Duke of Normandy - Citizendia

Elizabeth II the current Duke of Normandy. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II

Duke of Normandy is a title held or claimed by various Norman, English, French and British rulers from the 10th century until the present, in recognition of their history. A title is a prefix or suffix added to a person's name to signify either veneration an official position or a professional or academic qualification The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The title refers to the region of Normandy in France and several associated islands in the English Channel. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is the current Duke of Normandy. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

1 Rollo the Viking
2 William the Conqueror
3 International contention
4 Appanage
5 House of Stuart
6 Channel Islands
7 Succession of the Dukes of Normandy
8 Further reading
9 See also

Rollo the Viking

The fiefdom of Normandy was created in 911 for the Viking leader Rollo (also known as Rolf). The Duchy of Normandy stems from various Danish, Hiberno-Norse, Orkney Viking and Anglo-Danish ( from the Danelaw) invasions of A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c 860 - c 932 was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as

Rollo and his Viking allies conquered a large region of France and besieged Paris until entering vassalage to Charles the Simple, the king of the West Franks through the Treaty of St.-Claire-sur-Epte. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Charles III ( September 17, 879 – October 7, 929) called the Simple or the Straightforward (from the contemporary West Francia or the West Frankish Kingdom was a short-lived kingdom encompassing the lands of the western part of the Carolingian Empire that came under the undisputed The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was signed in the autumn of 911 between Charles the Simple and Rollo, the leader of the Vikings for the purpose In exchange for homage and fealty, Rollo legally gained the territory he and his Viking allies had previously conquered. For medieval usage see Homage (medieval and Commendation ceremony, or Homage (disambiguation Homage (from the French An Oath of fealty, from the Latin fidelitas ( Faithfulness) is a pledge of Allegiance of one person to another The name "Normandy" reflects Rollo's Viking (i. e. Northman, Latin Normanorum) origins. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Rollo and his immediate successors were styled as "Counts of Normandy. Some later medieval sources refer to them by the title dux, a Latin term from which is derived the English word "duke"; however, Rollo's great-grandson Richard II was the first to assuredly be styled "Duke of Normandy". Dux (plural duces) is Latin for leader (from the verb ducere, 'to lead' and could refer to anyone who commanded troops such A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom Richard II (born 23 August 963, in Normandy, France &ndash 28 August 1027, in Normandy called the Good Although certain titles were used interchangeably during this period, the title of "duke" was typically reserved for the highest rank of feudal nobility - those who either who owed homage and fealty directly to kings or who were independent sovereigns primarily distinguished from kings by not having dukes as vassals. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe,

William the Conqueror

William the Conqueror added the Kingdom of England to his realm in the Norman Conquest of 1066. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally This created a problematic situation wherein William and his descendants were king in England but a vassal to the king in France. Much of the contention which later arose around the title Duke of Normandy (as well as other French ducal titles during the Angevin period) stems from this fundamentally irreconcilable situation. The term Angevin Empire describes a collection of states ruled by the Angevin Plantagenet dynasty

After the death of William the Conqueror, his eldest son Robert Curthose became Duke of Normandy while a younger son, William Rufus, became the English king. William II (c 1056 &ndash 2 August 1100) the third son of William I of England (William the Conqueror was King of England from 1087 A generation later, Henry, Duke of Normandy became king of England which again united the titles.

International contention

In 1204, during the reign of King John, mainland Normandy was taken from England by France under Philip II while insular Normandy (the Channel Islands) remained under English control. John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands In 1259, Henry III of England recognised the legality of French possession of mainland Normandy under the Treaty of Paris. Henry III (1 October 1207 &ndash 16 November 1272 was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 The Treaty of Paris (also known as the Treaty of Albeville) was a Treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England But English monarchs, and their British successors, continued to use the title Duke of Normandy in reference to the Channel Islands (now subject to the British Crown, though not part of the United Kingdom). TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

English monarchs made subsequent attempts to reclaim their former continental possessions, particularly during the Hundred Years' War. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior In addition to claiming to be Duke of Normandy, after Henry V entered the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, English and British monarchs claimed the throne of France itself. Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that Henry V of England would inherit the throne of France upon the death of King Charles VI of France. The English claims to the French throne have a long and rather complex history between the 1340s and the 1800s During this time, English monarchs included "King of France" near the top of their list of titles and included the Royal Arms of France in their own armorial achievements. The precise style of British Sovereigns has varied over the years The current emblem of France has been a symbol of France since 1953 although it does not have any legal status as an official coat of arms A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people

British claims to the whole Duchy of Normandy, the throne of France and other French claims were not abandoned until 1801 when George III and Parliament, in the Act of Union, joined the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland and used the opportunity to drop their French claims. George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories The phrase Act of Union 1800 (or sometimes Act of Union 1801) (Acht an Aontais 1800 is used to describe two complementary Acts whose official United Kingdom titles are The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The Kingdom of Ireland (Ríocht na hÉireann was the name given to the Irish state from 1541 by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. By this time, the monarchy itself had been already been abolished in France since 1792.

