| European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS N. V. | |
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| Type | Public (Euronext: EAD, BMAD: EAD, FWB: EAD) |
| Founded | 2000 |
| Headquarters | Ottobrunn, Germany Paris, France Schiphol-Rijk, The Netherlands |
| Key people | Louis Gallois (CEO) Rüdiger Grube (Chairman) |
| Industry | Aerospace, defence, and telecommunications |
| Revenue | €39. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc Euronext NV is a pan- European Stock exchange based in Paris and with subsidiaries in Belgium, France, Netherlands Bolsa de Madrid (Madrid Stock Exchange is the largest and most international of Spain's four regional Stock exchanges located in Barcelona, Valencia The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Ottobrunn is a municipality southeast of Munich, Bavaria, Germany, founded in 1955 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Schiphol-Rijk ( is a town and an industrial estate in the Dutch province of North Holland. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Louis Gallois (born January 26, 1944) is a French Businessman and currently the CEO of EADS, and CEO of Airbus Rüdiger Grube (born 2 August 1951) is the Chairman of EADS since April 2007 For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the The arms industry is a global Industry and Business which Manufactures and sells Weapons and Military technology and equipment. In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 434 billion (2006) |
| Operating income | €399 million |
| Net income | €99 million |
| Employees | 116,805 (2006) |
| Parent | SOGEADE Daimler AG |
| Divisions | Airbus Astrium Defence & Security Eurocopter Military Transport Aircraft |
| Website | www.eads.eu |
The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS N. In financial and business Accounting, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT is a measure of a firm's profitability that excludes interest and income tax expenses Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A holding company is a company that owns part all or a majority of other companies' outstanding Stock. SOGEADE ( Société de gestion de l'aéronautique de la défense et de l'espace) is a French Holding company. Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and A division of a business entity is a portion of that business that operates under a different name Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing EADS Astrium is an Aerospace subsidiary of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS based in Hampshire England EADS Defense & Security Systems or DS is a division of EADS. The division focuses on systems intelligence integration and expertise The Eurocopter Group is a European Helicopter manufacturing and support company formed in 1992 from the merger of German Daimler-Benz Aerospace Military Transport Aircraft or MTA is a division of EADS which designs manufactures and commercialises light and medium transport aircraft A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages V. (EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation, formed by the merger on July 10, 2000 of DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG (DASA) of Germany, Aérospatiale-Matra of France, and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) of Spain. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG or DASA, was the former aerospace subsidiary of Daimler-Benz AG (later DaimlerChrysler) from 1989 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Aérospatiale-Matra was a European Missile and Aircraft manufacturer. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The company develops and markets civil and military aircraft, as well as missiles, space rockets, satellites, and related systems. The company is headquartered in the Netherlands in Schiphol-Rijk. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Schiphol-Rijk ( is a town and an industrial estate in the Dutch province of North Holland. The company operates under Dutch law.
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The 1997 merger of American corporations Boeing and McDonnell Douglas, which followed the forming of Lockheed Martin, the world's largest defence contractor in 1995, increased the pressure on European defence companies to consolidate. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E McDonnell Douglas was a major American Aerospace manufacturer and Defense contractor, producing a number of famous commercial and military aircraft Lockheed Martin ( is a large multinational Aerospace manufacturer and advanced technology Company formed in 1995 by the merger of In June 1997 British Aerospace Defence Managing Director John Weston commented "Europe. John Weston is a British businessman John was educated at Kings School Worcester and Trinity Hall Cambridge where he read engineering . . is supporting three times the number of contractors on less than half the budget of the U. S. ". [1] European governments wished to see the merger of their defence manufacturers into a single entity, a European Aerospace and Defence Company. [2]
As early as 1995 the German aerospace and defence company DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (DASA) and its British counterpart British Aerospace were said to be keen to create a transnational aerospace and defence company. DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG or DASA, was the former aerospace subsidiary of Daimler-Benz AG (later DaimlerChrysler) from 1989 British Aerospace (BAe was a UK aircraft and defence-systems manufacturer that is now part of BAE Systems. [3] The two companies envisaged including Aérospatiale, the other major European aerospace company, but only after its privatisation. [4] The first stage of this integration was seen as the transformation of Airbus from a consortium of British Aerospace, DASA, Aérospatiale and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA into an integrated company; in this aim BAe and DASA were united against the various objections of Aérospatiale. Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing [5] As well as Airbus, British Aerospace and DASA were partners in the Panavia Tornado and Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft projects. