E-2 Hawkeye
A US Navy E-2C Hawkeye flies over NAS Point Mugu, California, during a training exercise. Naval Air Station Point Mugu or NAS Point Mugu is an Airbase located in Point Mugu, Ventura County, California, United
Type	Airborne Early Warning and Control
Manufacturer	Grumman Northrop Grumman
Maiden flight	1960
Introduced	January 1964
Primary users	United States Navy French Navy Israeli Air Force Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Unit cost	US$80 million
Variants	C-2 Greyhound

The Grumman E-2 Hawkeye is an American all-weather, aircraft carrier-based tactical Airborne Early Warning (AEW) aircraft. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading 20th century U Northrop Grumman Corporation ( is an Aerospace and defense technology company formed by the 1994 purchase of Grumman by Northrop. The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord For the year see 1964 This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1964: Events January January The French Navy, officially the Marine nationale ( National Navy) and often called La Royale ( The Royal Navy) is the maritime arm The Israeli Air Force ( IAF; Hebrew: זרוע האויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm" commonly known as חיל The, or JASDF, is the Aviation branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces responsible for the defense of Japanese Airspace and other aerospace WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with The twin turboprop aircraft was designed and developed in the 1950s by Grumman for the United States Navy as a replacement for the E-1 Tracer. The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading 20th century U WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The aircraft has been progressively updated with the latest variant, the E-2D, first flying in 2007.

The aircraft was nicknamed "Super Fudd"^[1] because it replaced "Willy Fudd", (the E-1 Tracer). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In the present day, it is most commonly nicknamed the "Hummer" due to the distinctive sound of its twin turboprop engines.

Design and development

In United States service, the Hawkeye provides all-weather airborne early warning and command and control functions for the carrier battle group. Command and control can be defined as the exercise of Authority and Direction by a properly designated Commander over assigned and attached Forces A carrier battle group (CVBG consists of an Aircraft carrier (CV and its escorts Additional missions include surface surveillance coordination, strike and interceptor control, search and rescue guidance and communications relay. Surveillance is the monitoring of Behavior. Systems surveillance is the process of monitoring the behavior of people objects or processes within systems for conformity An integral component of the carrier air wing, the E-2C uses computerized sensors to provide early warning, threat analysis and control of counteraction against air and surface targets. A Carrier Air Wing (formerly called a Carrier Air Group and abbreviated as CVW is a naval aviation organization composed of Squadrons and detachments It is a high-wing aircraft with stacked antennae elements contained in a 24-foot (7. An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into 3 m) rotating dome above the fuselage.

The continuous improvements in early airborne radars by 1956 led to the concept of an airborne early warning and command and control aircraft. The first aircraft to perform this mission was the Grumman E-1 Tracer (a variant of the S-2 Tracker anti-submarine aircraft), which saw service from 1954 to the 1970s. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Grumman S-2 Tracker (previously S2F) was the first purpose-built single airframe Anti-submarine warfare (ASW Aircraft to enter service The E-1's successor, the E-2 Hawkeye, was the first carrier-based aircraft designed from the outset for the all-weather airborne early warning and command and control function.

Ripples appear along the fuselage of a US Navy E-2C due to loads from landing on the USS Harry S. Truman. Commissioning ceremony The keynote speaker of the commissioning ceremony was President Bill Clinton.

