| Dubai إمارة دبيّ |
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| — Emirate — | |||
| Emirate of Dubai | |||
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  Dubai
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| Country | United Arab Emirates | ||
| Emirate | Dubai | ||
| Incorporated (town) | June 9, 1833 | ||
| Incorporated (emirate) | December 2, 1971 | ||
| Founder | Maktoum bin Bati bin Suhail (1833) | ||
| Seat | Dubai | ||
| Subdivisions | |||
| Government | |||
| - Type | Constitutional monarchy | ||
| - Emir | Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum | ||
| - Crown Prince | Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum | ||
| Area [1] | |||
| - Emirate | 4,114 km² (1,588. An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arab Monarch styled Emir. E 11 (in Arabic: شارع ﺇ ١١) is a highway in the United Arab Emirates. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arab Monarch styled Emir. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Al Maktoum (آل مكتوم in Arabic) is the family name of the ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. Jebel Ali (جبل علي is a Port town located 35 Kilometres southwest of the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE Hatta is a town (which includes a reconstructed heritage village by the same name in the Hatta mountains in the north of the emirate of Dubai. Al Aweer is a suburb of Dubai, about 35 kilometres from the city centre Al Shindagha (الشندغة sometimes spelled Al Shindagah or Al Shindaga, is a neighbourhood in the traditional centre of the city of Dubai in the Hor Al Anz (هور العنز) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Emir ( Arabic: ar أمير;, female أميرة; emira;) ( Farsi and Urdu: امیر) Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum ( Arabic محمد بن راشد المكتوم) also Sheikh Mohammed ( Honourific) (born July 22, Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum (born November 13, 1982) is the Crown Prince of Dubai and the second eldest son of Sheikh Mohammed Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arab Monarch styled Emir. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 1,287. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km² (497. 1 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2008)[2] | |||
| - Emirate | 2,261,995 | ||
| - Density | 408. An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arab Monarch styled Emir. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 18/km² (1,057. 2/sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 2,261,995 | ||
| - Nationality [3] | 42. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 3% Indian 17% Emirati 13. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Emirati people (إماراتي are citizens of the United Arab Emirates (UAE 3% Pakistani 9. Pakistan 's estimated population was 172800000 in July 2008 During 1950-2008 Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold while the total population increased by over fourfold 1% Arab (other) 7. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding 5% Bangladeshi 10. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially 8% Others |
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| Time zone | UAE standard time (UTC+4) | ||
| Website: Dubai Emirate Dubai Municipality |
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Dubai (in Arabic: دبيّ, transliteration: dubaīy) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and is one of the country's main cities, sometimes called "Dubai City" to distinguish it from the emirate. UTC+4 time zone is used as Moscow Summer Time Iraq Summer Time Azerbaijan Time Single zone countries Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Different approaches and methods for the Romanization of Arabic exist |||}The United Arab Emirates is composed of 7 Emirates ( imarat; singular imarah) See also ISO 3166-2AE
The modern emirate of Dubai was created consequent with the formation of the United Arab Emirates in 1971. However, written accounts documenting the existence of the city have existed at least 150 years prior to the formation of the UAE. Dubai shares legal, political, military and economic functions with the other emirates within a federal framework, although each emirate has jurisdiction over some functions such as civic law enforcement and provision and upkeep of local facilities. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area A federation ( Latin: foedus, covenant is a union comprising a number of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central ("federal" Dubai has the largest population and is the second largest emirate by area, after Abu Dhabi. [4] Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to possess veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature. A veto, Latin for "I forbid" is used to Denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of Legislation. The Federal National Council ( Arabic: المجلس الوطني الإتحادي al-Majlis al-Watani al-Ittihadi) is the Legislature of the United [5] Dubai has been ruled by the Al Maktoum dynasty since 1833. Al Maktoum (آل مكتوم in Arabic) is the family name of the ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The emirates' current ruler, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, is also the Prime Minister and Vice President of the UAE. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum ( Arabic محمد بن راشد المكتوم) also Sheikh Mohammed ( Honourific) (born July 22,
