengming, a famous Ming Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Yuan Mei (袁枚 Pinyin: Yuán Méi 1716 – 1797 was a well-known poet scholar and artist of the Qing Dynasty. Wei Yuan ( April 23 1794 — August 26 1856) born Wei Yuanda (魏远达 Courtesy names Moshen (默深 and Japanese literature spans a period of almost two millennia Early works were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese literature, often written The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate Make-up worn by some of its performers The joruri and kabuki dramatist Chikamatsu Monzaemon became popular at the end of the 17th century. Chikamatsu Monzaemon ( Japanese: 近松門左衛門 real name Sugimori Nobumori, 杉森信盛 1653 – 6 January 1725) was a Japanese As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Matsuo Bashō wrote Oku no Hosomichi (奥の細道, 1702), a travel diary. was the most famous poet of the Edo period in Japan During his lifetime Bashō was recognized for his works in the collaborative haikai no renga form today meaning "Narrow road to/of the interior" translated alternately as The Narrow Road to the Deep North and The Narrow Road to the Interior Year 1702 ( MDCCII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Hokusai, perhaps Japan's most famous woodblock print artist, also illustrated fiction as well as his famous 36 Views of Mount Fuji. was a Japanese Artist, Ukiyo-e painter and Printmaker of the Edo period. is an Ukiyo-e series of 46 large color woodblock prints by the Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849
Many genres of literature made their début during the Edo Period, helped by a rising literacy rate among the growing population of townspeople, as well as the development of lending libraries. Although there was a minor Western influence trickling into the country from the Dutch settlement at Nagasaki, it was the importation of Chinese vernacular fiction that proved the greatest outside influence on the development of Early Modern Japanese fiction. Rangaku ( Kyūjitai: ja {{linktext 蘭 學}}/ Shinjitai: ja {{linktext 蘭学}} literally “Dutch Learning” and by extension “Western learning” is a body of was a fan-shaped Artificial island in the bay of Nagasaki that was a Dutch Trading port during Japan 's self-imposed isolation ( Sakoku Ihara Saikaku might be said to have given birth to the modern consciousness of the novel in Japan, mixing vernacular dialogue into his humorous and cautionary tales of the pleasure quarters. Ihara Saikaku ( Japanese: 井原 西鶴 1642 – September 9, 1693) was a Japanese Poet and creator of the " floating Jippensha Ikku wrote Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, which is a mix of travelogue and comedy. was a Japanese Writer in the late Edo period. He lived primarily in Edo in the service of Samurai, but also spent some time in Osaka abbreviated as Hizakurige and known in translation as Shank's Mare, is a Picaresque Comic novel (kokkei-bon written by Jippensha Ikku (十返舎一九 Tsuga Teisho, Takebe Ayatari, and Okajima Kanzan were instrumental in developing the yomihon, which were historical romances almost entirely in prose, influenced by Chinese vernacular novels such as Three Kingdoms and Shui hu zhuan. is a type of Japanese book from the Edo period (1603–1867 that was influenced by Chinese vernacular novels such as Water Margin. The Three Kingdoms period ( is a period in the History of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties following immediately the loss of Water Margin ( (also Outlaws of the Marsh, All Men Are Brothers or The Marshes of Mount Liang) is one of the Four Great Classical Novels Two yomihon masterpieces were written by Ueda Akinari: Ugetsu monogatari and Harusame monogatari. Ueda Akinari or Ueda Shūsei (上田 秋成 July 25, 1734, Osaka - August 8, 1809, Kyoto) was a Japanese
References
- ^ Belge, 389
- ^ One apparent exception was the Muhayyelât (مخيّلات "Fancies") of Ali Aziz Efendi of Crete, a collection of stories of the fantastic that was written in 1796, though not published until 1867. Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi was a Turkish author of the 18th century notable for his Sefaretname relating his mission as the ambassador of the Ottoman Empire Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the Fantastic is a literary term that describes a quality of other literary genres and in some cases is used as a genre in and of itself although in this case it is often conflated with the
- ^ Yar-Shater, Ehsan. 1986. Persian Poetry in the Timurid and Safavid Periods, Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 973-974. 1986
See also
- 16th century in literature
- 17th century in literature
- Renaissance literature
- History of modern literature
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