Appanage

The Duchy of Normandy was sometimes given out as an appanage for a member of the French royal family, most notably by Philip VI for his eldest son, the future King John II, by John II for his son, the future Charles V, who was, however, usually known as the Dauphin, and by Louis XI for his brother Charles, usually known by his other title of Duc de Berri. An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate titles offices or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign who under the system of Philip VI (1293 &ndash 22 August 1350) known as the Fortunate ( French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France—strictly Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the Heir apparent of the Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Charles de Valois ( 26 December 1446 &ndash 24 May 1472) was the son of Charles VII, King of France and Marie of Anjou The title of Duke of Berry ( duc de Berry) in the French Nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The future Louis XVII was also known as Duke of Normandy before his elder brother's death in 1789. Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth

House of Stuart

The future Stuart King James II of England and Ireland (James VII of Scotland), was created "Duke of Normandy" by King Louis XIV of France on December 31, 1660. The House of Stuart or Stewart was a Royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent This was a few months after James's brother, Charles II, had been restored to the throne in England and the Kingdom of Ireland (Charles had already been crowned in the Kingdom of Scotland, in 1651). Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Kingdom of Ireland (Ríocht na hÉireann was the name given to the Irish state from 1541 by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. The Kingdom of Scotland ( Gaelic: Rìoghachd na h-Alba, Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a State in northwest Europe Since upon becoming King of England, Charles would have already claimed the title "Duke of Normandy" (indeed, it was in insular Normandy, specifically in Jersey, that he was first proclaimed king in 1649) the French king giving the same title to James in respect to mainland Normandy was an important political gesture. The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. Jacobite claimants to the English throne maintained their claims on French possessions as well until the death of Henry Benedict Stuart in 1807. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland Henry Benedict Cardinal Stuart ( 11 March 1725 &ndash 13 July 1807) was the fourth and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones

Channel Islands

Although the British monarchy relinquished claims to continental Normandy and other French claims in 1801, the monarch of the United Kingdom retains the title Duke of Normandy in respect to the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands (except for Chausey under French sovereignty) remain Crown dependencies of the British Crown in the present era. Chausey is a group of small Islands islets and rocks that forms part of the Channel Islands from a geographical point of view but because it is under French The Crown Dependencies are possessions of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United Throughout the Commonwealth realms The Crown is an abstract metonymic concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government Thus the Loyal Toast in the Channel Islands is La Reine, notre Duc ("The Queen, our Duke"). The Loyal Toast is the first toast to be given at a formal gathering by the presiding person

Succession of the Dukes of Normandy

Family tree of the early Dukes of Normandy and Norman Kings of England

Rollo 911-927
William I Longsword 927-942
Richard I 942-996
Richard II, the Good, 996-1027
Richard III, 1027-1028
Robert the Magnificent (Robert the Devil), 1028-1035
William II the Conqueror 1035-1087
Robert II Curthose 1087-1106
Henry I Beauclerk 1106-1135
- William III Adelin (under his father, Henry I)
Stephen 1135-1144
Geoffrey Plantagenet 1144-1150
Henry II 1150-1189
Richard IV Coeur de Lion (Richard Lionheart) 1189-1199
John 1199-1216 (possession of mainland Normandy lost, 1204)
Henry III 1216-1259 (signed Treaty of Paris (1259) recognising French control of mainland Normandy; subsequently English and British monarchs have borne the title "Duke of Normandy" only as it pertains to the Channel Islands and English/British constitutional history)
Edward I 1272–1307
Edward II 1307–1327
Edward III 1327–1377
Richard II 1377–1399
Henry IV 1399–1413
Henry V 1413–1422
Henry VI 1422–1461 and 1470–1471
Edward IV 1461–1470 and 1471 1483
Edward V 1483
Richard III 1483 – 1485
Henry VII 1485–1509
Henry VIII 1509–1542
Edward VI 1547–1553
Jane Grey 1553
Mary I 1553–1558
Elizabeth I 1558–1603
James I 1603–1625
Charles I 1625–1649
Charles II 1660–1685
James II 1685–1688
William III 1689–1702 and Mary II 1689–1694
Anne 1702–1714
George I 1714–1727
George II 1727–1760
George III 1760–1820
George IV 1820–1830
William IV 1830–1837
Victoria 1837–1901
Edward VII 1901–1910
George V 1910–1936
Edward VIII 1936
George VI 1936–1952
Elizabeth II 1952– present

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