A dugout is a boat which is basically a hollowed tree trunk. A boat is a Watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water and provide transport over it Other names for this type of boat are logboat and monoxylon. Monoxylon (pl: monoxyla) is Greek -- mono (single) + xylon (tree) -- and is mostly used in classic Greek texts.
Dugouts are the oldest boats archaeologists have found. In Germany they are called Einbaum (English translation: One tree). Einbaum dug-out boat finds in Germany date back to the Stone Age. The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking Along with bark and hide canoes, these dugout boats were used by American Indians. A canoe is a small narrow Boat, typically human-powered though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. This is probably because they are made of massive pieces of wood, which tend to preserve better than, e. g. , bark canoes. A canoe is a small narrow Boat, typically human-powered though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors
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Construction
Construction of a dugout begins with the selection of a log of suitable dimensions. Sufficient wood needed to be removed to make the vessel relatively light in weight and buoyant, yet still strong enough to support the crew and cargo. Specific types of wood were often preferred based on their strength, durability, and weight. The shape of the boat is then fashioned to minimize drag, with sharp ends at the bow and stern.
First the bark is removed from the exterior. Before the appearance of metal tools, dugouts were hollowed-out using controlled fires. The burnt wood was then removed using an adze. An adze or adz (ædz is a tool used for smoothing rough-cut Wood in hand Woodworking. Another method using tools is to chop out parallel notches across the interior span of the wood, then split out and remove the wood from between the notches. Once hollowed out, the interior was dressed and smoothed out with a knife or adze.
For travel in the rougher waters of the ocean, dugouts can be fitted with outriggers. One or two smaller logs are mounted parallel to the main hull by long poles. In the case of two outriggers, one is mounted to either side of the hull.
It was primarily the duty of men and boys to oversee the construction of these craft, using such woodworking tools as chisels, gouges, wedges, and adzes.
Africa
The well-watered tropical rainforest and woodland regions of sub-Saharan Africa provide both the waterways and the trees for dugout canoes, which are commonplace from the Limpopo River basin in the south through East and Central Africa and across to West Africa. Tropical rainforests are generally found near the Equator. They are common in Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, Central Miombo is the Swahili word for Brachystegia, a genus of tree comprising a large number of species East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. Central Africa is a core Region of the African Continent often considered to include Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. African Teak is the timber favoured for their construction, though this comprises a number of different species, and is in short supply in some areas. UserPolbot. -->The African Teak, Afromosia, or Afrormosia ( Pericopsis elata) is a species Dugouts are paddled across deep lakes and rivers or punted through channels in swamps (see makoro) or in shallow areas, and are used for transport, fishing and hunting, including, in the past, the very dangerous hunting of hippopotamus. A makoro (also spelt mekoro, mokoro) is a type of Canoe commonly used in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Water transport, and the many navigable inland waterways, in Zambia has a long tradition of practical use in Zambia except in parts of the south Dugouts are called pirogues in Francophone areas of Africa. A pirogue is a small flat-bottomed boat of a design associated particularly with West African fishermen and the Cajuns of the Louisiana marsh The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places
Eastern Europe
De Administrando Imperio details how the Slavs built monoxyla that they sold to Vikings in Kiev. De Administrando Imperio is the commonly used Latin title of a scholarly work written in Greek, by the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the [1] These ships were then used in against Byzantium during the Rus'-Byzantine War of the ninth and tenth centuries. This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM They used dugouts to attack Constantinople and to withdraw into their lands with bewildering speed and mobility. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Hence, the name of Δρομίται ("people on the run") applied to the Rus in some Byzantine sources. The monoxyla were often accompanied by larger galleys, that served as command and control centres. Each Slavic dugout could hold from 40 to 70 warriors.
The Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host were also renowned for their artful use of dugouts, which issued from the Dnieper to raid the shores of the Black Sea in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern The Zaporozhian Cossacks (Запорожці Zaporozhtsi,were Cossacks who lived in Zaporizhia, in Central Ukraine For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Using small, shallow-draft, and highly manoeuvrable galleys known as chaiky, they moved swiftly across the Black Sea. A dugout is a Boat which is basically a hollowed tree trunk Other names for this type of boat are logboat and monoxylon. According to the Cossacks' own records, these vessels, carrying a 50 to 70 man crew, could reach the Anatolian coast of Asia Minor from the mouth of the Dnieper River in forty hours. Berezan (Березань is an island in the Black Sea at the entrance of the Dnieper - Bug Estuary, Ukraine.
