Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann
Born	24 January 1776(1776-01-24) Königsberg, East Prussia
Died	25 June 1822 (aged 46) Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia
Pen name	E. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Königsberg (Karaliaučius Low German: Königsbarg; Królewiec see also other names) was until 1946 the name of Kaliningrad. East Prussia (Ostpreußen; Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Prusy Wschodnie Восточная Пруссия or Vostochnaya Prussiya) refers to the main part Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. } The Province of Brandenburg (Provinz Brandenburg was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946 The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity T. A. Hoffmann
Occupation	jurist, author, composer, music critic, artist
Nationality	German
Writing period	1809-1822
Genres	fantasy
Literary movement	Romanticism

Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann (January 24, 1776 – June 25, 1822), better known by his pen name E. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance A music critic is someone who reviews Music (including printed music performances and recorded music and publishes writing on them in books or journals (or on the internet The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity T. A. Hoffmann (Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann), was a German Romantic author of fantasy and horror, a jurist, composer, music critic, draftsman and caricaturist. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting Horror fiction is broadly Fiction in any medium intended to scare unsettle or horrify the audience JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance A music critic is someone who reviews Music (including printed music performances and recorded music and publishes writing on them in books or journals (or on the internet Drawing is a Visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium A caricature is either a Portrait that exaggerates or distorts the essence of a person or thing to create an easily identifiable visual likeness or in literature a description He is the subject and hero of Jacques Offenbach's famous but fictional opera The Tales of Hoffmann. Jacques Offenbach (born Jacob Offenbach 20 June 1819 in Cologne &ndash 5 October 1880 in Paris) was a German

Hoffmann's stories were tremendously influential in the 19th century, and he is one of the key authors of the Romantic movement. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the

Life

Youth

Hoffmann's ancestors, both maternal and paternal, were jurists. JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than His father, Christoph Ludwig Hoffmann (1736–97) was a barrister in Königsberg, Prussia, and also a poet and amateur musician who played the viola da gamba. A barrister is a Lawyer found in many Common law Jurisdictions that employ a split profession (as opposed to a Fused profession) in relation Königsberg (Karaliaučius Low German: Königsbarg; Królewiec see also other names) was until 1946 the name of Kaliningrad. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The viol (also called viola da gamba) is any one of a family of bowed, Fretted stringed Musical instruments developed in the 1400s In 1767 he married his cousin Lovisa Albertina Doerffer (1748–96). Ernst Theodor Wilhelm, born on January 24, 1776, was the youngest of three children, of whom the second died in infancy. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

His parents separated in 1778, the father going to Insterburg (now Chernyakhovsk) with his elder son, Johann Ludwig Hoffmann (1768–after 1822), while Ernst's mother stayed in Königsberg with her relatives: two aunts, Johanna Sophie Doerffer (1745-1803) and Charlotte Wilhelmine Doerffer (c. Chernyakhovsk (Черняхо́вск; Įsrūtis Wystruć is a town in the centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, at the confluence of the rivers 1754-79) and their brother, Otto Wilhelm Doerffer (1741–1811), who were all unmarried. This trio took it upon themselves to educate the youngster.

The household, dominated by the uncle (whom Ernst nicknamed O Weh or "Oh dear" in a play on his initials), was pietistic and uncongenial. Hoffmann was to regret his estrangement from his father. Nevertheless, he remembered his aunts with great affection, especially the younger, Charlotte, whom he nicknamed Tante Füßchen ("Aunt Littlefeet"). Although she died when he was only three years old, he treasured her memory (e. g. see Kater Murr) and embroidered stories about her to such an extent that later biographers sometimes assumed her to be imaginary, until proofs of her existence were found after World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[1]

Between 1781 and 1792 he attended the Lutheran school or Burgschule, where he made good progress in classics. He was taught drawing by one Saemann, and counterpoint by a Polish organist named Podbileski, who was to be the prototype of Abraham Liscot in Kater Murr. Ernst showed great talent for piano-playing, and busied himself with writing and drawing. The provincial setting was not, however, conducive to technical progress, and despite his many-sided talents he remained relatively ignorant, both of classical forms and of the new artistic ideas that were then developing in Germany. He had however read Schiller, Goethe, Swift, Sterne, Rousseau, and Jean Paul, and wrote part of a novel called Der Geheimnisvolle. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller krɪstɔf friːtʁɪç fɔn ʃɪləʁ/ʃɪlɐ (10 November 1759 9 May 1805 was a German Poet, Philosopher ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 Laurence Sterne ( November 24, 1713 &ndash March 18, 1768) was an Irish -born English Novelist and an Anglican Jean Paul ( 21 March, 1763 &mdash 14 November, 1825) born Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, was a German Writer,

Around 1787 he became friends with Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel (1775-1843), the son of a pastor and nephew of Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel, the well-known writer friend of Immanuel Kant. Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel ( January 31, 1741 &ndash April 23, 1796) was a German Satirical and humorous Writer Immanuel Kant (ɪmanuəl kant 22 April 1724 12 February 1804 was an 18th-century German Philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg In 1792, both attended some of Kant's lectures at the University of Königsberg. The University of Königsberg (Albertus-Universität Königsberg was the University of Königsberg, East Prussia. Their friendship, although often tested by a widening social gulf, was to be life-long.