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Merger discussions began between British Aerospace and DASA in July 1998, just as French participation became more likely with the announcement that Aérospatiale was to merge with Matra and emerge with a diluted French government shareholding. Mécanique Avion TRAction or Matra was a French company covering a wide range of activities mainly related to automobile Bicycles Aeronautics [6] A merger was agreed between British Aerospace Chairman Richard Evans and DASA CEO Jürgen Schrempp in December 1998. Sir Richard Harry Evans, CBE, Hon DTech, Hon FRAeS (less formally known as Dick Evans before and after his Knighthood) was born Jürgen Erich Schrempp (born September 15, 1944 in Freiburg) was until December 31, 2005, the CEO of DaimlerChrysler [7] However when the British General Electric Company put its defence electronics business Marconi Electronic Systems up for sale on 22 December 1998, British Aerospace abandoned the DASA merger in favour of purchasing its British rival. The General Electric Company or GEC was a major UK company involved in consumer and defence electronics communications and engineering Marconi Electronic Systems (MES, or GEC-Marconi as it was until 1998 was the defence arm of The General Electric Company (GEC Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The merger of British Aerospace and MES to form BAE Systems was announced on 19 January 1999 and completed on 30 November. BAE Systems plc (BAE is a British defence and aerospace company headquartered in Farnborough, England, that has global interests particularly Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats [8][9] Evans stated that in 2004 that his fear was that an American defence contractor would acquire MES and challenge both British Aerospace and DASA. [7]
DASA and the Spanish aircraft company Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA agreed to merge with the signature of a memorandum of understanding on 11 June 1999. [10] On 14 October 1999 DASA agreed to merge with Aérospatiale-Matra to create the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company. [11] 10 July 2000 was "Day One" for the new company which became the world's second largest aerospace company after Boeing and the second-largest European arms manufacturer after BAE Systems. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E The arms industry is a global Industry and Business which Manufactures and sells Weapons and Military technology and equipment. [12]
In January 2001 Airbus Industrie was transformed from an inherently inefficient consortium structure to a formal joint stock company, with legal and tax procedures being finalised on 11 July. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. [13][14] Both EADS and BAE transferred ownership of their Airbus factories to the new Airbus SAS in return for 80% and 20% shares in the new company respectively. In April 2001 EADS agreed to merge its missile businesses with those of BAE Systems and Alenia Marconi Systems (BAE/Finmeccanica) to form MBDA. Alenia Marconi Systems (AMS was a major European integrated defence electronics company and an equal shares Joint venture between BAE Systems and Finmeccanica SpA is an Italian conglomerate. Finmeccanica is the second largest industrial group and the largest of the Hi-tech industrial groups based MBDA is a missile manufacturer with operations in France, Germany, Italy and Britain. EADS took a 37. 5% share of the new company which was formally established in December 2001 and which thus became the world's second largest missile manufacturer. [15]
On 16 June 2003 EADS acquired BAE's 25% share in Astrium, the satellite and space system manufacturer, to become the sole owner. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. EADS Astrium is an Aerospace subsidiary of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS based in Hampshire England EADS paid £84 million, however due to the lossmaking status of the company BAE invested an equal amount for "restructuring". [16] It was subsequently renamed EADS Astrium. EADS Astrium is an Aerospace subsidiary of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS based in Hampshire England In November 2003, EADS announced that it was considering working with Japanese companies, and the Japanese METI, to develop a hypersonic airliner intended to be a larger, faster, and quieter, replacement for the Concorde, which was retired in October the same year. The or METI, is a Japanese government ministry It was created by the 2001 Central Government Reform when the Ministry of International Trade and Industry In Aerodynamics, hypersonic speeds are speeds that are highly Supersonic. An airliner is a large Fixed-wing aircraft with the primary function of transporting paying passengers WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Despite repeated suggestions as early as 2000 that BAE Systems wished to sell its 20% share of Airbus, the possibility was consistently denied by the company. [17] However on 6 April 2006 BBC News reported that it was indeed to sell its stake, then "conservatively valued" at £2. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 4 billion. [18] Due to the slow pace of informal negotiations, BAE exercised its put option which saw investment bank Rothschild appointed to give an independent valuation. Example of a put option on a stock Buy a Put A Buyer thinks price of a stock will decrease N M Rothschild & Sons (more commonly known simply as Rothschild) is the Investment bank company of the Rothschild family. Six days after this process began, Airbus announced delays to the A380 with significant effects on the value of Airbus shares. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout On 2 June 2006 Rothschild valued BAE's share at £1. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 87 billion, well below BAE's, analysts' and even EADS' expectations. [19] The BAE board recommended that the company proceed with the sale and on 4 October 2006 shareholders voted in favour; the sale was completed on 13 October making EADS the sole shareholder of Airbus. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees [20]
In March 2007 EADS Defence and Security Systems division was awarded an eight year, £200m contract to provide the IT infrastructure for the FiReControl project in the UK. FiReControl is a UK based project to reduce the number of regional control centres or RCCs used to handle emergency calls for fire brigades and authorities [21]
On 29 February 2008, the U.S. Air Force awarded a $35 billion contract for aerial refueling tankers to Northrop Grumman, with EADS as a major subcontract. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours The contract, one of the largest created by the Department of Defense, is initially valued at $35 billion but has the potential to grow to $100 billion. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government It is also a sign of the growing influence of foreign suppliers within the Pentagon and breaks a relationship that has lasted decades with Boeing, which had built the bulk of the existing tanker fleet and had fought hard to land the new contract.