The original E-2C, known as the Group 0, became operational in 1973 and has been through several upgrade programs since then. The first of these was the E-2C Group I which replaced the older APS-125 radar and T56-A-425 engines with the improved APS-139 and T56-A-427. This version was soon followed by the further improved Group II which now featured the APS-145 radar. The Group II has been incrementally upgraded with new navigation systems, displays and computers culminating in the E-2C Hawkeye 2000 variant (sometimes referred to as Group III, although the term is no longer used as an official designation). Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. The Hawkeye 2000 features the APS-145 radar with a new mission computer and CIC (Combat Information Center) workstations (Advanced Control Indicator Set or ACIS), and carries the U. A Combat Information Center ( CIC) or Action Information Center ( AIC) is the tactical center of a Warship, manned and equipped S. Navy’s new CEC (cooperative engagement capability) data-link system. In Telecommunication a data link is the means of connecting one location to another for the purpose of transmitting and receiving digital information It is also fitted with a larger capacity vapor cycle avionics cooling system. A variant of the Group II with the upgrades to the mission computer and CIC workstations is referred to as the MCU/ACIS. All Group II aircraft have had their 1960s vintage computer-processors replaced by a mission computer with the same functionality but built using more modern computer technology. This is referred to as the GrIIM RePr (Group II Mission Computer Replacement Program, pronounced "grim reaper"). In 2007 and 2008 a hardware and software upgrade package is being added to Hawkeye 2000 aircraft that allows faster processing, double current trackfile capacity, and access to satellite information networks. Hawkeye 2000 cockpits are also being upgraded to include solid-state glass displays, upgraded weather detection systems, and GPS-approach capability. Testing for in-flight refueling modifications is also being conducted.

E-2D Advanced Hawkeye

E-2A of VAW-11 landing in 1966 on the USS Coral Sea

A VAW-113 E-2B after landing on the USS Coral Sea in 1979

A U. S. Navy E-2C Hawkeye launches from USS John C. Stennis. Mission and capabilities The mission of Stennis and her embarked Air Wing ( CVW-9) is to conduct sustained combat air operations while forward deployed in the

Hawkeye interior

A US Navy E-2C of VAW-117 approaches to land on the flight deck of John C. Stennis, clearly showing the new eight-bladed propellers being installed on all U. S. Navy E-2Cs

The latest version of the E-2, the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye, is currently under development and the first two aircraft, "Delta One" and "Delta Two" are in flight testing. The E-2D features an entirely new avionics suite, including the new APY-9 radar, radio suite, mission computer, integrated satellite communications capability, flight management system, improved engines, a new "glass" cockpit and the ability to refuel in-flight. The APY-9 features an Active Electronically Scanned Array (electronically steered) radar in its rotodome. An Electronically Scanned Array (AESA also known as active Phased array Radar is a type of Radar whose Transmitter and The E-2D will include provisions for either pilot to act as a Tactical 4th Operator, and have access to the full range of mission functions available to the CIC crew. First flight was 3 August 2007, with Initial Operational Capability (IOC) expected in 2011. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[2]

Operational history

Since replacing the E-1 in 1964, the Hawkeye has been the "eyes of the fleet. " Since its combat debut during the Vietnam conflict, the E-2 has served the US Navy around the world. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Hawkeyes (from VAW-123 "Screwtops" aboard the USS America) directed F-14 fighters flying combat air patrol during Operation El Dorado Canyon, the two-carrier battle group joint strike against terrorist-related Libyan targets in 1986. The United States bombing of Libya (code-named Operation El Dorado Canyon) comprised the joint United States Air Force, Navy and Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab More recently, E-2Cs provided the command and control for successful operations during the Persian Gulf War, directing both land attack and combat air patrol missions over Iraq and providing control for the shoot-down of two Iraqi MiG-21 aircraft by carrier-based F/A-18s in the early days of the war. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout E-2 aircraft also have worked extremely effectively with US law enforcement agencies in drug interdictions.

During Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom all 10 Hawkeye squadrons flew overland sorties. Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF is the official name used by the U The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign They provided critical battle management for attack of enemy ground targets, close-air-support coordination, combat search and rescue control, airspace management, as well as datalink and communication relay for both land and naval forces. During Hurricane Katrina three Hawkeye squadrons were deployed in support of urban relief efforts including Air Traffic Control responsibilities spanning three states, and control of Coast Guard and National Guard helicopter rescue units. Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States Air traffic control ( ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct Aircraft on the ground and in the air A coast guard is a national organization responsible for various services at sea For the National Guard of a State and other countries' National Guard see National Guard.

