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Dune
1st edition cover
First edition cover
Author Frank Herbert
Cover artist John Schoenherr
Country United States
Language English
Series Dune series
Genre(s) Science Fiction Novel
Publisher Chilton Books
Publication date 1965
Media type Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages 412
ISBN NA
Followed by Dune Messiah

Dune is a science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert and published in 1965. Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr ( October 8 1920 &ndash February 11 1986) was a critically acclaimed and commercially successful American John Schoenherr is an American Illustrator who was born in New York City, July 5, 1935. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Dune universe, or Duniverse, is the political, scientific, and social fictional setting of author Frank Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Chilton Company (AKA Chilton Printing Co Chilton Publishing Co Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. A hardcover (or hardback or hardbound) is a Book bound with rigid protective covers (typically of cardboard covered with Cloth Paperback, softback, or softcover describe and refer to a Book by the nature of its binding. Dune Messiah is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, the second in a series of six novels Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr ( October 8 1920 &ndash February 11 1986) was a critically acclaimed and commercially successful American The year 1965 in literature involved some significant events and new books Winner of the 1966 Hugo Award and the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel, Dune is popularly considered one of the greatest science fiction novels of all time, is frequently cited as the best-selling science fiction novel in history,[1][2] and was the first bestselling hardcover science fiction novel ever. The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year Winners of the Nebula Award for Best Novel, awarded by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. [2] The novel won the Nebula Award and tied for the Hugo Award for best science fiction novel. The Nebula Award is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA for the best Science fiction / Fantasy fiction The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year [3]

Dune is set in the far future amidst a sprawling feudal interstellar empire where planetary fiefdoms are controlled by noble Houses that owe allegiance to the Imperial House Corrino. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing For the novel of the same name see Dune House Corrino. Imperial House Corrino is a Great House and the ruling family of the Imperium in the The novel tells the story of young Paul Atreides (heir apparent to Duke Leto Atreides and scion of House Atreides) as he and his family accept control of the desert planet Arrakis, the only source of the spice melange, the most important and valuable substance in the universe. Paul Orestes Atreides (10175-10217 AG is a Fictional character in the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert; he later takes the Fremen Duke Leto Atreides I (10140-10191 AG is a fictional character in the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. Kinship is a relationship between any entities that share a genealogical origin through either biological cultural or historical descent House Atreides is a fictional noble family from the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. In Science fiction, a desert planet is a one-climate Planet where the climate is Desert, with little or no natural precipitation. Arrakis is also an alternative name for the star Mu Draconis. Melange is the name of the Fictional drug (also known as spice) central to the Dune series of Science fiction Novels The story explores the complex and multilayered interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, as forces of the Empire confront each other for control of Arrakis and its spice. [4]

Dune engendered five sequels written by Herbert before his death in 1986: Dune Messiah, Children of Dune, God Emperor of Dune, Heretics of Dune and Chapterhouse Dune. A sequel is a work in Literature, Film, or other media that portrays events following those of a previous work Dune Messiah is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, the second in a series of six novels Children of Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, third in a series of six novels set in the ''Dune'' universe. God Emperor of Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert published in 1981, the fourth in the Dune series Heretics of Dune is a 1984 Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, fifth in a series of six novels Chapterhouse Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, last in his series of six Dune novels It also inspired a 1984 film adaptation by David Lynch, a 2000 Sci Fi Channel miniseries and its 2003 sequel, computer games, a board game and a series of prequels and sequels co-written by the author's son Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson starting in 1999. This article is about the 1984 film See Frank Herbert's Dune for the 2000 television adaptation David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Frank Herbert's Dune is a three-part Miniseries based on the 1965 novel Dune by Frank Herbert. Frank Herbert's Children of Dune is the 2003 Sequel to the 2000 Miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune produced by the United States A number of computer games based on Frank Herbert 's Science fiction novel Dune and its two adaptations for film Dune was also the title of a 1984 Parker Brothers board game This article is about the 1979 Avalon Hill game A prequel is a work that portrays events and/or aspects of a previously completed narrative but is set prior to the existing narrative Brian Patrick Herbert (born 1947 is a best selling American Author who lives in Washington state Kevin J Anderson (born March 27, 1962) is an American Science fiction Author. [5]

Contents

Origins

Florence, Oregon, with sand dunes that served as an inspiration for the Dune saga
Florence, Oregon, with sand dunes that served as an inspiration for the Dune saga