Indigenous Peoples of North America
The Indigenous of the Pacific Northwest are very skilled at crafting wood. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America (the term refers to the land not the ocean Best known for totem poles up to 80 feet tall, they also construct dugout canoes over 60 feet long for everyday use and ceremonial purposes. [2]
In 1978 Geordie Tochler and two companions, sailed a 3½ ton, 40 foot (12 metre) dugout canoe (the "Orenda II"), made of Douglas Fir, and based on Haida designs (but with sails), from Vancouver, Canada to Hawaii to add credibility to stories that the Haida had travelled to Hawaii in ancient times. Douglas-fir is the common name applied to coniferous Trees of the Genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. The Haida (19th C-early 20th C Indigenous nation of the west coast of North America. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Altogether they travelled some 4,500 miles (7,242 km) after two months at sea. [3][4]
Dugout canoes were constructed throughout the Americas where suitable logs were available.
United Kingdom
The Iron Age residents of Great Britain were known to have used logboats for fishing and basic trade. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands In 1964, a logboat was uncovered in Poole Harbour, Dorset. Poole Harbour is a large natural Harbour in Dorset, southern England, with the town of Poole on its shores Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast The Poole Logboat dated to 300 BC was large enough to accommodate 18 people and was constructed from a giant Oak tree. The Poole Logboat is an ancient Logboat made from a single Oak tree. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin It is currently located in the Poole Museum. Poole ( is a large coastal town and seaport in Dorset on the south coast of England
Pacific Islands
- See also Māori migration canoes, Waka
In the Pacific Islands, dugout canoes are very large, made from whole mature trees and fitted with outriggers for increased stability in the ocean, and were once used for long-distance travel. Various Māori traditions recount how their ancestors set out from a mythical homeland in great ocean-going canoes (or waka) In the Māori language and New Zealand English, waka (IPAwɔka are Māori watercraft usually Canoes ranging in size from small unornamented The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions An outrigger is a part of a boat's Rigging which is rigid and extends beyond the side or Gunwale of a boat Such are the very large waka used by Māori who ventured to New Zealand many centuries ago. In the Māori language and New Zealand English, waka (IPAwɔka are Māori watercraft usually Canoes ranging in size from small unornamented This article discusses the Māori people of New Zealand For their language see Māori language, and for other meanings see Māori (disambiguation. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Such vessels carried 40 to 80 warriors in sheltered waters or smaller numbers thousands of miles across the Pacific ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions In Hawaii, canoes are traditionally manufactured from the trunk of the koa tree. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The koa ( Acacia koa; Family Fabaceae) is a large tree endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, primarily Hawai{{okina}}i, Maui They typically carry a crew of six: one steersman and five paddlers.
Biuki Gasa and John F. Maroons redirects here and may refer to Queensland state rugby league team. Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by Kennedy's PT-109
In World War II, the Solomon Islanders were (and still are) using dugout canoes to travel between Japanese occupied islands. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Solomon Islands is a country in Melanesia, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands After an Australian observer saw the explosion of the torpedo boat PT-109 after it was rammed by a Japanese destroyer, he dispatched native scouts in search of survivors, even though the U. Specifications PT-109 belonged to the PT 103 class hundreds of which were completed between 1942 and 1945 by Elco. S. Navy had given them up as lost. Biuki Gasa would be recognized as one of the first two islanders to reach the shipwrecked John F. Kennedy, and deliver a message inscribed on a coconut (later displayed on the president's desk, and now in the John. Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana were Solomon Islands natives of Melanesian descent who discovered John F John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of F. Kennedy presidential library) by dugout canoe at risk of capture by Japanese authorities to the nearest allied base. These canoes with their small visual and noise signatures would be among the smallest boats used by the Allied forces in World War II. Gasa would be invited to Kennedy's inauguration only to be turned back by a clerk who did not understand his language. Gasa's village would construct a special canoe to send back with the National Geographic crew to present to the people of the USA so that they would remember this incident.
References
- ^ Excerpt from the "De Administrando Imperio" with self-study questions.
- ^ [1] Pacific Northwest Coastal Indians website
- ^ Robert Stall, "A man, a tree and an ocean to cross. " Maclean's magazine, March 5, 1979, pp. 4-6.
- ^ Peter Speck. "Orenda recalled. " North Shore News. November 22, 1978, pp. 2 and 12.
External links
- Fundamental origins of ship types
- Ship replicas in the world
- How to Make A Dugout Canoe
- For more information on Tocher's voyage
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