Hawkeye 2000s first deployed in 2003 aboard Nimitz with VAW-117 "Wallbangers" and CVW-11. The U. S. Navy Hawkeyes have now been upgraded with eight bladed props as part of the NP2000 program; the first squadron to cruise with the new propellers was VAW-124 "Bear Aces". The latest version can track more than 2,000 targets simultaneously (while at the same time, detecting 20,000 simultaneously) to a range greater than 400 miles (650 km) and simultaneously guide 40–100 air to air intercepts or air to surface engagements. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand

In late 2006, the US announced that it intended to sell three P-3C Orions equipped with the E-2C Hawkeye 2000 system to the Pakistan Navy. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout These aircraft will provide Pakistan with search surveillance, and control capability in support of maritime interdiction operations. ^[3] Though once considered being replaced by Common Support Aircraft, the original plan failed to materialize, and E-2 will continue its role as the primary AEW aircraft in USN in the near future. The Common Support Aircraft ( CSA) is a proposed concept which has been considered by the United States Navy since at least the early 1990s to replace a number of

Variants

W2F-1 

Original designation of the Hawkeye, changed to E-2A in 1962.

E-2A 

Initial production version, was W2F-1 before 1962.

TE-2A 

Two E-2As converted as crew trainers.

YC-2A 

Two E-2As converted as prototypes of the C-2 Greyhound

E-2B 

As E-2A but fitted with improved computing, enlarged outer fins and provision for inflight refueling. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Conversions from E-2A.

YE-2C 

Two E-2As converted as E-2C prototypes.

E-2C 

As the E-2B but with all new electronics, surveillance radar and search radar, 63 built. In "plus-models" the E-2C also has an upgraded power-plant.

E-2C Hawkeye 2000 

It is a new upgrade version of E-2C.

E-2D 

Currently under development. It will feature an entirely new avionics suite, improved engines, a new "glass cockpit" and the ability to refuel in-flight. Initial Operational Capability (IOC) is expected in 2011.

E-2K 

It is the same as E-2C Hawkeye 2000. Republic of China (Taiwan) named it E-2K. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

E-2T 

E-2C variant for Republic of China (Taiwan). REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

Operators

French Navy Hawkeye onboard the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle. Development Construction The carrier replaced ''Foch'', a conventionally-powered aircraft carrier in 2001

 Republic of China (Taiwan)

• Republic of China Air Force operate 4 E-2T and 2 E-2K. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Republic of China Air Force Personnel53000 ^[4]
  • 78 Squadron

 Egypt

• Egyptian Air Force operates 6 planes, conversion to E-2 Hawkeye 2000 standard in progress, due to completion by end of 2008

 France

• Aviation Navale is the only operator other than the US Navy to employ Hawkeyes on board aircraft carriers. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Egyptian Air Force, or EAF (القوات الجوية المصرية) is the aviation branch of the Egyptian armed forces. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Aviation navale ( Naval aviation) of the French Navy includes 162 airplanes (138 of them combat-capable and 6800 men both civilians and military personnel
  • 4 Flotille operates 3 E-2C, and is seeking a fourth

 Israel

• Israeli Air Force operated four aircraft until 1994. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Israeli Air Force ( IAF; Hebrew: זרוע האויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm" commonly known as חיל It was the first to install in-flight refuelling equipment. Three of four Israeli Hawkeyes were sold to Mexico in 2002 after an upgrade package installation, one was handed over to the Israel Air Force Museum.
  • 192 Squadron

 Japan

• Japan Air Self-Defense Force
  • 601 Hikotai operates 13 E-2C

 Mexico

• Mexican Navy received three E-2C from Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The, or JASDF, is the Aviation branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces responsible for the defense of Japanese Airspace and other aerospace The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Mexican Navy ( Armada de México or SEMAR) is a branch of the Mexican Military responsible for conducting naval operations

