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The Duchy of Teschen or Duchy of Cieszyn or Duchy of Těšín (Czech: Těšínské knížectví; German: Herzogtum Teschen; Latin: Ducatus Tessinensis; Polish: Księstwo Cieszyńskie), was an independent duchy centered on Teschen (Cieszyn) in Upper Silesia, one of Duchies of Silesia. Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess. Cieszyn Lublin Voivodeship Cieszyn (Těšín Teschen is a town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part The Duchies of Silesia resulted from divisions of the original Duchy of Silesia after 1138.
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History
The duchy shared the history of Cieszyn Silesia, and also in part Silesia in general; after the feudal division of Poland it was split off in 1281 and ruled by Silesian dukes from the Piast dynasty since 1290. In the first centuries of its existence the Polish nation was led by a series of strong rulers who converted the Poles to Christendom, created a strong Central European Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko [1] The Duchy of Teschen was also composed of smaller Duchies at various points of time, such as Duchy of Oświęcim or Duchy of Zator. The Duchy of Oświęcim, or the Duchy of Auschwitz, was one of many Duchies of Silesia, formed in the aftermath of the Fragmentation of Poland. The Duchy of Zator was one of many Duchies of Silesia. In 1454 the Duchy of Zator with its capital in Zator, was split from the lands of Duchy of Oświęcim The Duchy of Oświęcim was split from Duchy of Teschen around 1315 (The Duchy of Zator in turn split from the Duchy of Oświęcim in 1454).
In 1327 Casimir I, Duke of Teschen, swore a homage to the Bohemian king John of Luxembourg. For other related uses see Commendation ceremony and Homage (disambiguation Homage in the Middle Ages was the ceremony John the Blind ( Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg Since then, Duchy became an autonomic fiefdom of the Bohemian crown. Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing [2] Local Piast rulers often possessed other lands outside the Duchy of Teschen itself, in some periods of time. They for example owned Siewierz, half of Głogów and some land around Bytom. Siewierz is a Town in the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. History In history Sewerien was first mentioned in 1125 which was administered Głogów (Hlohov (rare Glogau rarely Groß-Glogau) is a Town in southwestern Poland. Bytom (Beuthen is a City in southern Poland with 188234 inhabitants (2007 After the death of Boleslaus I in 1431, the rule over the duchy was shared by his wife Eufemia and their four sons. Bolesław I (Boleslav I Boleslaus I (after 1363 - 6 May 1431 was the fourth Duke of Cieszyn. [3] In 1442 the duchy was divided between sons who were all formally Dukes of Teschen but the real control over the duchy gained Boleslaus II and Przemyslaus II who after the death of Boleslaus II in 1452 ruled alone. Bolesław II (Boleslav II Boleslaus II (around 1425 - 8 October 1452 was the Duke of Cieszyn. During the reign of Wenceslaus III Adam the duchy shifted to Protestantism according to the cuius regio, eius religio rule. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Cuius regio eius religio is a phrase in Latin that means "Whose region his Religion " However next duke, Adam Wenceslaus shifted back to Roman Catholicism. The Piast's rule continued to 1653 to death of the last Piast descendant, Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Teschen.
From 1653 it was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty. In the early 18th century, it was given to Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, as compensation for his maternal grandmother's rights to the north-Italian Duchy of Montferrat, which the emperor had taken and given to the Dukes of Savoy as part of their pacts of alliance. See Leopold Joseph for similarly named royalty Leopold Joseph called le bon (the good) ( Innsbruck, September 11 Montferrat (in Piemontèis, Monfrà; in Italian, Monferrato) is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. Emperor Francis I later granted it to his eldest surviving daughter, Maria Christina, who married Prince Albert of Saxony, who thus became known colloquially as the Duke of Saxe-Teschen. Early life He was born in Nancy, Lorraine (now in France) the oldest surviving son of Leopold Joseph, duke of Lorraine and his wife Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia von Habsburg-Lothringen ( 13 May 1742 - 24 June 1798) (→ Family Tree) called "Mimi" Prince Albert Casimir August of Saxony, Duke of Teschen ( 11 July 1738 in the Moritzburg near Dresden - 10 February Although most of Silesia passed to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1742 during the First Silesian War, Teschen remained under Austrian control as part of Austrian Silesia. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Silesian Wars were a series of wars between Prussia and Austria (and their changing allies for control of Silesia. See also Duchy of Silesia. The Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia (Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien was an autonomous region of the Albert and Maria Christina's marriage remained childless, and upon the death of the widowed Albert, Duchy passed to their adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, who became Duke of Teschen and started the Habsburg-Lorraine branch of Dukes of Teschen. Archduke Charles of Austria Duke of Teschen ( de: Erzherzog Karl von Österreich Herzog von Teschen, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen It passed down his line and was inherited by his eldest son, Albert Frederick. Erzherzog Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik, Herzog von Teschen ( Duke of Teschen) (b At his death in 1895, it passed into the hands of his nephew, the Archduke Frederick Maria. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl Archduke and Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Duke of Teschen (In
The Duchy of Teschen became part of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and Austria-Hungary in 1867. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. At the end of World War I, local Polish and Czech self-governments were established and the duchy was divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia by the decision of Spa Conference in July 1920. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Spa Conference was a meeting between the members of the Entente, and of Poland, Germany, and Czechoslovakia that took place in the town of Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar
Demographics
According to the Austro-Hungarian census taken in 1910, the duchy had 434,000 inhabitants, among them 234,000 (53. 9%) Polish-speaking, 116,000 (26. 7%) Czech-speaking, 77,000 (17. 7%) German-speaking, and 7,000 (1. 6%) others.
Dukes of Teschen
Piast dynasty
- 1290–1315 Mieszko I
- 1315–1358 Casimir I
- 1358–1410 Przemyslaus I Noszak
- 1410–1431 Boleslaus I
- 1431–1442 Euphemia and her sons: Wenceslaus I, Boleslaus II, Władysław, and Przemyslaus II
- 1442–1452 Przemyslaus II and Boleslaus II
- 1452-1477 Przemyslaus II
- 1477–1528 Casimir II
- 1528–1579 Wenceslaus III Adam
- 1579–1617 Adam Wenceslaus
- 1617–1625 Frederick William
- 1625–1653 Elizabeth Lucretia
Habsburg dynasty
- 1653-1654 King Ferdinand IV of Hungary
- 1654-1657 Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III
- 1657-1705 Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I
- 1705-1711 Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I
- 1711-1722 Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI
- 1722-1729 Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
- 1729-1765 Holy Roman Emperor Francis I
- 1765-1766 Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II
- 1766-1822 Archduchess Maria Christina and Prince Albert of Saxony
- 1822-1847 Archduke Charles
- 1847-1895 Archduke Albert
- 1895-1918 Archduke Frederick
Footnotes
- ^ Panic 2002, 6. Johann Baptist Homann ( 20 March 1664 &ndash 1 July 1724) was a German Geographer and cartographer, who Ferdinand IV ( September 8, 1633 - July 9, 1654) was King of the Romans, of Hungary, and of Bohemia. Life Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II from the house of Habsburg and his first wife Maria Anna of Bavaria. Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. Joseph I ( July 26, 1678 &ndash April 17, 1711) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia and Archduke of Austria Charles VI (German Karl VI) ( October 1, 1685 &ndash October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia See Leopold Joseph for similarly named royalty Leopold Joseph called le bon (the good) ( Innsbruck, September 11 Early life He was born in Nancy, Lorraine (now in France) the oldest surviving son of Leopold Joseph, duke of Lorraine and his wife Heir and co-regent Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession. Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia von Habsburg-Lothringen ( 13 May 1742 - 24 June 1798) (→ Family Tree) called "Mimi" Prince Albert Casimir August of Saxony, Duke of Teschen ( 11 July 1738 in the Moritzburg near Dresden - 10 February Archduke Charles of Austria Duke of Teschen ( de: Erzherzog Karl von Österreich Herzog von Teschen, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen Erzherzog Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik, Herzog von Teschen ( Duke of Teschen) (b Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl Archduke and Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Duke of Teschen (In
- ^ Panic 2002, 7.
- ^ Panic 2002, 16.
References
- Biermann, Gottlieb (1894). Geschichte des Herzogthums Teschen, 2nd edition (in German), Teschen: Verlag und Hofbuchhandlung Karl Prochaska. Teschen is the German name of a town on the Olza River now divided into the towns of Cieszyn, Poland, and Český Těšín, Czech Republic OCLC 34926439. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- Panic, Idzi (2002). Poczet Piastów i Piastówien cieszyńskich (in Polish). Cieszyn: Urząd Miejski. Cieszyn Lublin Voivodeship Cieszyn (Těšín Teschen is a town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. ISBN 83-917095-4-X. OCLC 55650394. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
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