After the publication of The Dragon in the Sea in 1957, Herbert began the initial stages of planning his next novel. Florence is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. One tradition states the city was named for state senator A The Dragon in the Sea (1956 also known as Under Pressure from its serialization is a novel by Frank Herbert. He took a plane to Florence, Oregon, where the USDA was sponsoring a lengthy series of experiments in using poverty grasses to stabilize and slow down the damaging sand dunes, which could "swallow whole cities, lakes, rivers, highways. Florence is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. One tradition states the city was named for state senator A Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. In physical Geography, a dune is a Hill of Sand built by Aeolian processes. "[6] Herbert's article on the dunes, "They Stopped the Moving Sands," was never completed (and only published decades later in an incomplete form in The Road to Dune), but it sparked Herbert's interest in the general subject of ecology and related matters. The Road to Dune is a Science fiction companion book to the ''Dune'' novels by Frank Herbert, Brian Herbert and Kevin J Herbert spent the next five years continuing research and writing and rewriting[7] what would eventually become Dune,[8] later serialized in Analog magazine from 1963 to 1965 as two shorter works, Dune World and The Prophet of Dune. Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American Science fiction Magazine. Herbert dedicated the work "to the people whose labors go beyond ideas into the realm of 'real materials'—to the dry-land ecologists, wherever they may be, in whatever time they work, this effort at prediction is dedicated in humility and admiration. Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of " The serialized version was expanded and reworked, and ultimately rejected by twenty publishers before it was published. At least one editor realized the possible mistake: "I was unhappy to learn that Scribner's rejected Dune. The editor's comment that he may have been mistaken (in doing so)—let us hope that's prophetic. "[9]

Synopsis

Setting

Thousands of years in the future, the human race has scattered throughout the galaxy, populating multiple planets ruled by aristocratic Houses who themselves answer to the galaxy's ruler, Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV. The Padishah Emperor was the title of the hereditary rulers of the known universe in Frank Herbert 's fictional ''Dune'' universe. Shaddam Corrino IV is a character in the fictional ''Dune'' universe of Frank Herbert. The CHOAM corporation is the major underpinning of the Imperial economy, with shares and directorships determining each House's income and financial leverage. The Combine Honnete Ober Advancer Mercantiles ( CHOAM) is a fictional universal development corporation in Frank Herbert 's ''Dune'' universe, first Key is the control of the planet Arrakis, the only source of the valuable spice melange, which gives those who ingest it extended life and prescient awareness. Melange is crucial as it enables space travel, which in turn is monopolized by the Spacing Guild; its Navigators use the spice to safely plot a course for the Guild's heighliner ships via prescience using "foldspace" technology, which allows instantaneous travel to anywhere in the galaxy. The Spacing Guild is a Fictional organization in Frank Herbert 's ''Dune'' universe created in a series of Science fiction novels starting in In the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert, Guild Navigators or Steersmen are humans mutated through the consumption of massive amounts of Heighliners are enormous Starships used for Interstellar travel in the fictional ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. The Holtzman effect is a fictional scientific phenomenon in the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert, beginning with the 1965 novel Dune

The spice is also crucial to the powerful matriarchal order called the Bene Gesserit. Matriarchy is a term which is applied to gynocentric form of Society, in which the leading role is by the Female and especially by the Mothers The Bene Gesserit (from Latin or a Semitic language see the origin of the name) are a key social religious and political force in Frank Herbert The secretive Bene Gesserit, often referred to as "witches," possess mental and physical powers developed through a combination of thousands of generations of genetic selection and years of physical and mental conditioning called prana-bindu training. Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers The Bene Gesserit (from Latin or a Semitic language see the origin of the name) are a key social religious and political force in Frank Herbert When a Bene Gesserit acolyte becomes a full Reverend Mother by undergoing what Bene Gesserit Lady Jessica calls "the Reverend Mother ordeal" (referred to as the spice agony later in the series), she gains access to her "ancestral memories" — the complete life experiences of all her female ancestors back to the point of conception. A Reverend Mother is both a Bene Gesserit title and a class or level associated with Fictional characters from the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Lady Jessica (10154-10256 AG Lady Jessica was portrayed by Francesca Annis in the 1984 David Lynch film Dune. Spice agony is a term used in the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. The agony is induced by a massive overdose of "awareness spectrum narcotics. The term narcotic (ναρκωτικός is believed to have been coined by the Greek physician Galen to refer to agents that benumb or deaden causing loss " Jessica discovers that the analagous Fremen ritual involves drinking the bile of a drowned sandworm, a melange-essence poison known as the Water of Life which the subject must change internally or die. The Fremen are a group of free people in the fictional ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert, who based them on the Bedouin and the Kalahari Bushmen The sandworm is a fictional form of Desert -dwelling creature from the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. The Water of Life is a Fictional drug from Frank Herbert 's Science fiction ''Dune'' universe. Only women have been able to survive the transformation. However, the Bene Gesserit have a secret, centuries-old breeding program to create a prescient superhuman — and male equivalent to a Bene Gesserit—called the Kwisatz Haderach, who would not only be able to survive the spice agony, but whose "organic mental powers would bridge space and time. The Bene Gesserit (from Latin or a Semitic language see the origin of the name) are a key social religious and political force in Frank Herbert " Kwisatz Haderach " is the name of a prophesied Messiah in Frank Herbert 's fictional ''Dune'' universe. "[10]