In 1794, Hoffmann fell in love with Dora Hatt, a married woman to whom he had given music lessons. She was ten years older, and in 1795 gave birth to her sixth child. In February 1796, her family protested against his attentions, and, with his faltering consent, they asked another of his uncles to arrange employment for him in Glogau (Głogów), Prussian Silesia. Głogów (Hlohov (rare Glogau rarely Groß-Glogau) is a Town in southwestern Poland. The Province of Silesia (Provinz Schlesien Prowincja Śląsk was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1919 the territory had been conquered from ^[2]

The provinces

From 1796 Hoffmann obtained employment as a clerk for his uncle, Johann Ludwig Doerffer, who lived in Glogau with his daughter Minna. After passing further examinations he visited Dresden, where he was amazed by the paintings in the gallery, particularly those of Correggio and Raphael. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German Raphael Sanzio, usually known by his first name alone (in Italian Raffaello) (April 6 or March 28 1483 – April 6 1520 was an Italian painter and In the summer of 1798 his uncle was promoted to a court in Berlin, and the three of them moved there in August — Hoffmann's first residence in a large city. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. It was there that Hoffmann first attempted to promote himself as a composer, writing an operetta called Die Maske and sending a copy to Queen Luise of Prussia. Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie ( Luisa Augusta Wilhelmina Amelia) ( March 10, 1776 &ndash July 19, 1810) Queen of The official reply advised to him to write to the director of the Royal Theatre, a man named Iffland. By the time the latter responded, Hoffmann had passed his third round of exams and had already left for Posen (Poznań) in South Prussia in the company of his old friend Hippel, with a brief stop in Dresden to show him the gallery. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland South Prussia (Südpreußen Prusy Południowe was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1793 to 1807

From June 1800 to 1803 he worked in Prussian provinces in the area of Greater Poland and Masovia. Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska (Großpolen Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland Masovia or Mazovia (Mazowsze is a geographic and historic region situated in eastern Poland 's Masovian Plain. This was the first time he had lived without supervision by members of his family, and he started to become "what school principals, parsons, uncles, and aunts call dissolute. " His first job, at Posen, was put in jeopardy after Carnival on Shrove Tuesday 1802, when caricatures of military officers were distributed at a ball. Shrove Tuesday is the term used in Ireland the United Kingdom Australia and Canada to refer to the day after Shrove Monday (or the more old fashioned Collop Monday It was immediately deduced who had drawn them, and complaints were made to authorities in Berlin, who were reluctant to punish the promising young official. The problem was solved by "promoting" Hoffmann to Płock in New East Prussia, a muddy village which had recently gained importance after administrative offices were moved there from Thorn (Toruń). Płock is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river with 131011 inhabitants New East Prussia (Neuostpreußen Prusy Nowowschodnie was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 to 1807 Toruń Lublin Voivodeship Toruń (Thorn Torń Thorunium see also other names) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River with population He visited the place to arrange lodging, before returning to Posen where he married "Mischa" (Maria, or Marianna Tekla Michalina Rorer, whose Polish surname was Trzcińska). Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. They moved to Płock in August 1802.

Hoffmann despaired over his exile, and drew caricatures of himself drowning in mud alongside ragged villagers. He did make use, however, of his isolation, by writing and composing. He started a diary on 1 October 1803. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a An essay on the theatre was published in Kotzebue's periodical, Die Freimüthige, and he entered a competition in the same magazine to write a play. Hoffmann's was called Der Preis ("The Prize"), and was itself about a competition to write a play. There were fourteen entries, but none was judged worthy of the award: 100 Friedrichs d'or. Nevertheless, his entry was singled out for praise. ^[3] This was one of the few high points in a sad period in his life, which saw the deaths of his uncle J. L. Hoffmann in Berlin, his Aunt Sophie, and Dora Hatt in Königsberg.

At the beginning of 1804 he obtained a post at Warsaw. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. On his way there, he passed through his hometown and met one of Dora Hatt's daughters. He was never to return to Königsberg.

