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Dysphagia should not be confused with the similarly pronounced dysphasia, a language disorder. Dysphasia should not be confused with the similarly pronounced Dysphagia, which is a difficulty swallowing
Symptom/Sign: Dysphagia
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R13.
ICD-9 787.2
DiseasesDB 17942
MedlinePlus 003115
eMedicine pmr/194 
MeSH D003680

Dysphagia is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing. A symptom' (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident misfortune that which befalls" from συμπίπτω, "I befall" from A Sign is an indication of some fact or quality and a medical sign is an objective indication of some medical fact or quality that is detected by a Physician The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings R00-R69 - Symptoms and Signs (R00-R09 Circulatory and Respiratory systems ( Abnormalities of Heart beat The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. MedlinePlus, with the MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, is a website network containing Health information from the world's largest medical Library eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely two medical doctors Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books [1][2][3][4] Although classified under "symptoms and signs" in ICD-10,[5] the term is sometimes used as a condition in its own right. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings [6][7][8] Sufferers are sometimes unaware of their dysphagia. [9][10]

It derives from the Greek root dys meaning difficulty or disordered, and phagia meaning "to eat". It is a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach. The mouth, buccal cavity, or oral cavity is the first portion of the Alimentary canal that receives food and begins digestion by mechanically breaking up In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following [11] Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing,[12] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. Odynophagia is Painful Swallowing, in the mouth ( Oropharynx) or Esophagus. Globus pharyngis (also known as globus sensation, globus or somewhat outdatedly globus hystericus; commonly referred to as having a " lump in A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia. Phagophobia is a psychogenic Dysphagia, a fear of Swallowing.

It is also worthwhile to refer to the physiology of swallowing in understanding dysphagia. Swallowing, known scientifically as deglutition is the process in the human or animal body that makes something pass from the Mouth, to the Pharynx, into

Contents

Epidemiology

Swallowing disorders can occur in all age groups, resulting from congenital abnormalities, structural damage, and/or medical conditions. [13] Swallowing problems are a common complaint among older individuals, and the incidence of dysphagia is higher in the elderly,[14] in patients who have had strokes,[15] and in patients who are admitted to acute care hospitals or chronic care facilities. In general use a complaint is an expression of displeasure such as poor service at a store or from a Local government, etc Incidence is a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time Old age consists of ages nearing or surpassing the Average life span of Human beings and thus the end of the human life cycle. A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for Chronic care refers to medical care which addresses preexisting or long term illness as opposed to acute care which is concerned with short term or severe illness of brief duration Other causes of dysphagia include head and neck cancer and progressive neurologic diseases like Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Shy-Drager syndrome, or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The term head and neck cancer refers to a group of biologically similar cancers originating from the upper aerodigestive tract including the Lip, Oral cavity ( Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune condition in which the Shy-Drager syndrome is a rare progressively Degenerative disease of the Autonomic nervous system. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS, sometimes called Maladie de Charcot, or in the United States Lou Gehrig's Disease) is a progressive Dysphagia is a symptom of many different causes, which can usually be elicited by a careful history by the treating physician. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health [16] Some patients with swallowing disorders do not have dysphagia, so lack of the symptom does not exclude an underlying disease. [13] Like breathing, which is normally accomplished without any forethought, swallowing can become awkward merely through focusing too intently on the process (see anxiety). Anxiety is a physiological and psychological state characterized by Cognitive, Somatic, Emotional and Behavioral components

Dysphagia is classified into two major types: oropharyngeal dysphagia (or transfer dysphagia) and esophageal dysphagia. Oropharyngeal dysphagia arises from abnormalities of muscles nervers or structures of the oral cavity pharynx and upper esophageal spincter Esophageal dysphagia arises from the body of the esophagus lower esophageal sphincter or cardia of the stomach [17] In some patients, no organic cause for dysphagia can be found, and these patients are defined as having functional dysphagia.

