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The independent Duchy of Spoleto was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard dux Faroald. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Kingdom of the Lombards or Lombard Kingdom of Italy was an early medieval state on the Italian Peninsula. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital For the festival in South Carolina see Spoleto Festival USA. Spoleto ( Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince The Kingdom of the Lombards or Lombard Kingdom of Italy was an early medieval state on the Italian Peninsula. Events By Place Europe Spoleto becomes the capital of an independent duchy under the Lombard chieftain Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Events April 14 - Charlemagne spends Easter in Treviso after putting down a revolt by Friuli and Spoleto removing Hrodgaud the Duke of Friuli from Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " Events By Place Europe February 14 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German sign a treaty Events By Topic Science 1 February — Belgian Astronomer Jean Meeus (b The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was an 11th century dispute between Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VII over The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Otto IV of Brunswick (1175 or 1176 – May 19, 1218) was one of two rival kings of the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 on sole king from 1208 on and emperor The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Central Italy is a geographic area in Italy that encompasses four of the country's 20 autonomous regions: Lazio Marches Dux (plural duces) is Latin for leader (from the verb ducere, 'to lead' and could refer to anyone who commanded troops such
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Lombards
The Lombards, a Germanic people, had invaded Italy in 568 and conquered much of it, establishing a Kingdom divided between several dukes dependent on the King, who had established his seat in Pavia in 572. Events By Place Europe April 1 — King Alboin leads the Lombards into Italy refugees fleeing from them go on The Kingdom of the Lombards or Lombard Kingdom of Italy was an early medieval state on the Italian Peninsula. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire begins a war with Persia. In the following years they also conquered much of southern and central Italy, conquering the important hub of Spoleto, in what is now Umbria, in 570. For the festival in South Carolina see Spoleto Festival USA. Spoleto ( Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Perugia. Events By Place Europe Spoleto becomes the capital of an independent duchy under the Lombard chieftain
A decade of interregnum after the death of Alboin's successor (574), however, left the Lombard dukes (especially the southern ones) well settled in their new territories and quite independent of the Lombard kings at Pavia. The Rule of the Dukes was an Interregnum in the Lombard Kingdom of Italy (574/5&ndash584/5 during which Italy was ruled by the Lombard Dukes Alboin or Alboïn (died 572 or 573 was king of the Lombards, and conqueror of Italy. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Emperor Justin II retires choosing Tiberius II Constantine as his heir By 575 or 576 Faroald had seized Nursia and Spoleto, establishing his duchy and sponsoring an Arian bishop. Events By Place Europe The Kingdom of East Anglia is founded by the Angle groups "North Folk" and "South For the tv standard see 576i Events The Gokturks besiege Panticapaeum in the Crimea. Norcia is a town and Comune in the Province of Perugia ( Italy) in southeastern Umbria, located in a wide plain abutting the Monti Arianism is the theological teaching of Arius (c AD 250-336 who was ruled a heretic by the Christian church at the Council of Nicea. Within Spoleto, the Roman capitolium dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva had already been occupied by the bishop's cathedral (the see was founded in the 4th century) which incorporated the pagan structure (now the church of San Ansano). The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome. In Roman mythology, Jupiter was the king of the gods and the god of Sky and Thunder. Juno was the protector and special counselor of the Roman state The MInisterial NEtwoRk for Valorising Activities in digitisation, or MINERVA, is a European Union organization concerned with the digitisation of cultural and Spoleto Cathedral, also known as Duomo or Santa Maria dell'Assunta, is the main monument of the Umbrian city of Spoleto in Italy. The Lombard dukes restored the fortifications of the high rocca, whose walls had been dismantled by Totila during the Gothic War. Totila (died Jul 1 552) was king of the Ostrogoths from 541 until his death See Gothic War (376-382 for the war on the Danube The Gothic War was a war fought in Italy and the adjoining regions of Dalmatia, Sardinia