The planet Arrakis itself is sparsely settled by a human population of native Fremen tribes. Tribal leaders are selected by defeating the former leader in combat. The Fremen also have complex rituals and systems focusing on the value and conservation of water on their arid planet. They conserve the water distilled from their dead, consider spitting an honorable greeting, and value tears as the greatest gift one can give to the dead. Their culture also revolves around the spice, which is created as part of the life cycle of the giant sandworms who dominate the deserts. Bene Gesserit missionary efforts have implanted a belief in a male Messiah who will one day come and transform Arrakis. This article is about the concept of a Messiah in religion notably in the Christian Islamic and Jewish traditions

Plot

Emperor Shaddam IV has come to fear House Atreides, partly due to the growing popularity of Duke Leto Atreides and also because the talent of Leto's fighting force is beginning to rival the effectiveness of the Emperor's own dreaded Imperial Sardaukar guard. The Sardaukar are a Jingoistic, Fictional army from Frank Herbert 's ''Dune'' universe, primarily featured in the Science fiction novel Shaddam decides that House Atreides must be destroyed, but cannot risk an overt attack on a single House, which would by necessity unite the other Houses against him. The Emperor instead uses the centuries-old feud between House Atreides and House Harkonnen to disguise his assault, enlisting the brilliant and power-hungry Baron Vladimir Harkonnen in his plan to trap and eliminate the Atreides. A feud (ˈfjuːd (referred to in more extreme cases as a blood feud or vendetta) is a long-running argument or fight between parties&mdashoften through Guilt See Dune House Harkonnen for the 2000 novel and The House Harkonnen for the band House Harkonnen is a powerful noble family The Baron Vladimir Harkonnen is a Fictional character from the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. Shaddam forces Leto to accept the lucrative fief of the desert planet Arrakis, the only known source of the spice melange, previously controlled by the Harkonnens. Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing

Complicating the political intrigue is the fact that the Duke's son Paul Atreides is an essential part of the Bene Gesserit's secret, centuries-old breeding program to create a superhuman called the Kwisatz Haderach. " Kwisatz Haderach " is the name of a prophesied Messiah in Frank Herbert 's fictional ''Dune'' universe. There are signs that Paul might actually be the Kwisatz Haderach, born one generation earlier than expected, though this remains in doubt.

The Atreides suspect foul play, and are able to thwart the initial Harkonnen traps and complications while simultaneously building trust with the local population of Fremen. Ultimately, however, the Atreides are unable to withstand a devastating Harkonnen attack, supported by Imperial Sardaukar disguised as Harkonnen troops and aided by a traitor within House Atreides itself — the Suk doctor Wellington Yueh. In Frank Herbert 's ''Dune'' universe, the Suk School produces the universe's most competent trusted doctors Dr Wellington Yueh (10082 AG-10191 AG Realizing young Yueh's great fear of having his memories restored Sheeana leads Yueh to believe that she can restore his memories easily Captured, Duke Leto dies in a failed attempt to assassinate Baron Harkonnen; Paul and Jessica, his mother, escape into the deep desert. With Jessica's Bene Gesserit abilities and Paul's developing skills, they manage to join a band of Fremen, ferocious fighters who ride the giant sandworms of Arrakis.

Paul and his mother quickly learn the ways of the Fremen, while teaching them the weirding way, or Bene Gesserit method of fighting. Jessica becomes a Reverend Mother, taking the concentrated spice while pregnant with her second child. Daughter Alia experiences all that her mother does from the spice, gaining prescience and wisdom before even being born. Alia Atreides (10191 Alia soon communicates with Paul the same way Of all the uses of time-vision this was the strangest Years pass, and Paul increasingly recognizes the strength of the Fremen fighting force, and recognizes their potential to overtake even the Sardaukar and win back Arrakis. Living on the spice diet of the Fremen, Paul's prescience increases dramatically, enabling him to foresee future events and gaining him a religious respect from the Fremen, who regard him as their prophesied Messiah. As Paul grows in influence, he begins a jihad against Harkonnen rule of the planet under his new Fremen name, Muad'Dib. Jihad (جهاد ʤɪhæːd an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. Muad'Dib is a term with multiple applications within Frank Herbert 's ''Dune'' universe.

Both the Emperor and the Baron Harkonnen show increasing interest in the fervor of religious fanaticism shown on Arrakis for this "Muad'Dib," not guessing that this leader is the presumed-dead Paul. Harkonnen plots to send his nephew and heir Feyd Rautha as a replacement for his other and more ruthless nephew Glossu Rabban — who is currently in charge of the planet — to gain the respect of the now-troublesome Fremen. The Na-Baron Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen is a Fictional character in the Science fiction novel Dune by Frank Herbert. Glossu Rabban, Count of Lankiveil (nickname 'The Beast' was a minor character in the Science fiction Novel Dune by Winning them over as a fighting force, he hopes, will give him enough power to overtake the Emperor himself. The Emperor, however, is highly suspicious of the Baron and sends spies to watch his movements.

On Arrakis, Paul is reunited with an old ally of the Atreides, Gurney Halleck. Gurney Halleck is a fictional Troubadour Warrior in the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. Completely loyal to the Atreides, Gurney is convinced that Jessica is the traitor who had caused the House's downfall. He nearly kills her, but for Paul's last-minute intervention. Disturbed by his lack of complete prescience and the near-loss of his mother, Paul decides to take the spice poison. After three weeks in a near-death state, Paul emerges as the Kwisatz Haderach. His powers are less random, and he is able to see past, present and future at will.

Alia is captured by Sardaukar and brought to the planet's capital Arrakeen, where the Baron Harkonnen is nervously attempting to thwart the Fremen jihad under the close watch of the Emperor. Arrakis is also an alternative name for the star Mu Draconis. The Emperor is surprised at four-year-old Alia's defiance of his power and her confidence in her brother, whom she reveals to be Paul Atreides, still alive. At that moment, under cover of a gigantic sandstorm, Paul and his army of Fremen attack the city. Alia kills the Baron Harkonnen with a poisoned needle during the confusion. Paul quickly overtakes the city's defenses and confronts the Emperor, threatening to destroy the spice and thereby effectively end space travel and cripple both the Imperial power and Bene Gesserit in one blow. Feyd Rautha challenges Paul to a knife-duel in a final attempt to stop his overthrow of power, but is defeated despite an attempt at treachery. Realizing that Paul is capable of doing all he has threatened to do, the Emperor is forced to abdicate and to promise his daughter Princess Irulan in marriage to Paul. Princess Irulan Corrino is a Fictional character and member of House Corrino in the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. Paul ascends the throne, his control of Arrakis and the spice establishing a new kind of power over the Empire which will change the face of the known universe.

Characters

The characters are listed by primary allegiances. In some cases these allegiances change or reveal themselves to be different in the course of the novels.

House Atreides

House Harkonnen

House Corrino

Fremen

Analysis

Environmentalism and ecology

Dune has been called the "first planetary ecology novel on a grand scale". [11] After the publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson in 1962, science fiction writers were confronted with the problem of biological-human relations. Silent Spring is a book written by Rachel Carson and published by Houghton Mifflin in September 1962 Rachel Louise Carson (May 27 1907 – April 14 1964 was an American marine biologist and Nature writer whose writings are credited with advancing the global Dune responded in 1965 with its complex descriptions of Arrakis life, from giant sandworms (for whom water is deadly) to smaller, mouse-like life forms adapted to live with limited water. The inhabitants of the planet, the Fremen, must compromise with the ecosystem they live in—sacrificing some of their desire for a water-laden planet in order to preserve the sandworms which are so important to their culture. In this way, Dune foreshadowed the struggle the world would have following Carson's book in balancing human and animal life. Dune was followed in its creation of complex and unique ecologies by other science fiction books such as A Door into Ocean (1986) and Red Mars (1992). A Door into Ocean is a 1986 Feminist science fiction novel by Joan Slonczewski. [11] Environmentalists have pointed out that Dune's popularity as a novel depicting a planet as a complex—almost living—thing, in combination with the first images of earth from space during the same time period being published, was instrumental in environmental movements such as the creation of Earth Day in many nations worldwide. Earth Day is one of two Observances both held annually during spring in the Northern hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern hemisphere. [12]

Declining empires

Scholars have compared Dune's portrayal of the downfall of a galactic empire to Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, which portrays the corruption, division, and circumstance which led to the fall of Ancient Rome. Edward Gibbon ( April 27, 1737 January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (known popularly as The History) was written by English Historian Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Lorenso DiTommaso, for example, outlines similarities between the two works by highlighting the excesses of the Emperor on his home planet of Kaitain and of the Baron Harkonnen in his palace. The Emperor is said to have lost his effectiveness as a ruler in the name of ceremony and pomp. The hairdressers and attendants which he brings with him to Arrakis are even referred to as "parasites" in the novel. The Baron Harkonnen is similarly corrupt, completely decadent and given over to sexual pleasures. In a parallel manner, Gibbon's Decline and Fall blames the fall of Rome on the inflow of decadent ideas from conquered states, and on the excesses that followed therefrom. Gibbon claimed that these luxuries weakened the soldiers of Rome and left it open to attack. Similarly, the Emperor's Sardaukar fighters are little match for the Fremen of Dune because of the Fremen's lack of luxury, comfort, and overconfidence with which the Sardaukar have become familiar. The Fremen also are more capable of self-sacrifice, putting the community before themselves in every instance, while the world outside wallows in personal comfort at the expense of others. In all these characteristics, Dune is not alone in drawing from Gibbon's work, as Isaac Asimov creates a similarly declining empire in his Foundation series, as does Arthur C. Clarke in his The City and the Stars. Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE (16 December 1917–19 March 2008 was a British Science fiction Author, Inventor, and The City and the Stars (1956 is a Science fiction novel by Arthur C [13]

Gender issues

Kathy Gower criticizes Dune in the book Mother Was Not a Person, arguing that although the book has been praised for its portrayal of people in a mystical world, the women get left behind. In her view, women in Dune culture are largely left to domestic duties, and the exclusively-female Bene Gesserit religious cult resembles age-old notions of witchcraft. Women in this religion are feared and hated by the men. They also never use their power to aid themselves, only the men around them, and their greatest desire is to bring a man into their religion. [14] Margery Hourihan echoes this sentiment, calling the main character's mother Jessica "by far the most interesting character in the novel"[15] and pointing out that while her son approaches a power which makes him almost alien to the reader, she remains human. Throughout the novel, she struggles to maintain power in a male-dominated society, and manages to help her son at key moments in his realization of power. [15] Other gender critics argue that the book's portrayal of homosexuals, as in the case of the Baron Harkonnen, is highly negative and one-sided. [16]

Heroism

Throughout Paul's rise to superhuman status, he follows a plotline common to many stories describing the birth of a hero. For example, as in other hero stories, he has unfortunate circumstances forced onto him. After a long period of hardship and exile, he confronts and defeats the source of evil in his tale. [17][18] As such, Dune is representative of a general trend beginning in 1960s American science fiction in that it features a character who attains godlike status through scientific means. [19] Eventually, Paul Atreides gains a level of omniscience which allows him to take over the planet and the galaxy, and also causes the Fremen of Arrakis to worship him like a god, leading to varying results. Author Frank Herbert said in 1979, "The bottom line of the Dune trilogy is: beware of heroes. Much better rely on your own judgment, and your own mistakes. "[20]

Juan A. Prieto-Pablos asserts that Herbert achieves a new typology with Paul's superpowers, differentiating the heroes of Dune from earlier heroes, such as Superman, van Vogt's Gilbert Gosseyn, and Henry Kuttner's telepaths. Superman is a fictional Comic book Superhero widely considered to be one of the most recognized of such characters and an American Cultural icon Alfred Elton van Vogt (April 26 1912 – January 26 2000 was a Canadian -born Science fiction author who was one of the most prolific Henry Kuttner ( April 7 1915 – February 4 1958) was a Science fiction author born in Los Angeles, California. Unlike previous superheroes who acquire their powers suddenly and accidentally, Paul's are the result of "painful and slow personal progress. " And unlike other superheroes of the 1960s—who are the exception among ordinary people in their respective worlds—Herbert's characters grow their powers through "the application of mystical philosophies and techniques. " For Herbert, the ordinary person can develop incredible fighting skills (Fremen and Sardaukar) or mental abilities (Bene Gesserit and Mentats). The reader, then, may feel himself projected into these characters if he is open to evolution through his own efforts. [21]