Under the contract, Northrop Grumman and EADS would build a fleet of 179 planes, based on the existing Airbus 330, to provide in-air refueling to military aircraft, from fighter jets to cargo planes. Northrop Grumman Corporation ( is an Aerospace and defense technology company formed by the 1994 purchase of Grumman by Northrop. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout While final assembly of the craft would take place at an Airbus plant near Mobile, Alabama, parts would come from suppliers across the globe. [22]
EADS' Executive Committee is headed by Louis Gallois, the EADS CEO. American Eurocopter is a Subsidiary of EADS North America, the United States subsidiary of EADS. EADS Socata is a business unit of EADS dedicated to the production of General aviation aircraft propelled by Piston engines and Turboprops EADS EFW (EADS Elbe Flugzeugwerke GmbH, literally Elbe aircraft works is a subsidiary and business unit of EADS in Dresden. Arianespace SA is a French company and was founded in 1980. They undertake the production operation and marketing of the Ariane 5 rocket launcher as part A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Other members are François Auque (Astrium), Lutz Bertling (Eurocopter), Jean Botti (Chief Technical Officer), Fabrice Brégier (EADS Operational Performance), Ralph Crosby (EADS North America), Thomas Enders (Airbus), Jussi Itävuori (Human Resources), Marwan Lahoud (Chief Marketing and Strategy Officer), Hans Peter Ring (Chief Financial Officer EADS and Airbus), Carlos Suárez (Military Transport Aircraft) and Stefan Zoller (Defence and Security). [23]
The Executive Committee is appointed by the board of directors, itself appointed by Daimler AG and SOGEADE. Both appoint four directors plus one independent director. As of July 2003 SEPI no longer nominates a board member, but a Spanish director is retained as the 11th member. [24] The board also appoints the company's chairmen, one from the Daimler nominated directors and from the SOGEADE nominated directors. As of September 2007 the Chairmen are Rüdiger Grube and Arnaud Lagardère. The other board members are Louis Gallois, Thomas Enders, Hans Peter Ring, Juan Manuel Eguiagaray, Michel Pébereau, Bodo Uebber, François David and Michael Rogowski. [24]
In late 2004 Noël Forgeard (then Airbus CEO) was nominated by Lagardère as the next French CEO of EADS. Noël Forgeard (born December 8, 1946) is a French Industrialist, and was joint CEO of EADS. Forgeard had suggested that this system should be abolished in favour of a single CEO in a move that DaimlerChrysler saw as an attempt to engineer a French dominated management team. Following protracted arguments, which caused embarrassment to EADS at the Paris Air Show, the appointment was confirmed by the EADS Board of Directors on June 25, 2005. The Paris Air Show ( Salon International de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace Paris-Le Bourget) is an international trade fair for the aerospace business Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. At the same meeting the Board, in consultation with partner BAE Systems, named Gustav Humbert as President and CEO of Airbus. Dr Gustav Humbert (born in February 1950 in Celle, Germany) is the former Chief Executive Officer and President of Airbus SAS, and
As of 3 July 2007 41. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 63% of EADS stock is publicly traded on six European stock exchanges, while the remaining 58. 37% is owned by a "Contractural Partnership". [25] The latter is owned by SOGEADE (27. SOGEADE ( Société de gestion de l'aéronautique de la défense et de l'espace) is a French Holding company. 38%), Daimler AG (22. Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and 41%), SEPI (5. Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales is a large public Spanish industrial Holding company. 46%) and Dubai Holding (3. Dubai Holding (دبي القابضة is a holding company that belongs to the Government of Dubai (Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum as the Ruler of Dubai holds 99 12%). [26] SOGEADE is owned by the French State and Lagardère, while SEPI is a Spanish state holding company. Lagardère SCA ( is a French conglomerate formerly known as Matra, with holdings in Publishing, Retail, media, and France also owns 0. 06% of publicly traded stock. [25]
In October 2005 the British Ministry of Defence warned European politicians to stop, as it sees it, interfering in the corporate governance of EADS. The Ministry of Defence ( MoD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters The UK Defence Procurement Minister Lord Drayson has hinted that the UK government, a major customer for EADS, may withhold future contracts. Paul Rudd Drayson Baron Drayson (born in 1960 is a British businessman racing driver and politician "As a key customer, we see it as important for EADS to move in a direction that is free from political interference. " [27]
