Dzongkha |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Bhutan | |||
| Total speakers: | First language: 130,000 Second language ~470,000 |
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| Language family: | Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Himalayish Tibeto-Kanauri Tibetic Tibetan Southern Dzongkha |
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| Official status | ||||
| Official language in: | Bhutan | |||
| Regulated by: | no official regulation | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1: | dz | |||
| ISO 639-2: | dzo | |||
| ISO 639-3: | dzo | |||
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Dzongkha (རྫོང་ཁ་ Wylie: rdzong-kha) (Jong-kă) is the national language of Bhutan. The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. The word "dzongkha" means the language (kha, jong) spoken in the dzong (jong), dzong being the fortress-like monasteries established throughout Bhutan by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel in the 17th century. Dzong architecture (from Tibetan རྫོང་ Wylie rDzong) is a distinctive type of fortress architecture found in the former and present Shabdrung (also Zhabdrung;) which literaly means "before the feet of" was a title used when refering to or addressing great lamas in Tibet particularly those who
Dzongkha bears a linguistic relationship to modern Tibetan. Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas Although the spoken varieties are largely mutually unintelligible, they share a common literary language, as well as a liturgical (clerical) Tibetan language (Chöke ) which has been used for centuries by Buddhist monks. A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions Chöke was used as the language of education until the early 1960s when it was replaced by Dzongkha in public schools.
Dzongkha and its dialects are the native tongue of eight western districts of Bhutan (viz. Phodrang, Punakha, Thimphu, Gasa, Paro, Ha, Dhakana, and Chukha). Wangdue Phodrang ( Dzongkha: dz དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག་ Punakha (སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ is the administrative center of Punakha dzongkhag, one of the 20 districts of Bhutan. Thimphu ( is the Capital of Bhutan, and also the name of the surrounding valley and Dzongkhag This page is about the area Haa For information about the airships please see High-altitude airship. Dagana དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག་(also spelled Dhakana, previously known as Daga) is one of the 20 Dzongkhag (districts comprising Chukha, previously Chhukha, ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་ is one of the 20 Dzongkhag (districts comprising Bhutan. There are also some speakers found near the Indian town of Kalimpong, once part of Bhutan but now in West Bengal. Kalimpong (कालिम्पोङ is a Hill station (a hill town nestled in the Shiwalik Hills (or Lower Himalaya in the Indian state of West West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Dzongkha study is mandatory in all schools in Bhutan, and the language is the lingua franca in the districts to the south and east where it is not the mother tongue. A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely
Linguistically, Dzongkha is a South Bodish language belonging to the proposed Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan group. The Tibeto-Burman family of languages (often considered a sub-group of the Sino-Tibetan Language family) is spoken in various central and south Asian countries including The Sino-Tibetan languages form a Language family composed of at least the Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages, including some 250 languages of It is closely related to Sikkimese (Wylie: 'Bras-ljongs-skad), the national language of the erstwhile kingdom of Sikkim; and to some other Bhutanese languages such as Cho-cha-na-ca (khyod ca nga ca kha), Brokpa (me rag sag steng 'brog skad), Brokkat (dur gyi 'brog skad), and Laka (la ka). Sikkimese (also known as Bhutia) is a sublanguage of South Tibetan (Bhutanese-Sikkimese Lhoke language. The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India Modern Tibetan is a Central Bodish language and thus belongs to a different sub-branch. Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas
Dzongkha is usually written in Bhutanese forms of the Tibetan script known as Joyi (mgyogs yig) and Joshum (mgyogs tshugs ma). The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language Dzongkha books are typically printed using the Ucan fonts developed to print the Tibetan syllabary. Uchen (utɕɛ̃ variant spellings include ucen, u-cen, u-chen, ucan, u-can, uchan, u-chan, and ucän A syllabary is a set of written symbols that represent (or approximate Syllables which make up Words A symbol in a syllabary typically represents an optional
Dzongkha is rarely heard outside Bhutan and environs. However, the 2003 Bhutanese film, Travellers and Magicians is entirely in Dzongkha. Travellers and Magicians (ཆང་ཧུབ་ཐེངས་གཅིག་གི་འཁྲུལ་སྣང is a 2003 Bhutanese Dzongkha
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Microsoft
In October 2005, an internal Microsoft proposal blocked the term "Dzongkha" from all company software and promotional material, substituting the term "Tibetan - Bhutan" instead. PortalCurrent events News collections and sources See WikipediaNews collections and sources. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer This was done at the request of the mainland Chinese government, who insisted the name "Dzongkha" implied an affiliation with the Dalai Lama, and hence, with Tibetan independentism. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. [1][2] The Bhutanese, who have never been under the rule of the Dalai Lamas, even if they revere the 14th Dalai Lama,[3] were dismayed by the decision. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (born Lhamo Döndrub ( 6 July 1935 in Qinghai) He is the head of the Tibetan government-in-exile [4] Linguists have pointed out that the word "Dzongkha" has no particular association with the Dalai Lama. [1]
References
- ^ a b Microsoft Outlaws Dzongkha
- ^ Microsoft Sensitive to Chinese Pressure on Bhutan Tibet Link
- ^ 30,000 Bhutanese on pilgrimage in India
- ^ Old story, new lessons
Bibliography
- van Driem, George L, with the collaboration of Karma Tshering of Gaselô (1998). Dzongkha. Leiden: Research School CNWS, School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies. ISBN 90-5789-002-X. (CNWS publications Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, 1566-1970 ; vol. 1) - A language textbook with three audio compact disks.
- Dzongkha Development Commission (1999). The New Dzongkha Grammar (rdzong kha'i brda gzhung gsar pa). Thimphu: Dzongkha Development Commission.
- Dzongkha Development Commission (1990). Dzongkha Rabsel Lamzang (rdzong kha rab gsal lam bzang). Thimphu: Dzongkha Development Commission.
- Dzongkha Development Authority (2005). English-Dzongkha Dictionary (ཨིང་ལིཤ་རྫོང་ཁ་ཤན་སྦྱར་ཚིག་མཛོད།). Thimphu: Dzongkha Development Authority, Ministry of Education. ISBN 99966335.
See also
- Wikiquote:Bhutanese proverbs for a list of proverbs given in both romanized Dzongkha and English. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States
External links
- Dzongkha Development Authority Thimphu, Bhutan
- Languages on the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas - Nicolas Tournadre
- Ethnologue entry on Dzongkha
- Podcast to learn conversational Dzongkha - Shankar
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