The dukes of Spoleto waged intermittent war with the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna, and Spoleto's territories fluctuated with the fortunes of the times over much of Umbria, Lazio, the Marche and the Abruzzi. The Exarchate of Ravenna or of Italy was a centre of Byzantine power in Italy, from the end of the 6th century to 751, when the Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Perugia. For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Never as important as the Duchy of Benevento, Spoleto has a fairly obscure spot in Lombard history, nevertheless. The Duchy and later Principality of Benevento was the southernmost Lombard duchy in medieval Italy centred on Benevento, a city central in the Mezzogiorno Its second Duke Ariulf made frequent expeditions against the Byzantines (579–592 against Ravenna; 592 against Rome). Ariulf (died 602 was the second Duke of Spoleto from 592 (the death of Faroald) to his own death Deaths February — Khosrau I, king of Persia Pope Benedict I Theodric, king of Bernicia Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire regains Singidunum from the Avars. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire regains Singidunum from the Avars. Ariulf was succeeded by Theudelapius, son of Faroald, whom the Catholic Encyclopedia credits with the first building of the present cathedral. Theodelap (or Theudelapius) was one of the sons of Faroald, the first Duke of Spoleto. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia Then came Atto (653), Thrasimund I (663), and Faroald II (703), who ruled conjointly with his brother Wachilap. Atto or Hatto was the Duke of Spoleto from 653 to 663 the successor of Theodelap. Events Sigeberht II the Good succeeds Sigeberht I the Little as king of Essex. Thrasimund I or Transamund I was the Count of Capua and then Duke of Spoleto (663 &ndash 703 a faithful follower of Grimoald I of Benevento Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Constans II invades south Italy. Faroald II (also spelled Faruald) was the Duke of Spoleto from 703 when he succeeded his own father Thrasimund I. Events Births An Lushan, military leader during the Tang Dynasty (d Faroald II captured Classis, the port of Ravenna, according to Paul the Deacon's History of the Lombards: "In that time too Faroald, the first dux of the Spoletans, invading Classis with an army of Lombards, left the wealthy city despoiled and bare of all its riches. Paul the Deacon (c 720 &ndash 13 April probably 799 also known as Paulus Diaconus, Warnefred and Cassinensis (i " He was then obliged by the Lombard king Liutprand to restore it, a measure of the loose central control of Lombard rule that Liutprand was occupied in tightening, at least as Paul interpreted events for his Frankish patrons. Liutprand was the king of the Lombards from 712 to 744 and is chiefly remembered for his Donation of Sutri, in 728 and his long reign which brought him into a series At Spoleto Faroald was deposed by his son Transemund II (724), who also rebelled against Liutprand and formed an alliance with Pope Gregory III, who sheltered him in Rome in 738. For the area code see Area code 724 Events By Place Asia Emperor Shōmu succeeds Empress Genshō Gregory III (died November 29, 741) was Pope from 731 to 741 A Syrian by birth he succeeded Gregory II in March 731 Ilderic, who had replaced him as duke, was slain by Transemund in 740, but in 742 Transemund was forcibly retired to a monastery by Liutprand, who conferred the duchy that he had rewon by force of arms upon Agiprand (742). This is about the year in the Gregorian Calendar Events By Place Europe October 26 — An Earthquake strikes Events By Place Asia Chinese poet Li Po is presented before the emperor and given a position in the Imperial court (approximate date By the time of Liutprand's death (744), Spoleto was more securely in central control from Pavia, and Theodicus succeeded peaceably. Three 8th century dukes were Kings of the Lombards, a sign that in that period Spoleto was linked more closely to the kingdom than was Benevento. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from
Imperial fief
In 776, two years after the fall of Beneventum, Spoleto fell likewise to Charlemagne, who assumed the title King of the Lombards. Events April 14 - Charlemagne spends Easter in Treviso after putting down a revolt by Friuli and Spoleto removing Hrodgaud the Duke of Friuli from Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Though he granted the territory to the Church, he retained the right to name its dukes, an important concession that can be compared to the as-yet uncontested Imperial right to invest territorial bishops, and perhaps at times a matter of contention between Emperor and Papacy, for Pope Adrian I had recently named a duke of Spoleto. Pope Adrian, or Hadrian I, (d December 25, 795) was Pope from February 9 772 to December 25 795
In 842 the former duchy was resurrected by the Franks to be held as a Frankish border territory by a dependent margrave. Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " Among the more outstanding of the Frankish dukes, Guido I divided the duchy between his two sons Lambert and Guido II, who received as his share the lordship of Camerino, which was made a duchy. Guy of Spoleto (died 12 December 894) sometimes known by the Italian version of his name Guido, or by the German version Wido, was the Camerino is small town of 7000 inhabitants in the Marches ( Marche region in the Province of Macerata, Italy. Lambert was a doughty fighter against Saracen raiders, but who equally massacred Byzantines (as in 867), and was deposed in 871, restored in 876, and finally excommunicated by Pope John VIII. Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. Events By Place Byzantine Empire September — Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Events By Place Europe Nine battles are fought between the Danes and Wessex. Events Births Deaths Louis the German, King of East Francia Map-bms876 Simple876 Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community John VIII was Pope from December 13, 872 to December 16, 882. In 883 Guido II reunited the dukedom, henceforth as the Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino. Events By Place Asia The Zanj of East Africa are crushed Europe Oldest known mention of After the death of Charles the Fat in 888, Guido had himself crowned Roman Emperor and King of Italy by Pope Stephen V (891). Charles the Fat (Carolus Pinguis 13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876 King of Italy from This article is about the year AD 888 For other uses see 888 (disambiguation. Pope Stephen V, (885-891 succeeded Pope Adrian III, and was in turn succeeded by Pope Formosus. Events By Place Europe Arnulf of Carinthia defeats the Normans at the Battle of Leuven. The following year Pope Formosus crowned Guido's son Lambert II as duke, king and emperor. Formosus (c 816 in Ostia &ndash896 was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 891 to 896 Lambert II (c 880 &ndash 15 October 898) was the King of Italy from 891 Holy Roman Emperor, co-ruling with his father from 892 and Duke