A majority of the emirate's revenues are from trade, manufacturing and financial services. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale Financial services refer to services provided by the finance industry. [6] Revenues from petroleum and natural gas contribute less than 6% (2006)[7] of Dubai's US$ 37 billion economy (2005). Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [8] Dubai has attracted world-wide attention through innovative real estate projects [9] and sports events. This increased attention, coinciding with its emergence as a world business hub, has also highlighted human rights issues concerning its largely foreign workforce. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled [10]
Contents |
Etymology
In the 1820s, Dubai was referred to as Al Wasl by British historians. British people, or Britons, are the native inhabitants of Great Britain and their descendants or citizens of the United Kingdom, of the However, few records pertaining to the cultural history of the UAE or its constituent emirates exist due to the region's vocal traditions in recording and passing down folklore and myth. |||}The United Arab Emirates is composed of 7 Emirates ( imarat; singular imarah) See also ISO 3166-2AE History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological See also Mythology Myth is derived from the Greek word μύθος mythos, which simply means 'story' The linguistic origins of the word Dubai are also in dispute, as some believe it to have originated from Persian, while some believe that Arabic is the linguistic root of the word. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language According to Fedel Handhal, researcher in the history and culture of the UAE, the word Dubai may have come from the word Daba (a derivative of Yadub), which means to creep; the word may be a reference to the flow of Dubai Creek inland. Dubai Creek or Khor Dubai (خور دبي) is a Saltwater creek located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE [11]
History
Very little is known about pre-Islamic culture in the south-east Arabian peninsula, except that many ancient towns in the area were trading centers between the Eastern and Western worlds. The history of Pre- Islamic Arabia before the rise of Islam in the 630s is not known in great detail The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various Cultures social structures and philosophical systems of " the East " The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings The remnants of an ancient mangrove swamp, dated at 7,000 years, were discovered during the construction of sewer lines near Dubai Internet City. Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. Dubai Internet City (DIC is an information Technology park created by the Government of Dubai as a Free economic zone and a strategic base for companies The area had been covered with sand about 5,000 years ago as the coastline retreated inland, becoming a part of the city's present coastline. [13] Prior to Islam, the people in this region worshiped Bajir (or Bajar). For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Bajir (alternatively Bajar or Bahar was a minor Deity worshiped by the Pre-Islamic Arabian tribe Azd. [14] The Byzantine and Sassanian empires constituted the great powers of the period, with the Sassanians controlling much of the region. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire After the spread of Islam in the region, the Umayyad Caliph, of the eastern Islamic world, invaded south-east Arabia and drove out the Sassanians. The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) Excavations undertaken by the Dubai Museum in the region of Al-Jumayra (Jumeirah) indicate the existence of several artifacts from the Umayyad period. Dubai Museum (متحف دبي is the main museum in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Jumeirah (جميرا is a coastal residential area in Dubai, United Arab Emirates mainly comprising low rise private dwellings [15] The earliest recorded mention of Dubai is in 1095, in the "Book of Geography" by the Spanish-Arab geographer Abu Abdullah al-Bakri. A geographer is a Scientist whose area of study is Geography, the study of Earth 's physical environment and Human habitat The Venetian pearl merchant Gaspero Balbi visited the area in 1580 and mentioned Dubai (Dibei) for its pearling industry. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the A pearl is a hard roundish object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled Mollusk. Pearl hunting or pearl diving refers to a now largely obsolete method of retrieving Pearls from Pearl oysters Freshwater pearl mussels and on [15] Documented records of the town of Dubai exist only after 1799. [16]
