| EOKA | |
|---|---|
| Participant in Cypriot struggle for Independence | |
| Active | 1955–1959 |
| Leaders | George Grivas |
| Headquarters | Cyprus |
| Strength | 1,250 [1] |
| Opponents | British Empire |
EOKA (Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (Greek for National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters)) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of British troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Georgios Grivas ( George Grivas; Greek: Γεώργιος Γρίβας) (May 23 1898 - January 27 1974 also known by his nom de guerre Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion and especially as the freedom of the people of a given Territory to determine their For the Genus of Grass skipper Butterflies, see Enosis (butterfly. The United Kingdom had promised Greece that all the above would be a commitment to be fulfilled if Greece would enter World War I on the side of the Allies; the offer was withdrawn when Greece declined. [2]. EOKA engaged to free the Greek Cypriots from British rule. The leadership of AKEL, at the time (a communist organisation), opposed EOKA's military action, preferring strikes and demonstrations. The Progressive Party of Working People ( Greek: Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού Anorthotikó Kómma Ergazómenou Laoú, AKEL Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based This came into direct contrast with the previous leadership who some 5 years ago organised the plebiscite of 1950, where the vast majority of all Cypriots who voted were for the union with Greece (98%).
The organisation was headed by George Grivas, a Cyprus born Colonel in the Greek army, who distinguished himself during World War II and the subsequent Hellenic Civil War. Georgios Grivas ( George Grivas; Greek: Γεώργιος Γρίβας) (May 23 1898 - January 27 1974 also known by his nom de guerre Mission The Hellenic Army's objective is to defend Greece's independence borders and terrain and also to guarantee the country's defense World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Greek Civil War (ο Eμφύλιος, "the Civil War" fought from 1946 to 1949 by the Governmental forces receiving logistical support by the United Kingdom Grivas assumed the nom de guerre Digenis in honour of the Byzantine Digenis Akritas, who repelled invaders from the Byzantine Empire during the Middle Ages. A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) Digenis Acritis (Διγενῆς Ἀκρίτης) known in Folksongs as Διγενῆς Ἀκρίτας ( is the most famous of the Acritic Songs. The EOKA was clandestinely supported by the Greek Government in the form of arms, money and propaganda on radio stations broadcast from Athens. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Its military campaign began on April 1, 1955 and while its main target was the British military, the EOKA also targeted civilian installations on the island as well as assassinating pro-British Cypriots, informants, Taksim (Turkish Cypriot supporters of partition), and members of the Turkish Cypriot insurgent organisation, the Turkish Resistance Organization. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Taksim ( Turkish for "division" was the objective of Turkish Cypriots who supported a partition of the island of Cyprus into Turkish and Greek Turkish Resistance Organization ( Turkish: Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı &ndash TMT was a Turkish Cypriot pro- Taksim paramilitary organisation
Over the period 30,000 British troops were assigned to combat the organisation. Troops were used to bring down any action that would evoke patriotic feelings (Greeks were not allowed to sing their National anthem and the education was controlled) as well as actively hunt EOKA personnel.
On the 16 June 1956, the bombing of a restaurant by EOKA led to the death of William P. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Boteler, a CIA officer working under diplomatic cover. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all Colonel Grivas immediately issued a statement denying a deliberate attempt to target American citizens. He further warned American officials, for their own safety, to avoid the establishments patronized by "our British enemy. "[3]
In October 1956 an EOKA leader, Pilots Christofi, was captured by HIMEOBS during Operation Sparrowhawk. The following year Grigoris Afxentiou was burned while still alive by the British troops[4]. Grigoris Pieris Afxentiou (Γρηγόρης Πιερής Αυξεντίου (1928 – 1957 was a guerilla fighter who fought against the British rule of Cyprus A number of other Greek fighters were hanged, including the 18-year old, Evagoras Pallikarides. Evagoras Pallikarides ( 26 February 1938 - March 14, 1957) was an EOKA fighter during the 1955-1959 campaign against the [5]
EOKA's activity continued until December 1959 when a cease-fire was declared which paved the way for the Zürich agreement on the future of the country. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Zürich and London Agreement was the agreement which took place on the 19 February 1959 between Turkey, Greece, the United Kingdom
The EOKA aim to rid Cyprus of British rule was partially met when on 16 August 1960 Cyprus achieved independence from the United Kingdom with the exception of two "Sovereign Base Areas" (SBA) at Akrotiri and Dhekelia. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Sovereign Base Areas are military bases located on territory in which the United Kingdom is sovereign but which are separated from the ordinary British territory The settlement explicitly denied enosis - the union with Greece sought by EOKA. For the Genus of Grass skipper Butterflies, see Enosis (butterfly. Although Cyprus gained its independence, it came with a complex constitution and the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee - a security arrangement compromising of a three-way guaranteeship from Turkey, Greece and Britain that neither would annex the independent republic. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity The Zürich and London Agreement was the agreement which took place on the 19 February 1959 between Turkey, Greece, the United Kingdom (see History of Cyprus). Prehistory See also Cyprus (Prehistory Cyprus was not settled in the old stone age, which led to the survival of numerous dwarf forms
After independence EOKA fighters formed regional associations such as ΣΑΠΕΛ (Σύνδεσμος Αγωνιστών Πόλεως και Επαρχίας Λεμεσού; Union of Fighters of Limassol and district) that have been participating in commemorations, museum collections etc. In the 90's a dedicated old people's home for ex EOKA fighters was constructed in the village of Palodhia, near Limassol.
A museum dedicated to the EOKA struggle was created in 1960 and is located in the centre of Nicosia. [6]
See also
References
- ^ Kraemer, Joseph S. EOKA-B was a Greek Cypriot paramilitary organisation formed in 1971 (Winter, 1971). "Revolutionary Guerrilla Warfare & the Decolonization Movement" (PDF). Polity 4 (2): 146.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Gup, Ted. Book of Honor: Covert Lives and Classified Deaths at the CIA page 90, New York, Doubleday, 2000. The Doubleday Publishing Group is the fifth largest Book Publishing company in the world ISBN 0-385-49293-6
- ^ Grivas, George; Charles Foley (1964). The Memoirs of General Grivas. London: Longmans.
- ^ Simpson, Alfred William Brian (2001). Human Rights and the End of Empire: Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention. Oxford University Press, p. 876. ISBN 978-0199267897.
- ^ Leonidou, Leo. "The flag that marked the end of colonial rule", Cyprus Mail, Thursday, June 22, 2006. Cyprus Mail is a Cypriot English-language Newspaper. It is published daily (except Mondays and a number of articles are available online Retrieved on 2007-04-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic