Low Saxon in The Netherlands

This article is a part of the Dutch dialects series. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname
Languages of the Netherlands‎ Dutch dialects Low Franconian Brabantian Hollandic Zeelandic West Flemish French Flemish East Flemish South Guelderish Limburgish Meuse-Rhenish Low Rhenish Low Franconian/Ripuarian Southern Meuse-Rhenish Low Dietsch Low Saxon Dutch Low Saxon
view • talk • edit

Dutch Low Saxon (Dutch Low Saxon: Nedersaksisch) is a dialect group that is spoken in the northeastern Netherlands. Minority languages regional languages and dialects in the Benelux Frisian dialects Westlauwers Frisian Wood Frisian Dutch dialects are primarily dialects that are cognate with the Dutch language and are spoken in the same language area as the Dutch standard language Standardization The first attempts on standardizing the Dutch language in the 1540s were based on the Brabantian dialect specifically that of Antwerp and its surroundings Hollandic or Hollandish (Hollands is together with Brabantian, the most frequently used dialect of the Dutch language. Zeelandic ( Zeêuws in Zeelandic Zeeuws in Dutch is a Regional language spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the West Flemish (West Flemish Vlaemsch/Vlaams, Dutch: West-Vlaams, French: Flamand occidental) is a group of Dutch dialects spoken in French Flemish ( Dutch: Frans-Vlaams, occasionally used in English is spoken in the north of contemporary France and is considered part of the West Flemish Brabantic Expansion The French, Austrians and Spaniards have had influence on the vocabulary of East Flemish South Guelderish (D Zuid-Gelders) or (G Kleverländisch (E Kleverlandish, from Land of Cleves) is a dialect of the Limburgish, or Limburgian or Limburgic ( Dutch: Limburgs, German: Limburgisch, French: Limbourgeois Meuse-Rhenish is a modern superordinating term in the geography of the southeastern Low Franconian dialects spoken in the greater Meuse - Rhine area Low Rhenish (Nieder-Rheinisch is the collective name for the regional Low Franconian language varieties spoken along the Lower Rhine in the west of Germany Low Dietsch (Platdiets Platduutsj Thiois or fr ''Platdutch'' not to be confused with the generic term Plattdüütsch) is a term mainly used within the Flemish terminology Dutch Low Saxon (Dutch Low Saxon Nedersaksisch) is a group of Low Saxon ( i The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Roughly, the southwestern part speaks a Low Franconian language. Low Franconian, or Low Frankish, is a group of several West Germanic Languages spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium ( The classification of Dutch Low Saxon is not unanimous. From a diachronic point of view, it is classified as a Low German variety. Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts This classification is reflected in the name Dutch Low Saxon, Low Saxon (Nedersaksisch) being a synonym of Low German (Nederduits) that is more commonly used in the Netherlands. From a strictly synchronic point of view, however, some linguists classify it as a variety of Dutch. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname ^[1] Some forms of Dutch Low Saxon show features of Westphalian, a West Low German dialect spoken in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

Dialects

Key: K - Kollumerlands GN - Gronings and North-Drents S - Stellingwerfs MD - Middle-Drents SD - South-Drents T - Twents TG - Twents-Graafschaps GO - Gelders-Overijssels (Achterhoeks) and Urks V - Veluws

Dutch Low Saxon comprises the following forms (any of which are considered separate languages in ISO 639-3/DIS):

• Westerkwartiers
  • Kollumerpompsters
  • Kollumerlands
  • Middaglands
  • Midden-Westerkwartiers
  • Zuid-Westerkwartiers
• Gronings and Noord-Drents
  • Hogelandsters
  • Stadsgronings
  • Westerwolds
  • Veenkoloniaals
  • Oldambtsters
• Stellingwerfs
• Midden-Drents
• Zuid-Drents
• Twents
• Twents-Graafschaps
• Gelders-Overijssels
  • Achterhoeks
  • Sallands
  • Urkers
• Veluws
  • Oost-Veluws
  • West-Veluws