The dukes of Spoleto continued to intervene in the violent politics of Rome. Alberico I, Duke of Camerino (897), and afterwards of Spoleto, married the notorious Roman noblewoman Marozia, mistress of Pope Sergius III (904–911), and was killed by the Romans in 924. Camerino is small town of 7000 inhabitants in the Marches ( Marche region in the Province of Macerata, Italy. Marozia, born Maria and also known as Mariuccia or Mariozza (c Sergius III was a Pope of the Roman Catholic Church in two intervals (between 897 and April 14, 911) Events By Place Europe The Royal Mint is founded in England Thessalonica is sacked by the Saracens under Events By Place Europe Autumn — Charles the Simple agrees to the Treaty of St For the automobile see Porsche 924. Events By Place Europe King Athelstan succeeds to the throne of Mercia His son Alberico II overthrew the senatrix in 932 though her son, his half-brother, was Pope John XII. Events By Place Europe St Ursenstift is founded by the Burgundian Queen Bertha in Solothurn. John XII (c 937&ndash May 14, 964) was Pope from December 16, 955 to May 14, 964. About 949 Berengar II, the Frankish King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor, retook Spoleto from its final margrave. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states
At this time the Emperor Otto I detached from the Duchy of Spoleto the lands called Sabina Langobardica and presented them to the Holy See. Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke Now the control of Spoleto became increasingly a gift of the Emperors. In 967, Otto II briefly united the Duchy of Spoleto with that of Capua and Benevento, which was then ruled by Pandolfo Testa di Ferro; but after Pandolfo's death he detached Spoleto, which in 989 he granted to Hugo, Margrave of Tuscany. 967 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe The Bishopric of Merseburg is formed in Saxony Pandulf I Ironhead (died March 981 was the Prince of Benevento and Capua from 943 (or 944 until his death Events By Topic Education Sankore University is founded in Timbuktu. Hugh the Great (also Hugo or Ugo; c 950&ndash 21 December 1001) was the Margrave of Tuscany from 961 to his death and Duke of The duchy was united with Tuscany a second time in 1057, when Godfrey of Lorraine espoused Beatrice, the widow of Boniface, Duke of Spoleto, and it remained so until the death of the Countess Matilda. Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Godfrey III (c 997&ndash1069 called the Bearded, was the eldest son of Gothelo I, duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine. Matilda of Canossa ( Italian: Matilde, Latin: Mathilde; 1046 &ndash 24 July 1115) called la Gran Contessa
During the Investiture controversy with the papacy the Emperor Henry IV named other dukes of Spoleto. The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was an 11th century dispute between Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VII over Henry IV ( November 11, 1050 &ndash August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until After this the dukedom was in the family of the Werner (Guarnieri) of Urslingen, Margraves of Ancona. The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Ancona (Ankon is a city and a seaport in the Marche, a region of central Italy, population 101909 (2005 The city was destroyed by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1155, but was soon rebuilt. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned In 1158 the emperor gave the duchy to Guelf VI of Este; Henry VI invested Conrad of Urslingen with it, upon whose death in 1198 it was ceded to Pope Innocent III, but then was occupied by Otto of Brunswick in 1209, who made Dipold von Vohburg duke. Welf VI (1115 &ndash 15 December 1191) was the Margrave of Tuscany (1152&ndash1162 and Duke of Spoleto (1152&ndash1162 the third son of Pope Innocent III ( February 22, 1161 &ndash June 16, 1216) born Lotario de' Conti di Segni, was Pope from January Otto IV of Brunswick (1175 or 1176 – May 19, 1218) was one of two rival kings of the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 on sole king from 1208 on and emperor
Papal fief
Otto made a gift of Imperial rights in Spoleto to the Papal States in 1201, and soon afterward (1213), the duchy was brought under direct papal rule with a governor, usually a cardinal, though it remained a pawn in the struggles of Frederick II until the extinction of the Hohenstaufen. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title
The territories of Spoleto were annexed to the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. The title of Duchy of Spoleto was later used by members of the House of Savoy. The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region
See also
External links
- Lombard Dukes of Spoleto, 570–774 from The History Files
- Spoleto on the Catholic Encyclopedia, shoing a somewhat different list of dukes, working no doubt from the Liber Pontificalis
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