The Dukedom of Cornwall was the first dukedom created in the peerage of England. A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom The Peerage of England comprises all Peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707.
The current Duke of Cornwall is the Prince of Wales, the eldest son of the current British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II
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History
See also: Legendary Dukes of Cornwall
According to legend, Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall under King Uther Pendragon, rebelled against the latter's rule when the king became obsessed with Gorlois' wife Igraine. This article is about British history For the soul group "Legendary Dukes" that originated in the 1960s please see Wilmer and the Dukes Legendary Gorlois ( Old Welsh: Gwrlais) was a Duke of Cornwall and Igraine 's first husband before her marriage to Uther Pendragon, In Arthurian legend, Igraine is the mother of King Arthur. (She is also known in Latin as Igerna, in Welsh as Eigyr, in French as Igerne Uther killed Gorlois and took Igraine; the result of the union was the future King Arthur. King Arthur is a legendary British leader who according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders
The Dukedom of Cornwall always belongs to the eldest son of the Sovereign. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy Cornwall was the first dukedom ever conferred in the Kingdom of England, being created for Edward, the Black Prince, the eldest son of Edward III in 1337. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376 popularly known as The Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. After Edward predeceased the King, the dukedom was recreated for his son, the future Richard II. Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Under a charter of 1421, the dukedom passes to the Sovereign's eldest son and heir.
If the eldest son of the Sovereign dies, his eldest son does not inherit the Dukedom. However, if the eldest son should die without children, his next brother obtains the Dukedom. Underlying these rules is the principle that only a son of the Sovereign—never a grandson, even if he is the Heir Apparent—may be Duke of Cornwall; similarly, no female may ever be Duke of Cornwall, even if she is Heiress Presumptive to the throne. An heir apparent is an Heir who (short of a fundamental change in the situation cannot be displaced from inheriting the term is used in contrast to Heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne peerage or other hereditary honor but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an Heir apparent It is possible for an individual to be Prince of Wales and Heir Apparent without being Duke of Cornwall. Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom For example, King George II's heir-apparent, the future George III, was Prince of Wales, but not Duke of Cornwall (because he was the King's grandson, not the King's son). George II (George Augustus 10 November 1683 &ndash 25 October 1760 was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places
In 1856-1857 there was a case of arbitration between the Crown and the Duchy of Cornwall in which the Officers of the Duchy successfully argued that the Duchy enjoyed many of the rights and prerogatives of a County palatine and that although the Duke was not granted Royal Jurisdiction, was considered to be quasi-sovereign within his Duchy of Cornwall. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the A county palatine is an area ruled by a Count palatine (or Earl palatine who may hold the higher title of Duke) with special authority and autonomy In Law, jurisdiction (from the Latin ius iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak" is the practical Authority The arbitration, as instructed by the Crown, was based on legal argument and documentation, led to the Cornwall Submarine Mines Act of 1858.
In 1969-71 the Royal Commission on the Constitution recommended that official sources properly refer to Cornwall as a Duchy and not merely a county. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Royal Commission on the Constitution, also referred to as the Kilbrandon Commission (initially the Crowther Commission) or Kilbrandon Report, was a Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar This is in recognition of its special constitutional position.
Following her marriage to The Prince of Wales, Camilla Parker Bowles uses the style 'Her Royal Highness, The Duchess of Cornwall' rather than 'Princess of Wales'.
Duchy of Cornwall
Traditionally, the Duke of Cornwall is entitled to receive certain feudal dues. The Duchy of Cornwall is with the Duchy of Lancaster, one of the two Royal duchies in England. The current Duke received his dues at Launceston Castle in 1973, which included a pair of white gloves, a pair of greyhounds, a pound of pepper and cumin, a pair of gilt spurs, one hundred silver shillings, a bow, a spear and firewood. Launceston Castle (Kastell Lannstefan is located in the town of Launceston, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Black pepper ( Piper nigrum) is a flowering Vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its Fruit, which is usually dried The shilling is a unit of Currency used in current and former Commonwealth countries and was continued to be used in countries that left the commonwealth The Duke of Cornwall is also entitled to the income of the Duchy's lands, which is normally used to cover the cost of his public functions. Should there be no Duke of Cornwall at any time, the income of the Duchy goes to the Crown. The Duchy includes over 570 square kilometres of land, half of which lies in Devon. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name
The Duke also has some rights over the territory of Cornwall, the county, and for this and other reasons there is debate as to the constitutional status of Cornwall. The constitutional status of Cornwall, in the southwest of the United Kingdom, is the subject of ongoing debate The High Sheriff of Cornwall is appointed by the Duke, not the monarch, in contrast to the other counties of England and Wales. The Duke has the right to the estates of all those who die without named heirs (Bona Vacantia) in the whole of Cornwall. Bona vacantia ( Latin for "vacant goods" is a Common law Doctrine in the United Kingdom under which ownerless property passes by law A sturgeon caught in Cornwall is ceremonially offered to the Duke. Sturgeon is the Common name used for some 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae, including the genera Acipenser, The Duke has right of wreck on all ships wrecked on Cornish shores. The jus or ius naufragii (right of shipwreck sometimes lex naufragii (law of shipwreck was a Medieval custom (never
In 2003, the Duchy earned £9,943,000, a sum that was exempt from income tax, though the Prince of Wales chose to pay the tax voluntarily. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Arms
The Arms of the Duke of Cornwall are "sable fifteen bezants Or", that is, a black field bearing fifteen gold circles, representing coins. SABLE is an XML Markup language used to annotate texts for Speech synthesis. Bezant is a Medieval name for a Gold coin. Gold coins were not minted in early medieval Western Europe, Silver and Bronze being the A small shield bearing these arms appears on the Prince of Wales' heraldic achievement, below the main shield. This symbol is also used by Cornwall County Council to represent Cornwall.