Warsaw

Hoffmann assimilated well in Polish society; the years spent in Prussian Poland he recognized as the happiest in his life. In Warsaw he found the same atmosphere he had enjoyed in Berlin, renewing his friendship with Zacharias Werner, and meeting his future biographer, a neighbour and fellow jurist called Julius Eduard Itzig (who changed his name to Hitzig after his baptism). Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias Werner ( November 18, 1768 &ndash January 17, 1823) was a German Poet, Dramatist, Itzig had been a member of the Berlin literary group called the Nordstern, and he gave Hoffmann the works of Novalis, Ludwig Tieck, Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano, Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert, Carlo Gozzi, and Calderon. Novalis (noˈvaːlɪs was the Pseudonym of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg ( May 2, 1772 - March 25, 1801 Johann Ludwig Tieck ( May 31, 1773 &ndash April 28, 1853) was a German Poet, Translator, editor Ludwig Achim (or Joachim) von Arnim ( January 26, 1781 &ndash January 21, 1831) was a German Poet Clemens Brentano, or Klemens Brentano ( September 9, 1778 &ndash July 28, 1842) was a German Poet and Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert ( 26 April 1780, Hohenstein-Ernstthal &mdash 30 June 1860, Laufzorn, a village in Oberhaching Carlo Count Gozzi ( 13 December 1720 &ndash April 4, 1806) was an Italian Dramatist. Calderón is a Spanish surname It is derived from the Vulgar Latin " caldaria " (" Cauldron " These relatively late introductions marked his work profoundly.

He moved in the circles of August Wilhelm Schlegel, Adelbert von Chamisso, Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, Rahel Levin, and David Ferdinand Koreff. August Wilhelm (later von) Schlegel ( September 8, 1767 &ndash May 12, 1845) was a German Poet, Adelbert von Chamisso ( January 30 1781 &ndash August 21 1838) was a German Poet and Botanist. Friedrich Heinrich Karl de la Motte Baron Fouqué ( February 12, 1777 &ndash January 23, 1843) was a German Writer Rahel Varnhagen (ˈʁaːɛl ˈfaʁnhaːgən née Levin ( June 19, 1771 - March 7, 1833) was a German-Jewish writer who hosted one David Ferdinand Koreff (1783-1851 was a German Physician who was a personal doctor of Staatskanzler Karl August von Hardenberg and occupied one of the

Unfortunately, his fortunate position was not to last: on 28 November 1806 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte's troops liberated Warsaw, and the Prussian bureaucrats lost their positions at a stroke. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Fourth Coalition against Napoleon's French Empire was defeated in a war spanning 1806&ndash1807 Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. They divided the contents of the treasury between them and fled. In January 1807 his wife and two-year-old daughter Cäcilia returned to Posen, while he pondered whether to move to Vienna or go back to Berlin. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. A delay of six months was caused by severe illness. Eventually the French authorities demanded that all former officials swear allegiance or leave the country. As they refused to grant him a passport to Vienna, he was forced to return to Berlin. He visited his family in Posen before arriving in Berlin on 18 June 1807, hoping to further his career there as an artist and writer. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Berlin and Bamberg

The next fifteen months were some of the worst in Hoffmann's life. The city of Berlin was also occupied by Napoleon's troops, and it was in vain that he tried to pick up the pieces. Obtaining only meagre allowances, he had frequent recourse to his friends, constantly borrowing money and still going hungry for days at a time; he learned that his daughter had died. Nevertheless, he managed to compose his Six Canticles for a cappella choir: one of his best compositions, which he would later attribute to Kreisler in Lebensansichten des Katers Murr.

On 1 September 1808 he arrived with his wife in Bamberg, where he took up a position as theatre manager. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the river Regnitz, close to its confluence with the river Main The director, Count Soden, left almost immediately for Würzburg, leaving a man named Heinrich Cuno in charge. Hoffmann was unable to improve standards of performance, and his efforts led to intrigues against him which resulted in him losing his job to Cuno. He began work as music critic for the Allgemeinen musikalischen Zeitung, a newspaper in Leipzig. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong It was in its pages that the "Kapellmeister Johannes Kreisler" character made his first appearance. Kapellmeister (kəˈpɛlˌmaɪstər is a German word designating a person in charge of music-making Johannes Kreisler is the name of a character in three novels by E

Hoffmann's breakthrough came in 1809, with the publication of Ritter Gluck, a story about a man who meets, or believes he has met, the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-87) more than twenty years after the latter's death. He began to use the pen name E. T. A. Hoffmann, telling people that the "A" stood for Amadeus, in homage to the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–91). However, he continued to use Wilhelm in official documents throughout his life, and the initials E. T. W. also appear on his gravestone.

The next year, he was employed at the Bamberg Theatre as stagehand, decorator, and playwright, while also giving private music lessons. He fell so deeply in love with a young singing student, Julia Marc, that his feelings were obvious whenever they were together, and Julia's mother quickly found her a more suitable match. When Joseph Seconda offered Hoffmann a position as musical director for his opera company (then performing in Dresden), he accepted, leaving on 21 April 1813. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Dresden and Leipzig

Prussia had declared war against France on 16 March during the War of the Sixth Coalition, and their journey was fraught with difficulties. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king In the War of the Sixth Coalition (1812–1814 a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and a number They arrived on the 25th, only to find that Seconda was in Leipzig; on the 26th, they sent a letter pleading for temporary funds. That same day Hoffmann was surprised to meet Hippel, whom he had not seen in nine years.