Zen

Early in his newspaper career, Herbert was introduced to Zen by two Jungian psychologists; ever after, Zen and Jungianism influenced him. Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism, referred to in Chinese as Chan. Analytical psychology (or Jungian psychology) refers to the school of Psychology originating from the ideas of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, and then advanced [22] Throughout the Dune series and particularly in Dune, Herbert employs concepts and forms[23] borrowed from Zen Buddhism as a further religious influence on his characters; the Fremen are Zensunni adherents, many of his epigraphs are Zen-spirited. Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism, referred to in Chinese as Chan. The Religions of Dune represent an important aspect of the setting of the fictional ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. [24] In "Dune Genesis", he writes of his use of Zen themes:

What especially pleases me is to see the interwoven themes, the fuguelike relationships of images that exactly replay the way Dune took shape. As in an Escher lithograph, I involved myself with recurrent themes that turn into paradox. Maurits Cornelis Escher (17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972 usually referred to as M The central paradox concerns the human vision of time. What about Paul's gift of prescience-the Presbyterian fixation? For the Delphic Oracle to perform, it must tangle itself in a web of predestination. Yet predestination negates surprises and, in fact, sets up a mathematically enclosed universe whose limits are always inconsistent, always encountering the unprovable. It's like a koan, a Zen mind breaker. It's like the Cretan Epimenides saying, "All Cretans are liars. "[25]

Zen also appears in other Herbert works outside the Dune series; The Jesus Incident cites Zen by name, and Tim O'Reilly has identified strong Zen elements in the preceding novel, Destination: Void. The Jesus Incident (1979 is the second Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert Destination Void (1966 is the first Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert [26]

Reception

Reviews of the novel have been largely positive. Tamara I. Hladik wrote that the story "crafts a universe where lesser novels promulgate excuses for sequels. All its rich elements are in balance and plausible -- not the patchwork confederacy of made-up languages, contrived customs, and meaningless histories that are the hallmark of so many other, lesser novels. "[27] The only weak point, he says, is the ending, in which Paul "becomes remote and a shade boring" as a result of his almost godlike status. [27]

Adaptations

The first film adaptation of Dune was released nearly 20 years after the book's publication. The depth and symbolism of the novel, Herbert said, seemed to intimidate many filmmakers. Herbert, however, was pleased with the film, saying that "They've got it. It begins as Dune does. And I hear my dialogue all the way through. There are some interpretations and liberties, but you're gonna come out knowing you've seen Dune. "[28] Reviews of the film were not as optimistic, saying that it was incomprehensible to those unfamiliar with the book, and that fans would be disappointed by the way it strayed from the book's plot. [29] The book also inspired a 2000 SciFi miniseries starring William Hurt, and production is underway at Paramount Pictures for a new film based on the book, directed by Peter Berg. William M Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an Academy Award - and BAFTA Award -winning American Actor. Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. Peter Berg (born March 11 1962 is an American actor Film director, producer and writer [30][31][32]

Cultural influence of Dune

See also: List of fiction inspired by Dune and Dune (film)#Influence on popular culture

Dune has been widely influential, inspiring other novels, music, films (including Star Wars[33][34]), television, videogames, and comic books. As one of the best-known and best-selling Science fiction Novels of all time Frank Herbert 's ''Dune'' series has inspired many works both inside and outside This article is about the 1984 film See Frank Herbert's Dune for the 2000 television adaptation Star Wars is an epic Space opera franchise initially conceived by George Lucas during the 1970s and significantly expanded The novel was parodied in 1984's National Lampoon's Doon by Ellis Weiner, and inspired The Dune Encyclopedia (1984) by Dr. Willis E. McNelly. National Lampoon's Doon is a Parody of Frank Herbert 's Dune, written by Ellis Weiner and published in 1984 by Ellis Weiner is an Author and humourist who has previously worked as an editor of National Lampoon and a columnist for Spy Magazine The Dune Encyclopedia is a 1984 collection of essays written by Dr Dr Willis Everett McNelly ( December 16 1920 - April 7 2003) was a professor and writer best known for The Dune Encyclopedia [35]

Dune inspired the Iron Maiden song "To Tame A Land. For other uses see Iron maiden. " To Tame a Land " is the closing track on Iron Maiden 's fourth studio album Piece of Mind. " However, when songwriter Steve Harris requested permission from the author to name the song "Dune," his request was met with a stern refusal — backed up with a legal threat — which noted that "Herbert doesn't like rock bands, particularly heavy rock bands, and especially rock bands like Iron Maiden. Steve Harris may refer to Steve Harris (musician (born 1956 founding member and bassist of the band Iron Maiden Steve Harris (actor " The song was renamed "To Tame a Land" and released in 1983. [36][37] It is also the likely inspiration for the lyrics "Walk without rhythm, it won't attract the worm" in the song "Star 69 / Weapon of Choice" by Fatboy Slim. " Star 69 " / " Weapon of Choice " are songs by Fatboy Slim. Fatboy Slim, also known as Norman Cook, (born Quentin Leo Cook on 31 July 1963 is a British DJ and Big beat musician In the novel, Paul notes "We must walk without rhythm" to avoid notice by a sandworm as he and Jessica cross the desert; Lynch's Dune (1984) features Paul's line "If we walk without rhythm, we won't attract the worm" 82 minutes into the film. [38]

Shai Hulud is a hardcore band named after one of the creatures in the Dune novels.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ "SCI FI Channel Auction to Benefit Reading Is Fundamental". The Dune universe, or Duniverse, is the political, scientific, and social fictional setting of author Frank The following are the family Houses featured in the fictional ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert. This is a list of characters who appear in the novels of the fictional '''''Dune''''' universe, created by Frank Herbert and later expanded by Brian Herbert and The following is a list of terminology used in the fictional ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert, the primary source being "Terminology of the Imperium" the As one of the best-known and best-selling Science fiction Novels of all time Frank Herbert 's ''Dune'' series has inspired many works both inside and outside A Fictional book is a non-existent book created specifically for (i Retrieved on 2006-07-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to  “"Since its debut in 1965, Frank Herbert’s Dune has sold over 12 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling science fiction novel of all time . . . Frank Herbert's Dune saga is one of the greatest 20th Century contributions to literature. "”
  2. ^ a b Touponce, William F. (1988), Frank Herbert, Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers imprint, G. K. Hall & Co, pg. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. 119, ISBN 0-8057-7514-5. Locus ran a poll of readers on 15 April 1975 in which Dune "was voted the all-time best science-fiction novel. Locus is a monthly American Magazine, subtitled "The Magazine Of The Science Fiction & Fantasy Field" Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. . . It has sold over ten million copies in numerous editions. "
  3. ^ The Hugo Award: 1966 - WorldCon.org
  4. ^ "During my studies of deserts, of course, and previous studies of religions, we all know that many religions began in a desert atmosphere, so I decided to put the two together because I don’t think that any one story should have any one thread. I build on a layer technique, and of course putting in religion and religious ideas you can play one against the other. " Frank Herbert, from an interview with Dr. Willis E. McNelly
  5. ^ Official Dune website - DuneNovels.com
  6. ^ The Road to Dune (2005), p. The Road to Dune is a Science fiction companion book to the ''Dune'' novels by Frank Herbert, Brian Herbert and Kevin J 264, letter by Frank Herbert to his agent Lurton Blassingame outlining "They Stopped the Moving Sands. "
  7. ^ The Road to Dune, p. 272. ". . . Frank Herbert toyed with the story about a desert world full of hazards and riches. He plotted a short adventure novel, Spice Planet, but set the outline aside when his concept grew into something much more ambitious. "
  8. ^ The Road to Dune, pp. 263-264.
  9. ^ The Road to Dune, p. 277.
  10. ^ Herbert, Frank (1965). Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr ( October 8 1920 &ndash February 11 1986) was a critically acclaimed and commercially successful American Dune, Terminology of the Imperium (Kwisatz Haderach).
  11. ^ a b James, Edward and Farah Mendlesohn. The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. pp. 183-184. ISBN 0521016576
  12. ^ France, Edited. Facilitating Watershed Management. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefied Publishers, 2005. p. 105 ISBN 0742533646
  13. ^ DiTommaso, Lorenzo. "The Articulation of Imperial Decadence and Decline in Epic Science Fiction. " Extrapolation (University of Texas at Brownsville). (July 2007) 48. 2 pp. 267-291
  14. ^ Andersen, Margret. "Science Fiction and Women. " Mother Was Not a Person. Montréal: Black Rose Books, 1974. pp. 98-99 ISBN 0919618006
  15. ^ a b Hourihan, Margery. Deconstructing the Hero: Literary Theory and Children's Literature. New York: Routledge, 1997. pp. 174-175 ISBN 0415144191
  16. ^ Delany, Samuel R. Shorter Views: Queer Thoughts & the Politics of the Paraliterary. Hanover: Wesleyan University Press, published by University Press of New England, 1999. p. 90 ISBN 0819563692
  17. ^ Tilley, E. Allen. "The Modes of Fiction: A Plot Morphology. " College English. (Feb 1978) 39. 6 pp. 692-706.
  18. ^ Hume, Kathryn. "Romance: A Perdurable Pattern. " College English. (Oct 1974) 36. 2 pp. 129-146.
  19. ^ Attebery, Brian. Decoding Gender in Science Fiction. New York: Routledge, 2002. p. 66 ISBN 0415939496