In the early 19th century, the Al Abu Falasa clan (House of Al-Falasi) of Bani Yas clan established Dubai, which remained a dependent of Abu Dhabi until 1833. The Al Maktoum family descends from the Al Bu Falasah (now known as Al-Falasi section of the Bani Yas, a highly respected and authoritative tribal federation that was the dominant Bani Yas is a Tribe in the United Arab Emirates. Al [17] On 8 January 1820, the sheikh of Dubai and other sheikhs in the region signed the "General Maritime Peace Treaty" with the British government. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Sheikh, also rendered as Sheik, Cheikh, Shaikh, and other variants ( Arabic:, shaykh [13] However, in 1833, the Al Maktoum dynasty (also descendants of the House of Al-Falasi) of the Bani Yas tribe left the settlement of Abu Dhabi and took over Dubai from the Abu Fasala clan without resistance. The Al Maktoum family descends from the Al Bu Falasah (now known as Al-Falasi section of the Bani Yas, a highly respected and authoritative tribal federation that was the dominant [17] Dubai came under the protection of the United Kingdom by the "Exclusive Agreement" of 1892, with the latter agreeing to protect Dubai against any attacks from the Ottoman Empire. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish [17] Two catastrophes struck the town during the mid 1800s. First, in 1841, a smallpox epidemic broke out in the Bur Dubai locality, forcing residents to relocate east to Deira. Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. Not to be confused with Burj Dubai. Bur Dubai (in Arabic: بر دبي,) is a historic district in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, located Deira (In Arabic: ديرة is an area in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates bordered by the Persian Gulf, Sharjah and Dubai Then, in 1894, fire swept through Deira, burning down most homes. [18] However, the town's geographical location continued to attract traders and merchants from around the region. The emir of Dubai was keen to attract foreign traders and lowered trade tax brackets, which lured traders away from Sharjah and Bandar Lengeh, which were the region's main trade hubs at the time. Bandar Lengeh is a Port city in the Hormozgan province of Iran on the coast of the Persian Gulf. [19][18]
Dubai's geographical proximity to India made it an important location. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The town of Dubai was an important port of call for foreign tradesmen, chiefly those from India, many of whom eventually settled in the town. Dubai was known for its pearl exports until the 1930s. However, Dubai's pearling industry was damaged irreparably by the events of the First World War, and later on by the Great Depression in the late 1920s. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Consequently, the city witnessed a mass migration of people to other parts of the Persian Gulf. [13] Since its inception, Dubai was constantly at odds with Abu Dhabi. In 1947, a border dispute between Dubai and Abu Dhabi on the northern sector of their mutual border, escalated into war between the two states. [20] Arbitration by the British and the creation of a buffer frontier running south eastwards from the coast at Ras Hasian resulted in a temporary cessation of hostilities. Arbitration, a form of Alternative dispute resolution (ADR is a legal technique for the resolution of Disputes outside the Courts wherein the [21] However, border disputes between the emirates continued even after the formation of the UAE; it was only in 1979 that a formal compromise was reached that ended hostilities and border disputes between the two states. [22] Electricity, telephone services and an airport were established in Dubai in the 1950s, when the British moved their local administrative offices from Sharjah to Dubai. Sharjah ( Arabic: الشارقة,, pronounced /'ʃɑɹdʒə/ in English) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE [23] In 1966 the town joined the newly independent country of Qatar to set up a new monetary unit, the Qatar/Dubai Riyal, after the deflation of the Gulf rupee. Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated The Riyal ( Arabic: ريال ISO 4217 code QAR) is the currency of Qatar. Deflation is the opposite of Inflation. Therefore under the usual contemporary definition of inflation 'deflation' means a decrease in the general price level. The Gulf rupee, also known as the Persian Gulf rupee ( ISO 4217 code XPGR) was a currency used in the countries of the Persian Gulf and the [16] Oil was discovered in Dubai the same year, after which the town granted concessions to international oil companies. The discovery of oil led to a massive influx of foreign workers, mainly Indians and Pakistanis. As a result, the population of the city from 1968 to 1975 grew by over 300%, by some estimates. [24]