The situation deteriorated, and in early May Hoffmann tried in vain to find transport to Leipzig. On 8 May, the bridges were destroyed, and his family were marooned in the city. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen During the day, Hoffmann would roam, watching the fighting with curiosity. Finally, on 20 May, they left for Leipzig, only to be involved in an accident which killed one of the passengers in their coach and injured his wife. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held

They arrived on 23 May, and Hoffmann started work with Seconda's orchestra, which he found to be of the highest quality. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne On 4 June an armistice began, which allowed the company to return to Dresden. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. But on 22 August, after the end of the armistice, the family was forced to move from their pleasant house in the suburbs into the town, and over the next few days the Battle of Dresden raged. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. The Battle of Dresden was fought on 26 - 27 August, 1813 around Dresden, Germany resulting in a French victory under Napoleon The city was bombarded; many people were killed by bombs directly in front of him. After the main battle was over, he visited the gory battlefield. His account can be found in Vision auf dem Schlachtfeld bei Dresden. After a long period of continued disturbance the town surrendered on 11 November, and on 9 December the company travelled to Leipzig. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city

On 25 February Hoffmann quarrelled with Seconda, and the next day he was given notice of twelve weeks. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor When asked to accompany them on their trip to Dresden in April, he refused, and they left without him. But in July his friend Hippel visited, and soon he found himself being guided back into his old career as a jurist.

Berlin

Grave of E. T. A. Hoffmann. Translated, the inscription reads: E. T. W. Hoffmann, born on January 24th, 1776, in Königsberg, died on June 25th, 1822, in Berlin, Counsillor of the Court of Justice, excellent in his office, as a poet, as a musician, as a painter, dedicated by his friends.

At the end of September 1814, in the wake of Napoleon's defeat, Hoffmann returned to Berlin and succeeded in regaining a position at the Kammergericht, the chamber court. His opera Undine was performed by the Berlin Theatre. Its successful run came to an end only after a fire on the night of the 25th performance. Magazines clamoured for his contributions, and after a while his standards started to decline. Nevertheless, many masterpieces date from this time.

The period from 1819 saw Hoffmann embroiled in legal disputes, while battling ill health. Alcohol abuse and syphilis led eventually to weakening of the limbs in 1821, and paralysis from the beginning of 1822. His last works were dictated to his wife or to a secretary.

Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich's anti-liberal crusades began to put Hoffmann in situations that tested his conscience. Thousands of people were accused of treason for having certain political opinions, and university professors were monitored during their lectures.

King Frederick William III of Prussia appointed an Immediate Commission for the investigation of political dissidence; when he found its observance of the rule of law too frustrating, he established a Ministerial Commission to interfere with its processes. Early life The son of King Frederick William II of Prussia, Frederick William was born in Potsdam and became Crown Prince in 1786 when his father ascended The latter was greatly influenced by Commissioner Kamptz. During the trial of Father Jahn, the leader of the Turmverein, Hoffmann found himself crossing the will of Kamptz, and became a political target. When Hoffmann caricatured Kamptz in a story (Meister Floh), Kamptz began legal proceedings. These petered out when Hoffmann's illness was seen to be life-threatening. The King asked for a reprimand only, but no action was ever taken. Eventually Meister Floh was published with the offending passages removed.

Hoffmann died in Berlin on 25 June 1822 at the age of 46, and is buried near the Hallesches Tor in the Jerusalem and New Churches Community Cemetery. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the

Works

For a more comprehensive list, see List of works by E. T. A. Hoffmann

Literary

• Fantasiestücke in Callots Manier (collection of previously published stories, 1814)
  • Ritter Gluck, Kreisleriana, Don Juan, Nachricht von den neuesten Schicksalen des Hundes Berganza
  • Der Magnetiseur, Der goldne Topf (revised in 1819), Die Abenteuer der Sylvesternacht
• Die Elixiere des Teufels (1815)
• Nachtstücke (1817)
  • Der Sandmann, Das Gelübde, Ignaz Denner, Die Jesuiterkirche in G. This is a chronological list of works by E T A Hoffmann. 1809-1825 1809 “Ritter Gluck Gluck’” (1st ed E T A Hoffmann 's novella The Golden Pot A Modern Fairytale goldne Topf Die Elixiere des Teufels ( The Devil's Elixir) is a novel by E The Sandman (Der Sandmann 1816) is a Short story written in German by E
  • Das Majorat, Das öde Haus, Das Sanctus, Das steinerne Herz
• Seltsame Leiden eines Theater-Direktors (1819)
• Klein Zaches, genannt Zinnober (1819)
• Die Serapionsbrüder (1819)
  • Der Einsiedler Serapion, Rat Krespel, Die Fermate, Der Dichter und der Komponist
  • Ein Fragment aus dem Leben dreier Freunde, Der Artushof, Die Bergwerke zu Falun, Nußknacker und Mausekönig (1816)
  • Der Kampf der Sänger, Eine Spukgeschichte, Die Automate, Doge und Dogaresse
  • Alte und neue Kirchenmusik, Meister Martin der Küfner und seine Gesellen, Das fremde Kind
  • Nachricht aus dem Leben eines bekannten Mannes, Die Brautwahl, Der unheimliche Gast
  • Das Fräulein von Scuderi, Spielerglück (1819), Der Baron von B. This article is about the story by E T.A Hoffmann For the ballet see The Nutcracker The Nutcracker and the Mouse King is a Story
  • Signor Formica, Zacharias Werner, Erscheinungen
  • Der Zusammenhang der Dinge, Vampirismus, Die ästhetische Teegesellschaft, Die Königsbraut
• Prinzessin Brambilla (1820)
• Lebensansichten des Katers Murr (1820)
• Die Irrungen (1820)
• Die Geheimnisse (1821)
• Die Doppeltgänger (1821)
• Meister Floh (1822)
• Des Vetters Eckfenster (1822)
• Letzte Erzählungen (1825)