Each year, approximately ten million Americans are evaluated for swallowing disorders. [18]

See also

References

  1. ^ eMedicine/Stedman Medical Dictionary Lookup!. Achalasia, also known as esophageal achalasia, achalasia cardiae, cardiospasm, dyssynergia esophagus, and esophageal aperistalsis Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( American English and Canadian English) or Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( British English, Hiberno-English Neurodegenerative Disease ( Greek νέυρο- néuro-, "nerval" and Latin dēgenerāre, "to decline" or "to Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's Alzheimer's disease ( AD) also called Alzheimer disease or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of Dementia. Huntington's disease, also called Huntington's chorea, chorea major, or HD, is a genetic neurological disorder characterized after Presbyphagia vs Dysphagia Although age-related changes place older adults at risk swallowing disorders Pseudodysphagia (fear of Choking) is the irrational fear of Swallowing or choking Speech-language pathology is the study of disorders that affect a person's Speech, Language, cognition voice swallowing ( Dysphagia) and the rehabilitative A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain Swallowing, known scientifically as deglutition is the process in the human or animal body that makes something pass from the Mouth, to the Pharynx, into Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
  2. ^ Smithard DG, Smeeton NC, Wolfe CD (2007). "Long-term outcome after stroke: does dysphagia matter?". Age Ageing 36 (1): 90–4. doi:10.1093/ageing/afl149. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 17172601.  
  3. ^ Brady A (2008). "Managing the patient with dysphagia". Home Healthc Nurse 26 (1): 41–6; quiz 47–8. doi:10.1097/01.NHH.0000305554.40220.6d. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 18158492.  
  4. ^ d_32/12318164 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  5. ^ ICD-10:. Dorland's is the brand name of a family of medical reference works (including dictionaries, spellers word books and spell-check software) in various media (including Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
  6. ^ Boczko F (2006). "Patients' awareness of symptoms of dysphagia". J Am Med Dir Assoc 7 (9): 587–90. Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2006.08.002. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 17095424.  
  7. ^ Dysphagia at University of Virginia. The University of Virginia (also called UVa, UVA, Mr Jefferson's University, or The University) is a highly selective public research Retrieved on 2008-02-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the
  8. ^ Swallowing Disorders - Symptoms of Dysphagia at New York University School of Medicine. The New York University School of Medicine is one of the Graduate schools of New York University. Retrieved on 2008-02-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the
  9. ^ Parker C, Power M, Hamdy S, Bowen A, Tyrrell P, Thompson DG (2004). "Awareness of dysphagia by patients following stroke predicts swallowing performance". Dysphagia 19 (1): 28–35. doi:10.1007/s00455-003-0032-8. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 14745643.  
  10. ^ Rosenvinge SK, Starke ID (2005). "Improving care for patients with dysphagia". Age Ageing 34 (6): 587–93. doi:10.1093/ageing/afi187. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16267184.  
  11. ^ Sleisenger, Marvin H. ; Feldman, Mark; Friedman, Lawrence M. (2002). Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease, 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company, Chapter 6, p. 63. ISBN 0721600107.  
  12. ^ Dysphagia at University of Texas Medical Branch. The University of Texas Medical Branch ( UTMB) is a component of the University of Texas System located in Galveston Texas, about 50 miles (80 km Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
  13. ^ a b Logemann, Jeri A. (1998). Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders. Austin, Tex: Pro-Ed. ISBN 0-89079-728-5.  
  14. ^ Shamburek RD, Farrar JT (1990). "Disorders of the digestive system in the elderly". N. Engl. J. Med. 322 (7): 438–43. The New England Journal of Medicine ( N Engl J Med or NEJM) is an English-language Peer-reviewed Medical journal published PMID 2405269.  
  15. ^ Martino R, Foley N, Bhogal S, Diamant N, Speechley M, Teasell R (2005). "Dysphagia after stroke: incidence, diagnosis, and pulmonary complications". Stroke 36 (12): 2756–63. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000190056.76543.eb. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16269630.  
  16. ^ Ingelfinger FJ, Kramer P, Soutter L, Schatzki R (1959). "Panel discussion on diseases of the esophagus". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 31 (2): 117–31. PMID 13617241.  
  17. ^ Evaluating Dysphagia - June 15, 2000 - American Academy of Family Physicians. Retrieved on 2008-02-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the
  18. ^ eMedicine - Swallowing Disorders : Article by Segun T Dawodu. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable

External links

The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

Dictionary

dysphagia

-noun

  1. difficulty in swallowing
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