Most varieties belong to the West Low Saxon group. List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three traditional branches of the Germanic family of Languages and include languages such as English Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Veluws is a Dutch Low Saxon dialect which is spoken on the Veluwe. West-Veluws is a West Low Saxon dialect from the Dutch province of Gelderland. Gronings is so different from the rest of the Dutch Low Saxon varieties that it should be treated separately. Twents and Achterhoeks belong to the Westphalian group of dialects. The remainder, Drents, Stellingwervish, Sallands, Urkers and Veluws, could be classified in their own subdivision, since they form the westermost group of Low Saxon dialects, considerably affected by Dutch. Urkers and West-Veluws are even so heavily Hollandified that some people classify these dialects as Low Franconian rather than Low Saxon. Low Franconian, or Low Frankish, is a group of several West Germanic Languages spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium (

Dutch influence

Spread of the contemporary Dutch and Low German dialects

A lot of these dialects have been affected by the Hollandic expansion of the seventeenth century. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Hollandic or Hollandish (Hollands is together with Brabantian, the most frequently used dialect of the Dutch language. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar All of them are lexically dependent on Dutch rather than German for neologisms. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. When written down, they use a Dutch-based orthography.

a unified plural in -en rather than -t

This is found in West-Veluws and Urkers and clearly ensued from Dutch influence, since a unified plural in -t for verbs is common in Low Saxon. These dialects have wiej warken instead of wiej warkt for "we work". This feature is, surprisingly, also found in Stellingwerfs and Gronings, but here this trait is believed to have Frisian rather than Hollandic origins (the Stellingwerven have been Frisian for centuries and Groningen was a Frisian speaking area in the Middle Ages). Modern Frisian has -e here, -en may be a kind of intermediate form between -t and -e. This unified plural takes the form

-et rather than -t in the Achterhoeks dialect of Winterswijk. Winterswijk is a Municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands.

several long vowel shifts

Veluws, Sallands, Stellingwervish and Drents have experienced mutation as the Hollandic dialect rose in prestige during the seventeenth century. The ee [e:] mutated into ie [i:], the oo [o:] into oe [u:] and the oe [u:] into uu [y:]. Twents and Eastern Achterhoeks, by contrast retained their old vowels. Compare these Twents and Sallands couples: deer - dier ("animal"); good - goed ("good"); hoes - huus ("house"). Surprisingly, in many dialects the oe sound was preserved in some words while it mutated towards uu in others. As a result, in Sallands "huis" (house) translates as huus but "muis" (mouse) as moes (as in Twents).

loss of the word du "thou"

Dutch has lost the word doe "thou" for long and replaced it by jij, originally a personal pronoun for the pluralic second person. In many Low Saxon dialects in the Netherlands, the very same happened. The doe/jij isogloss runs surprisingly close to the Dutch border, except in Groningen, where it enters the Dutch territory with a vengeance (in the entire province this word is known). Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. In Twente, it is present in the easternmost villages of Denekamp and Oldenzaal, in de Achterhoek (Gelderland), dou is present in Winterswijk and Groenlo . Twente (or Twenthe is a non-administrative region in the eastern Netherlands, probably named after the Tuihanti a tribe that settled in that region in the beginning of our Denekamp ( is a town in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is a part of the municipality of Dinkelland, and lies about 9 km northeast of Oldenzaal Oldenzaal is a Municipality and a town in the eastern of the Netherlands, near to the border with Germany. The Achterhoek is a region in the eastern part of the Netherlands. Gelderland ( English also Guelders) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country Winterswijk is a Municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. Groenlo is a City in the Municipality of Oost Gelre, situated in the Eastern part of the Netherlands on the German

References

1. ^ Hermann Niebaum/Jürgen Macha: Einführung in die Dialektologie des Deutschen, 2. , neubearbeitete Auflage, Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 2006, p. 221, footnote 7.