Musical

Vocal Music

• Messa d-moll (1805)
• Trois Canzonettes à 2 et à 3 voix (1807)
• 6 Canzoni per 4 voci alla capella (1808)
• Miserere b-moll (1809)
• In des Irtisch weiße Fluten (Kotzebue), Lied (1811)
• Recitativo ed Aria „Prendi l’acciar ti rendo“ (1812)
• Tre Canzonette italiane (1812); 6 Duettini italiani (1812)
• Nachtgesang, Türkische Musik, Jägerlied, Katzburschenlied für Männerchor (1819-21)

Works for stage

• Die Maske (Libretto: E. T. A. Hoffmann), Singspiel (1799)
• Die lustigen Musikanten (Libretto: Clemens Brentano), Singspiel (1804)
• Bühnenmusik zu Zacharias Werners Trauerspiel „Das Kreuz an der Ostsee“ (1805)
• Liebe und Eifersucht (Calderón and August Wilhelm Schlegel) (1807)
• Arlequin, Ballettmusik (1808)
• Der Trank der Unsterblichkeit (Libretto: Julius von Soden), romantische Oper (1808)
• Wiedersehn! (Libretto: E. T. A. Hoffmann), Prolog (1809)
• Dirna (Libretto: Julius von Soden), Melodram (1809)
• Bühnenmusik zu Julius von Sodens Drama „Julius Sabinus“ (1810)
• Saul, König von Israel (Libretto: Joseph von Seyfried), Melodram (1811)
• Aurora (Libretto: Franz von Holbein) heroische Oper (1812)
• Undine (Libretto: Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué), Zauberoper (1814)
• Der Liebhaber nach dem Tode (beginning only)

Instrumental

• Rondo für Klavier (1794/95)
• Ouvertura. Musica per la chiesa d-moll (1801)
• Klaviersonaten: A-Dur, f-moll, F-Dur, f-moll, cis-moll (1805-1808)
• Große Fantasie für Klavier (1806)
• Sinfonie Es-Dur (1806)
• Harfenquintett c-moll (1807)
• Grand Trio E-Dur (1809)
• Walzer zum Karolinentag (1812)
• Teutschlands Triumph in der Schlacht bei Leipzig, (by "Arnulph Vollweiler", 1814; lost)
• Serapions-Walzer (1818-1821)

Hoffmann wrote novels and short stories, and he composed music, including an opera, Undine (1814). Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common However, when reading the original text of E. T. A. Hoffmann's stories, one soon realizes that these stories were conceived and written at a very sensitive time politically. Comparable messages were expressed in earlier animal stories such as Reinicke Fuchs or Aesop's Fables. Reynard the Fox, also known as Renard, Renart, Reinard, Reinecke, Reinhardus, Reynardt, Reynaerde Aesop's Fables or Aesopica refers to a collection of Fables credited to Aesop (620&ndash 560 BC) a slave and story-teller who lived His most familiar story is Nussknacker und Mausekönig ("Nutcracker and Mouse King", 1816), which inspired Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker (1892). Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Nutcracker (Щелкунчик Shchelkunchik) Op 71 is a Fairy tale - Ballet in two acts three scenes by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year His story Der Sandmann ("The Sandman", 1816) similarly inspired Delibes's ballet Coppélia (1870). The Sandman (Der Sandmann 1816) is a Short story written in German by E Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Delibes may refer to People with surname Delibes: Léo Delibes - A French composer of Romantic Music Coppélia is a sentimental comic Ballet with original choreography by Arthur Saint-Léon to a ballet libretto by Saint-Léon and Charles Nuitter Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The Nutcracker story is full of charming mimed phantasies with Marie (Clara in the ballet), Fritz and Pate Drosselmayr, the mean Mouse King and the popular Nutcracker. Many versions of the story have been published as children's books. Nutcracker performances have become a yearly feature in many cities around Christmas. Yet these stories, as with the majority of his literary work, point beyond themselves in philosophical terms; Hoffmann invariably moves into territory where an exploration of the nature of Selfhood, Art and value-judgements are required in order for the reader to enjoy Hoffmann's writings more fully. Stories are, in their various media, the ultimate form of self-definition and world-interpretation; it is through stories that Hoffmann expresses his aesthetic, ethical and political concerns. Moreover, the original Hoffmann stories (including the Nutcracker) often have dark themes.