 Singapore

• Republic of Singapore Air Force
  • 111 Squadron operates 4 E-2c

 United States

• United States Navy
  • VAW-77 Night Wolfs
  • VAW-78 Fighting Escargot (Defunct)
  • VAW-88 Cottonpickers (Defunct)
  • VAW-110 Firebirds (Defunct)
  • VAW-111 Graybirds (Defunct)
  • VAW-112 Golden Hawks
  • VAW-113 Black Eagles
  • VAW-114 Hormel Hawgs (Defunct)
  • VAW-115 Liberty Bells
  • VAW-116 Sun Kings
  • VAW-117 Wallbangers
  • VAW-120 Greyhawks
  • VAW-121 Bluetails
  • VAW-122 Steeljaws (Defunct)
  • VAW-123 Screwtops
  • VAW-124 Bear Aces
  • VAW-125 Tigertails
  • VAW-126 Seahawks
  • VAW-127 Seabats (Defunct)

• United States Coast Guard
  • CGAW-1^[5] (Defunct)

Specifications (E-2C)

General characteristics

• Crew: 5 (2 pilots, 3 naval flight officers - combat information center officer, air control officer, radar operator)
• Length: 57 ft 7 in (17. Singapore The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Nightwolves of Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 77 (VAW-77 based at Naval Air Station Atlanta, comprise the U VAW-113, known as the "Black Eagles" was commissioned as a squadron on April 29, 1967. VAW-116 is a US Navy Command and Control Squadron that deploys aboard USS ''Abraham Lincoln'' as part of Carrier Air Wing Two. The Carrier Airborne Command and Control Squadron One One Seven (VAW-117 are a United States Navy Airborne early warning (AEW squadron VAW-121 is a carrier-based airborne early warning squadron operating the E-2C Hawkeye. VAW-122 (aka ' STEELJAWS') was an East Coast VAW squadron ( Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron that was stood up on 1 April 1967 and dis-established Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 123 (VAW-123 also known as the World Famous "Screwtops" is a United States Navy Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron based VAW-125, known as the “ Torch Bearers ” or “ Tigertails,” was commissioned on October 1 1968 at Naval Air Station Norfolk. VAW-127 (aka "Seabats" was an East Coast carrier-based airborne early warning squadron assigned to Carrier Air Wing THIRTEEN (CVW-13 and embarked on the USS 56 m)
• Wingspan: 80 ft 7 in (24. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 58 m)
• Height: 18 ft 4 in (5. 58 m)
• Wing area: 700 ft² (65 m²)
• Empty weight: 37,678 lb (17,090 kg)
• Loaded weight: 55,000 lb (23,391 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 55,000 lb (23,391 kg)
• Powerplant: 2× Allison T56-A-425 or -427 turboprop, 5100 shp (-427) (3,800 kW) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 375 mph (604 km/h)
• Range: 1,605 mi (2,583 km)
• Service ceiling 30,800 ft (9,390 m)
• Rate of climb: 2,515 ft/min (13 m/s)
• Wing loading: 72. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A turboprop engine is a type of aircraft powerplant that uses a Gas turbine engine to drive a Propeller. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing 7 lb/ft² (355 kg/m²)
• Power/mass: 0. Power-to-weight ratio (specific power is a calculation commonly applied to Engines and other mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another 19 hp/lb (0. 32 kW/kg)

See also

Related development

• E-1 Tracer
• C-2 Greyhound
  

Comparable aircraft

• Fairey Gannet
• Yakovlev Yak-44
• E-3 Sentry
• Airawat
  

References

Notes

Bibliography

Neubeck, Ken "E-2 Hawkeye Walk Around", Squadron/Signal Publications, 2008, ISBN 0-89747-555-0.

External links

• E-2 fact file and E-2C Hawkeye history page on US Navy site
• E-2 page on GlobalSecurity.org
• "Advanced Hawkeye promises quantum leap in US Navy's AEW capability", Jane's, 30 June 2006
• "Northrop Grumman E-2D Advanced Hawkeye Completes First Flight", Northrop Grumman, 3 August 2007
• Marine nationale - Hawkeye on Alabordache.fr (French)
• Gallery of photographs of the French E-2C Hawkeye on NetMarine.net (French)