On April 4, 2006, DaimlerChrysler announced its intention to reduce its shareholding from 30% to 22. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 5%. The company places a value of the stake at "approximately €2. 0 billion. " [28] Lagardère will reduce its holding by an identical amount. However, Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, a unit of the French government, acquired 2. 25% of EADS. At issue as a result is the fact that the German and French shareholdings are now in imbalance. [29]
On August 30, 2006, shortly after the stock price decline caused by the A380 delivery delays, more than 5% of EADS stock has been reportedly purchased by the Russian state-owned Vneshtorgbank. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Bank VTB ( Russian: ОАО "Банк ВТБ" former Vneshtorgbank is one of the leading universal banks of Russia and the [30] Now its share is nearly 6%. In December 2007, Vneshtorgbank sold EADS shares to another state-controlled bank Vneshekonombank. Bank VTB ( Russian: ОАО "Банк ВТБ" former Vneshtorgbank is one of the leading universal banks of Russia and the Vnesheconombank (VEB is a Russian bank the Russian name is Внешэкономбанк (ВЭБ which translates to "External Economy Bank" EADS sharers are to be delivered by Vneshekonombank to the charter capital of JSC "United Aircraft Corporation" in 2008. Vnesheconombank (VEB is a Russian bank the Russian name is Внешэкономбанк (ВЭБ which translates to "External Economy Bank"
On October 3, 2006, shortly after EADS admitted further delays in the Airbus 380 program would cost the company 4. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 8 billion euros in lost earnings in 2010, EADS shares, traded on the Paris arm of Euronext, were suspended after they surpassed the 10 per cent loss limit. Trading resumed later in the day with the one day loss holding at 7 per cent [1].
As a result of criticisms, the Norwegian Government Pension Fund excluded EADS and its sister company EADS Finance BV from its portfolio in 2005, arguing that EADS manufactures "key components for cluster bombs. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Government Pension Fund of Norway comprises two entirely separate Sovereign wealth funds owned by the Government of Norway: The Government Pension Fund Cluster munitions or cluster bombs are air-dropped or ground-launched munitions that eject a number of smaller submunitions a cluster of bomblets " EADS and its subsidiaries fulfill all the conditions of the Ottawa Treaty. The Ottawa Treaty or the Mine Ban Treaty, formally the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use Stockpiling Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their No product of EADS or its subsidiaries falls into the category of antipersonnel mines as defined by the Ottawa Treaty ("landmines under the Ottawa Treaty"), also all activities undertaken by EADS are in accordance with the national and international rules and regulations that apply to the company. EADS owned the company TDA in a joint venture with the company Thales S. A. and TDA produced the mortar ammunition PR Cargo, which can be considered cluster ammunition, however this has since been divested. In April 2006 the fund declared that the basis for excluding EADS from investments related to production of cluster munitions is no longer valid, however its shareholding of MBDA means the fund still excludes EADS due to its indirect involvement in nuclear weapons production. [31]
In 2003 Tony Yengeni, former chief whip of South Africa's ANC, was convicted of fraud relating to an arms deal with South Africa, in which EADS were major players[32], worth around $5bn. Tony Sithembiso Yengeni (born 11 October 1954) is a South African Politician and convicted felon The BBC reported that EADS had admitted that it had "rendered assistance" to some 30 senior officials to obtain luxury vehicles, including defence force chief General Siphiwe Nyanda. [33]
On June 2, 2006 co-CEO Noël Forgeard and Airbus CEO Gustav Humbert resigned following the controversy caused by the June 2006 announcement that deliveries of the A380 would be delayed by a further six months. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Dr Gustav Humbert (born in February 1950 in Celle, Germany) is the former Chief Executive Officer and President of Airbus SAS, and Forgeard was one of a number of executives who exercised stock options in November 2005 and March 2006. He and 21 other executives are under investigation as to whether they knew about the delays in the Airbus A380 project which caused a 26% fall in EADS shares when publicised. [34]
The French government's actions are also under investigation; The stated-owned bank Caisse des Dépots et Consignations (CDC) bought part of Lagardère's 7. 5% stake in EADS in April 2006, allowing that latter to partially escape the June 2006 losses. [34]