Assessment

Hoffmann is one of the best-known representatives of German Romanticism, and a pioneer of the fantasy genre, with a taste for the macabre combined with realism that influenced such authors as Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), Nikolai Gogol (1809–1852), Charles Dickens (1812–1870), Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867), and Franz Kafka (1883–1924). For the general context see Romanticism. In the Philosophy, Art, and Culture of German -speaking countries German Romanticism Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting Macabre is a quality of certain artistic or literary works characterized by a grim or ghastly atmosphere Realism in the Visual arts and Literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in Everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol (Никола́й Васи́льевич Го́голь Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol;; Микола Васильович Гоголь Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hoffmann's work illuminates the darker side of the human spirit found behind the hypocritical harmony of bourgeois life, yet his wide-ranging influence upon and creative significance within the later German romantic period is frequently underestimated. The twentieth-century Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin characterised Hoffmann's works as Menippea, essentially satirical and self-parodying in form, thus placing him in a tradition that includes Cervantes, Diderot and Voltaire. Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin ( Russian: Михаил Михайлович Бахти́н mʲɪxʌˈil mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪʨ bʌxˈtʲin ( November 17, 1895 Menippean satire is a term broadly used to refer to Prose Satires that are rhapsodic in nature combining many different targets of Ridicule into Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( in modern Spanish; September 29, 1547 &ndash April 22, 1616) was a Spanish Novelist Denis Diderot ( October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784) was a French Philosopher and writer François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French

Robert Schumann's piano suite Kreisleriana (1838) takes its title from one of Hoffmann's books (and according to Charles Rosen's The Romantic Generation, is possibly also inspired by "The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr", in which Kreisler appears). Robert Schumann, sometimes given as Robert Alexander Schumann (June 8 1810 &ndash July 29 1856 was a German Composer, Aesthete and influential Music critic Kreisleriana, an early work of Robert Schumann, is an eight- movement piece for solo Piano, entitled Phantasien für das Pianoforte Charles Rosen (born May 5 1927 is an American Pianist and music theorist. Jacques Offenbach's masterwork, the opera Les contes d'Hoffmann ("The Tales of Hoffmann", 1881), is based on the stories Der Sandmann ("The Sandman", 1816), Rath Krespel ("Councillor Krespel", 1818), and Das verlorene Spiegelbild ("The Lost Reflection") from Die Abenteuer der Silvester-Nacht ("The Adventures of New Year's Eve", 1814). Jacques Offenbach (born Jacob Offenbach 20 June 1819 in Cologne &ndash 5 October 1880 in Paris) was a German Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Sandman (Der Sandmann 1816) is a Short story written in German by E Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker (1892) is based on "Nutcracker and Mouse King". The Nutcracker (Щелкунчик Shchelkunchik) Op 71 is a Fairy tale - Ballet in two acts three scenes by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Hoffmann also influenced 19th century musical taste directly through his music criticism. His reviews of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 (1808) and other important works set new literary standards for writing about music, and encouraged later writers to see music as "the most Romantic of all the arts. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Ludwig van Beethoven 's Symphony No 5 in C minor Op 67 was written in 1804–08 Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year " Hoffmann's reviews were first collected for modern readers by Friedrich Schnapp, ed. , in E. T. A. Hoffmann: Schriften zur Musik; Nachlese (1963) and have been made available in an English translation in E. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. T. A. Hoffmann's Writings on Music, Collected in a Single Volume (2004). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Hoffmann strove for artistic polymathy. He created far more in his works than mere political commentary achieved through satire. His masterpiece (it is generally agreed) is Lebensansichten des Katers Murr ("The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr", 1819–1821). Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year This novel deals with such issues as the aesthetic status of 'true' artistry, and the modes of self-transcendence that accompany any genuine endeavour to create. Hoffmann's portrayal of the character Kreisler (a genius musician) is wittily counterpointed with the character of the tomcat Murr — a virtuoso illustration of artistic pretentiousness that many of Hoffmann's contemporaries found offensive and subversive of Romantic ideals.

Hoffmann's literature points to the failings of many so-called artists to differentiate between the superficial and the authentic aspects of such Romantic ideals. The self-conscious effort to impress must, according to Hoffmann, be divorced from the self-aware effort to create. This essential duality in Kater Murr is structurally conveyed through a discursive 'splicing together' of two biographical narratives. Such a framework warrants an extensive exploration of its philosophical implications.

References to Hoffmann in other fiction

• Robertson Davies invokes Hoffmann as a character (with the pet name of 'ETAH') trapped in Limbo, within his novel The Lyre of Orpheus (1988). William Robertson Davies, CC, FRSC, FRSL (born August 28, 1913, at Thamesville, Ontario, and died December This article refers to the Robertson Davies novel The Lyre of Orpheus.
• Andrew Crumey's novel Mobius Dick also mentions Hoffmann, and specifically The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr. Andrew Crumey (born 1961 is a Novelist and former literary editor of the Scotland on Sunday newspaper
• Angela Carter - The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman (1972)
• Alexandre Dumas, père referenced Hoffmann in The Count of Monte Cristo. Angela Carter ( May 7, 1940 – February 16, 1992) was an English novelist and journalist known for her Feminist, The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman, published in the United States as The War of Dreams, is a 1972 Novel by The Count of Monte Cristo ( Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an Adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas père.