  20. ^ Clareson, Thomas. Understanding Contemporary American Science Fiction: the Formative Period,. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1992. pp. 169-172 ISBN 0872498700
  21. ^ Prieto-Pablos, Juan A. (Spring 1991). "The Ambivalent Hero of Contemporary Fantasy and Science Fiction". Extrapolation 32 (1): 64-80. Extrapolation is an American journal of academic essays on Speculative fiction. The University of Texas at Brownsville.  
  22. ^ "This move, in April 1949, was to prove significant, for it was in Santa Rosa that Herbert met Ralph and Irene Slattery, two psychologists who gave a crucial boost to his thinking. Any discussion of the sources of Herbert's work circles inevitably back to their names as to no others. They are the one exception to the principle that books loom larger than people as influences on his self-educated mind. Perhaps it was because they guided his reading into new avenues as well as sparked thoughtful conversation. "Those wonderful people really opened a university for me," he says. Ralph had doctorates in philosophy and psychology. Irene had been a student of Jung in Zurich. And both of them were analysts. . . . They really educated me in that field. ". . . The Slatterys also introduced Herbert to Zen, the teachings of which have had a profound and continuing influence on his work. " O'Reilly, Frank Herbert[1]
  23. ^ WM: Well, I caught those Zen elements from time to time, I thought . . . in Dune, and in fact, the whole Zensunni school line thought was an aspect of that . . .
    FH: You know, don’t you, that one element of the construction of this book . . . it’s all the way through there…that I wrote certain parts of it in haiku and other poetical forms, and then expanded them to prose to create a pace. [2]
  24. ^ "They also introduced Herbert to Zen, the teachings of which had a profound influence on his life and work. The Dune series is full of Zen paradoxes that are intended to disrupt our Western logical habits of mind. " pg 10, Touponce 1988
  25. ^ Herbert, Frank. "Dune Genesis." Retrieved 17 April 2008 from DuneNovels. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common com. Originally published in Omni (July 1980). OMNI was a Science magazine and Science fiction magazine published in the USA. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar)
  26. ^ "Zen Buddhism shows up in the emphasis on hyperconscious awakening in the crewmembers. At one point Flattery notes, "The question of Western religion is: What lies beyond death? The question of the Zen master is: What lies beyond waking?" (It is interesting to note in this context that the original magazine title for this piece was "Do I Wake or Dream?"). . .
    Another concealed tribute to Zen is the name Bickel gives to the device he hooks up to the computer: the Ox. One of the most famous works of Zen is the "Ten Bulls" of the twelfth-century Chinese master Kakuan, in which the individual search for enlightenment is mirrored in the mastery of man over ox. The ox, in one interpretation, represents the body, and the man who rides him, consciousness. This is reflected exactly in the computerized solution to the consciousness problem. Bickel at first thinks that the Ox is the computer's "organ of consciousness," but later, Prue realizes that the seat of consciousness is actually the AAT module, "the manipulator of symbols. " She adds, "The Ox circuits are merely something this manipulator can use to stand up tall, to know its own dimensions. " One could say that the Ox is the "body" of Kakuan's metaphor. "[3]
  27. ^ a b Classic Sci-Fi Reviews: Dune
  28. ^ Rozen, Leah. "With another best-seller and an upcoming film, Dune is busting out all over for Frank Herbert. " People Weekly. (25 Jun 1984) Vol. 21 pp. 129-130.
  29. ^ Feeney, Mark. "Screen of dreams. " The Boston Globe. (16 Dec 2007) p. N12.
  30. ^ "Berg to direct Dune for Paramount.". Variety. com (2008-03-17). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
  31. ^ "New Dune Film from Paramount.". DuneNovels. com (2008-03-18). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
  32. ^ HT Syndication. "Peter Berg to direct Dune adaptation. " Hindustan Times. 18 March 2008. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  33. ^ Star Wars Origins: Dune - Moongadget.com
  34. ^ Roberts, Adam. Science Fiction. New York: Routledge, 2000. pp. 85-90 ISBN 0415192048
  35. ^ Weiner, Ellis. Doon. New York: Pocket, 1984.
  36. ^ "To Tame A Land" by Iron Maiden - SongFacts.com
  37. ^ "To Tame A Land" commentary - MaidenFans.com
  38. ^ "Weapon of Choice" by Fatboy Slim - SongFacts.com

Bibliography

External links

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