List of the Dukes of Cornwall
Holders of the Dukedom of Cornwall, with the processes by which they became dukes of Cornwall and by which they ceased to hold the title:
| Duke of Cornwall | Parent | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| Edward, the Black Prince | Edward III | 1337 (Parliament) | 1376 (death) |
| Richard of Bordeaux | Edward, the Black Prince | 1376 (charter) | 1377 (acceded as Richard II) |
| Henry of Monmouth | Henry IV | 1399 (Parliament) | 1413 (acceded as Henry V) |
| Henry | Henry V | 1421 (birth) | 1422 (acceded as Henry VI) |
| Edward of Westminster | Henry VI | 1453 (birth) | 1471 (death) |
| Edward Plantagenet | Edward IV | 1470 (charter) | 1483 (acceded as Edward V) |
| Edward of Middleham | Richard III | 1483 (father's accession) | 1484 (death) |
| Arthur Tudor | Henry VII | 1486 (birth) | 1502 (death) |
| Henry Tudor, Duke of York | Henry VII | 1502 (death of brother Arthur) | 1509 (acceded as Henry VIII) |
| Henry | Henry VIII | 1511 (birth) | 1511 (death) |
| Henry | Henry VIII | 1514 (birth) | 1514 (death) |
| Henry | Henry VIII | 1534 (birth) | 1534 (death) |
| "Edward" | Henry VIII | 1536 (birth) | 1536 (death) |
| Edward Tudor | Henry VIII | 1537 (birth) | 1547 (acceded as Edward VI) |
| Henry, Duke of Rothesay | James I | 1603 (father's accession) | 1612 (death) |
| Charles Stuart, Duke of York | James I | 1612 (death of brother Henry) | 1625 (acceded as Charles I) |
| Charles James Stuart | Charles I | 1629 (birth) | 1629 (death) |
| Charles Stuart | Charles I | 1630 (birth) | 1649 (acceded as Charles II) |
| James Francis Edward Stuart | James II | 1688 (birth) | 1702 (attainted) |
| George Augustus | George I | 1714 (father's accession) | 1727 (acceded as George II) |
| Frederick Louis | George II | 1727 (father's accession) | 1751 (death) |
| George Augustus Frederick | George III | 1762 (birth) | 1820 (acceded as George IV) |
| Albert Edward | Victoria I | 1841 (birth) | 1901 (acceded as Edward VII) |
| George | Edward VII | 1901 (father's accession) | 1910 (acceded as George V) |
| Edward | George V | 1910 (father's accession) | 1936 (acceded as Edward VIII) |
| Charles | Elizabeth II | 1952 (mother's accession) | Current |
Additional details appear in Cokayne, George Edward, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, A. Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376 popularly known as The Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom Edward of Westminster, also known as Edward of Lancaster ( 13 October 1453 &ndash 4 May 1471) was the only Prince of Wales Edward V ( 4 November 1470 &ndash 1483? was the King of England from 9 April 1483 until his deposition two months later Edward of Middleham, also known as Edward Plantagenet (c 1473 &ndash 9 April 1484) was the only son of King Richard III of England Arthur Tudor (19 or 20 September 1486 - 2 April 1502 was the first son of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and therefore heir to the throne Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Henry Duke of Cornwall was the name of two sons of King Henry VIII of England and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Henry Duke of Cornwall was the name of two sons of King Henry VIII of England and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Edward VI (12 October 1537 &ndash 6 July 1553 became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine For other people known as Henry Prince of Wales see Henry Prince of Wales. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the George II (George Augustus 10 November 1683 &ndash 25 October 1760 was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( The Prince Frederick Prince of Wales (Frederick Louis 1 February 1707 &ndash 31 March 1751) was a member of the Hanoverian and Sutton, Gloucester, 1982. [orig. 13 volumes, published by The St. Catherine Press Ltd, London, England from 1910-1959; reprinted in microprint: 13 vol. in 6, Gloucester: A. Sutton, 1982 ]
See also
- Earl of Cornwall
- Cornwall
- Duchy of Cornwall
- Duke of Rothesay
- Duchess of Cornwall
- List of topics related to Cornwall
External links
- The Duchy of Cornwall at The Prince of Wales's website
- Duchy Originals the Duchy's organic produce brand
- Guardian Unlimited article
- Tyr Gwyr Gweryn Information on the Duchy of Cornwall
- Celtic Frontier or County Boundary? Competing discourses of a late nineteenth century British border
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