See also

• Gofmaniada, an upcoming Russian puppet-animated feature film centred on Hoffman and several of his stories. Gofmaniada (Гофманиа́да is an upcoming Stop motion - animated Feature film from Russian studio Soyuzmultfilm.

References

The following references are cited by the German-language article:

• Braun, Peter (2004). E. T. A. Hoffmann: Dichter, Zeichner, Musiker: Biographie. D/Düsseldorf: Artemis und Winkler. ISBN 3-538-07175-6.
• Deterding, Klaus (1991). Die Poetik der inneren und äußeren Welt bei E. T. A. Hoffmann: Zur Konstitution des Poetischen in den Werken und Selbstzeugnissen. Ph. D. dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin. Berliner Beiträge zur neueren deutschen Literaturgeschichte, 15. D/Frankfurt (Main): Lang. ISBN 3-631-44062-6.
• ———— (1999). Magie des poetischen Raums. [Vol. 1? of] E. T. A. Hoffmanns Dichtung und Weltbild. Beiträge zur neueren Literaturgeschichte, 3rd ser. , no. 152. D/Heidelberg: Winter. ISBN 3-8253-0541-4.
• ———— (2003₁). Das allerwunderbarste Märchen. Vol. 3 of E. T. A. Hoffmanns Dichtung und Weltbild. D/Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. ISBN 3-8260-2389-7.
• ———— (2003₂). Hoffmanns poetischer Kosmos. Vol. 4 of E. T. A. Hoffmanns Dichtung und Weltbild D/Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. ISBN 3-8260-2615-2.
• Ettelt, Wilhelm (1981). E. T. A. Hoffmann: Der Künstler und Mensch. D/Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. ISBN 3-88479-031-5.
• Feldges, Brigitte, & Ulrich Stadler (1986), ed. E. T. A. Hoffmann: Epoche – Werk – Wirkung. D/München: Beck. ISBN 3-406-31241-1.
• Fricke, Ronald (2000). Hoffmanns letzte Erzählung: Roman. D/Berlin: Rütten und Loening. ISBN 3-352-00561-3.
• Götting, Ronald (1992). E. T. A. Hoffmann und Italien. Europäische Hochschulschriften, ser. 1, Deutsche Sprache und Literatur, no. 1347. D/Frankfurt (Main): Lang. ISBN 3-631-45371-X.
• Gröble, Susanne (2000). E. T. A. Hoffmann. Universal-Bibliothek, no. 15222. D/Stuttgart: Reclam. ISBN 3-15-015222-4.
• Günzel, Klaus (1976). E. T. A. Hoffmann: Leben und Werk in Briefen, Selbstzeugnissen und Zeitdokumenten. D/Berlin: Bibliographie.
• Harnischfeger, Johannes (1988). Die Hieroglyphen der inneren Welt: Romantikkritik bei E. T. A. Hoffmann. D/Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. ISBN 3-531-12019-0.
• Hoffmann, Alfred (1990). E. T. A. Hoffmann: Leben und Arbeit eines preußischen Richters. D/Baden-Baden: Nomos-Verlag. ISBN 3-7890-2125-3.
• Jürgens, Christian (2003). Das Theater der Bilder: Ästhetische Modelle und literarische Konzepte in den Texten E. T. A. Hoffmanns. D/Heidelberg: Manutius-Verlag. ISBN 3-934877-29-X.
• Kaiser, Gerhard R. (1988). E. T. A. Hoffmann. Sammlung Metzler, no. 243, Realien zur Literatur. D/Stuttgart: Metzler. ISBN 3-476-10243-2.
• Keil, Werner (1986). E. T. A. Hoffmann als Komponist: Studien zur Kompositionstechnik an ausgewählten Werken. Neue musikgeschichtliche Forschungen, no. 14. D/Wiesbaden: Breitkopf und Härtel. ISBN 3-7651-0229-6.
• Klein, Ute (2000). Die produktive Rezeption E. T. A. Hoffmanns in Frankreich. Kölner Studien zur Literaturwissenschaft, no. 12. D/Frankfurt (Main): Lang. ISBN 3-631-36535-7.
• Kleßmann, Eckart (1995). E. T. A. Hoffmann oder die Tiefe zwischen Stern und Erde: Eine Biographie. Insel-Taschenbuch, no. 1732. D/Frankfurt (Main): Insel-Verlag. ISBN 3-458-33432-7.
• Kohlhof, Sigrid (1988). Franz Fühmann und E. T. A. Hoffmann: Romantikrezeption und Kulturkritik in der DDR. Europäische Hochschulschriften, ser. 1, Deutsche Sprache und Literatur, no. 1044. D/Frankfurt (Main): Lang. ISBN 3-8204-0286-1.
• Kremer, Detlef (1993). Romantische Metamorphosen: E. T. A. Hoffmanns Erzählungen. d/Stuttgart: Metzler. ISBN 3-476-00906-8.
