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Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is a title which has been created three times in British history while the title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne has been created once. The title was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1664 when William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was made Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The Peerage of England comprises all Peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. William Cavendish 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne KG KB PC (6 December 1592 &ndash 25 December 1676 was an English Polymath and He was a prominent Royalist commander in the Civil War. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. He had already been created Viscount Mansfield in 1620, Baron Cavendish of Bolsover and Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1621 and Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1643, and was made Earl of Ogle at the same time as he was given the dukedom. These titles were also in the Peerage of England.

Cavendish was the son of Sir Charles Cavendish, third son of Sir William Cavendish and his wife Bess of Hardwick. Sir William Cavendish (1505 &ndash 25 October, 1557) was an English courtier Elizabeth Talbot Countess of Shrewsbury ( July 27[[ 527]]&ndash February 13, 1608) known as Bess of Hardwick, was the third surviving daughter William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire, was his uncle (see the Duke of Devonshire for further history of this branch of the family). William Cavendish 1st Earl of Devonshire ( December 27 1552 &ndash March 3 1626) was a politician and a supporter of colonizing Virginia Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the aristocratic Cavendish family Sir Charles Cavendish married as his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th Baron Ogle. In 1629 their son William Cavendish (then Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) succeeded as ninth Baron Ogle. The Ogles were a prominent Northumbrian family from before the time of the Norman Conquest. He was succeeded by his son, the second Duke. He was also a politician. His only son and heir apparent Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle, predeceased him. On the Duke's death in 1691 all the titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle which fell into abeyance between his four daughters (one of whom was Lady Elizabeth Cavendish). Elizabeth Monck Duchess of Albermarle (and later Elizabeth Montagu Duchess of Montagu was born Lady Elizabeth Cavendish ( 22 February 1654 &ndash 11 September

Another daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish, married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare. John Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, KG, PC ( 9 January 1662 &ndash 15 July 1711) was the son of the 3rd In 1694 the dukedom was revived when he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the Peerage of England. The Holles family descended from John Holles, 1st Baron Houghton. John Holles 1st Earl of Clare (May 1564 – 4 October 1637 was an English nobleman He was created Baron Houghton, of Houghton in the County of Nottingham, in 1616, and was made Earl of Clare in 1624. His second son was the politician Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles. Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles ( October 31, 1599 &ndash February 17, 1680) was an English statesman and Writer, best Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented East Retford in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. East Retford was a Parliamentary constituency in Nottinghamshire, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs to the House of Commons The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. His son, the third Earl, was briefly Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire in 1660. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Nottinghamshire was a County constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl, who was elevated to a dukedom in 1694. The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne had one daughter but no sons and on his death in 1711 all his titles became extinct.

Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle
Thomas Pelham-Holles,
1st Duke of Newcastle

The Duke's sister, Lady Grace Holles (d. 1700), married Thomas Holles, 2nd Baron Pelham (see the Earl of Chichester for earlier history of the Pelham family). Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, KG, PC (21 July 1693 &ndash 17 November 1768 was a British Earl of Chichester is a title that has been created three times in British history On his uncle's death in 1711 he succeeded to the substantial Holles estates and assumed by Royal license the additional surname of Pelham. In 1714 the earldom of Clare was revived when he was created Viscount Houghton, in the County of Nottingham, and Earl of Clare, with remainder to his younger brother Henry Pelham, and the following year the dukedom was also revived when he was made Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with similar remainder to his younger brother Henry. Henry Pelham ( 25 September 1694 &ndash 6 March 1754) was a British Whig Statesman, who served as Prime These titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain. The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant Peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain after the Act of Union 1707 but before the Act of

In 1756 (when Henry Pelham had died without male issue and it was apparent that the Duke was to have no children of his own) the Duke was also made Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, in the County of Stafford, with remainder to his nephew Henry Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln. Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, KG, PC ( 16 April 1720 – 22 February 1794) was born in On the Duke's death in 1768 he was succeeded in the dukedom of Newcastle-under-Lyne according to the special remainder by his nephew, the second Duke (for further history of this title see the Earl of Lincoln). Earl of Lincoln is a title that has been created eight times in the Peerage of England. All his other titles became extinct except for the Pelham Baronetcy of Laughton and the barony of Pelham of Stanmer, which were passed on to his first cousin once removed, Thomas Pelham (for further history of these titles, see the Earl of Chichester). Thomas Pelham 1st Earl of Chichester PC ( 28 February 1728 &ndash 8 January 1805) known as the Lord Pelham of Stanmer Earl of Chichester is a title that has been created three times in British history

The title of the 1756 dukedom was "of Newcastle-under-Lyne" and not "Newcastle-under-Lyme", the usual spelling of the Staffordshire town it refers to. Newcastle-under-Lyme, known simply as "castle" to many local people is a Market town in Staffordshire, England, and is the principal Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England.

Extensive personal and estate papers of the Dukes of Newcastle are held in the Portland (Welbeck) and Newcastle (Clumber) collections at the department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham. Manuscripts and Special Collections is part of Information Services at the University of Nottingham.

Contents

Dukes of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, First creation (1665)

Earls of Clare (1624)

Dukes of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Second Creation (1694)

Dukes of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Third Creation (1715)

Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1757)

see the Earl of Lincoln for further holders of this dukedom

See also

References

External links

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