• ———— (1998). E. T. A. Hoffmann zur Einführung. Zur Einführung, no. 166. D/Hamburg: Junius. ISBN 3-88506-966-0.
• Lewandowski, Rainer (1995). E. T. A. Hoffmann und Bamberg: Fiktion und Realität: Über eine Beziehung zwischen Leben und Literatur. D/Bamberg: Fränkischer Tag. ISBN 3-928648-20-9.
• Mangold, Hartmut (1989). Gerechtigkeit durch Poesie: Rechtliche Konfliktsituationen und ihre literarische Gestaltung bei E. T. A. Hoffmann. D/Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universal-Verlag. ISBN 3-8244-4030-X.
• Meier, Rolf (1994). Dialog zwischen Jurisprudenz und Literatur: Richterliche Unabhängigkeit und Rechtsabbildung in E. T. A. Hoffmanns “Das Fräulein von Scuderi”. D/Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlags-Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-7890-3428-2.
• Ménardeau, Gabrielle “Wittkop-” (1966). E. T. A. Hoffmann: Mit Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten. 12th printing. Rowohlts Monografien, no. 113. D/Reinbek (Hamburg): Rowohlt, 1992. ISBN 3-499-50113-9.
• Milovanovic, Marko (2005). “‘Die Muse entsteigt einem Fass’: Was E. T. A. H. tatsächlich in Berliner Kneipen trieb”. Pg. 17ff. Kritische Ausgabe, vol. 1. ISSN 1617-1357.
• Orosz, Magdolna (2001). Identität, Differenz, Ambivalenz: Erzählstrukturen und Erzählstrategien bei E. T. A. Hoffmann. Budapester Studien zur LIteraturwissenschaft, no. 1. D/Frankfurt (Main): Lang. ISBN 3-631-38248-0.
• Ringel, Stefan (1997). Realität und Einbildungskraft im Werk E. T. A. Hoffmanns. D/Köln [‘Cologne’]: Böhlau. ISBN 3-412-04697-3.
• Safranski, Rüdiger (2000). E. T. A. Hoffmann: Das Leben eines skeptischen Phantasten. Fischer-Taschenbücher, no. 14301. D/Frankfurt (Main): Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag. ISBN 3-596-14301-2.
• Schaukal, Richard von (1923). E. T. A. Hoffmann: Sein Werk aus seinem Leben. CH/Zürich, D/Leipzig, and A/Wien: Amalthea-Verlag.
• Schmidt, Dirk (1996). Der Einfluß E. T. A. Hoffmanns auf das Schaffen Edgar Allan Poes. Edition Wissenschaft, Reihe vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft, no. 2. D/Marburg: Tectum-Verlag. 1996. ISBN 3-89608-592-1.
• Schmidt, Olaf (2003). “Callots fantastisch karikierte Blätter”: Intermediale Inszenierungen und romantische Kunsttheorie im Werk E. T. A. Hoffmanns. Philologische Studien und Quellen, no. 181. D/Berlin: Schmidt. ISBN 3-503-06182-7.
• Segebrecht, Wulf (1996). Heterogenität und Integration: Studien zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung E. T. A. Hoffmanns. Helicon, no. 20. D/Frankfurt (Main): Lang. ISBN 3-631-47202-1.
• Steinecke, Hartmut (1997). E. T. A. Hoffmann. Universal-Bibliothek, no. 17605. D/Stuttgart: Reclam. ISBN 3-15-017605-0.
• ———— (2004). Die Kunst der Fantasie: E. T. A. Hoffmanns Leben und Werk. D/Frankfurt (Main): Insel-Verlag. ISBN 3-458-17202-5.
• Triebel, Odila (2003). Staatsgespenster: Fiktionen des Politischen bei E. T. A. Hoffmann. Literatur und Leben, new ser. , no. 60. D/Köln [‘Cologne’]: Böhlau. ISBN 3-412-07802-6.
• Weinholz, Gerhard (1991). E. T. A. Hoffmann: Dichter, Psychologe, Jurist. Literaturwissenschaft in der Blauen Eule, no. 9. D/Essen: Verlag Die Blaue Eule. ISBN 3-89206-431-8.
• Woodgate, Kenneth B. (1999). Das Phantastische bei E. T. A. Hoffmann. Helicon, no. 25. D/Frankfurt (Main): Lang. ISBN 3-631-34453-8.

External links

• Works by E.T.A. Hoffmann at Project Gutenberg
• Hoffman's Review of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony
• A translation of Klein Zaches genannt Zinnober and an essay on translating Hoffmann into English
• Choral works at Choral Public Domain Library
• E. T. A. Hoffmann Gesellschaft Bamberg (in German)
• Das E.T.A.-Hoffmann-Archiv der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (archive, in German)