On 2 December 1971 Dubai, together with Abu Dhabi and five other emirates, formed the United Arab Emirates after former protector Britain left the Persian Gulf in 1971. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the [25] In 1973, Dubai joined the other emirates to adopt a uniform currency: the UAE dirham. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The dirham (درهم ( sign: دإ; code: AED) is the currency of the United Arab Emirates. In the 1970s, Dubai continued to grow from revenues generated from oil and trade, even as the city saw an influx of Lebanese immigrants fleeing the civil war in Lebanon. The Lebanese people ( الشعب اللبناني, el shaab el libnene) are a Middle Eastern people originating in the country of Lebanon The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية [26] The Jebel Ali Free Zone, comprising the Jebel Ali port (reputedly the world's largest man made port) was established in 1979, which provided foreign companies unrestricted import of labour and export capital. Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZ Arabic: المنطقة الحرّة في جبل علي al-Minṭaqat al-Ḥurrat fī Jabal ʿAlī is a Free economic zone Jebel Ali (جبل علي is a Port town located 35 Kilometres southwest of the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE [27]
The Persian Gulf War of 1990 had a huge impact on the city. Economically, Dubai banks experienced a massive withdrawal of funds due to uncertain political conditions in the region. During the course of the 1990s, however, many foreign trading communities — first from Kuwait, during the Persian Gulf War, and later from Bahrain, during the Shia unrest, moved their businesses to Dubai. The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf [19] Dubai provided refueling bases to allied forces at the Jebel Ali free zone during the Persian Gulf war, and again, during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Large increases in oil prices after the Persian Gulf war encouraged Dubai to continue to focus on free trade and tourism. [28] The success of the Jebel Ali free zone allowed the city to replicate its model to develop clusters of new free zones, including Dubai Internet City, Dubai Media City and Dubai Maritime City. Dubai Internet City (DIC is an information Technology park created by the Government of Dubai as a Free economic zone and a strategic base for companies Dubai Media City (DMC part of Dubai Holding is a tax free zone within Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The construction of Burj Al Arab, the world's tallest freestanding hotel, as well as the creation of new residential developments, were used to market Dubai for purposes of tourism. The Burj Al Arab ( Arabic: برج العرب literally Tower of the Arabs) is a luxury Hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates Since 2002, the city has seen an increase in private real estate investment in recreating Dubai's skyline[28] with such projects as The Palm Islands, The World Islands and Burj Dubai. The Palm Islands are Artificial islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on which major commercial and residential infrastructure will be constructed The World is a man-made Archipelago of 300 islands constructed in the shape of a world map and located 4 kilometres (2 Burj Dubai ( برج دبي "Dubai Tower" is a Skyscraper under construction in the Business Bay district of Dubai, United Arab However, robust economic growth in recent years has been accompanied by rising inflation rates (at 11. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time 2% as of 2007 when measured against Consumer Price Index) which is attributed in part due to the near doubling of commercial and residential rental costs, resulting in a substantial increase in the cost of living for residents. CPI redirects here For other uses see CPI (disambiguation. A consumer price index ( CPI) is a measure of the average price of consumer Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living. [29]
Geography
Dubai is situated on the Persian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates and is roughly at sea level (16 m/52 ft above). Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface The emirate of Dubai shares borders with Abu Dhabi in the south, Sharjah in the northeast, and the Sultanate of Oman in the southeast. Sharjah ( Arabic: الشارقة,, pronounced /'ʃɑɹdʒə/ in English) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast Hatta, a minor exclave of the emirate, is surrounded on three sides by Oman and by the emirates of Ajman (in the west) and Ras Al Khaimah (in the north). Hatta is a town (which includes a reconstructed heritage village by the same name in the Hatta mountains in the north of the emirate of Dubai. Ajmān (or Ujman; Arabic: عجمان) is one of the seven emirates comprising the United Arab Emirates (UAE. Ras Al-Khaimah ( Arabic: رأس الخيمة,, literally "The Top of the Tent" is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates The Persian Gulf borders the western coast of the emirate. Dubai is positioned at and covers an area of 4,114 km² (1,588 mi²).
Dubai lies directly within the Arabian Desert. The Arabian Desert is a vast Desert wilderness stretching from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq. However, the topography of Dubai is significantly different from that of the southern portion of the UAE in that much of Dubai's landscape is highlighted by sandy desert patterns, while gravel deserts dominate much of the southern region of the country. Topography ( topo-, "place" and graphia, "writing" is the study of Earth 's Surface features or those of Planets [30] The sand consists mostly of crushed shell and coral and is fine, clean and white. Corals are Marine organisms from the class Anthozoa and exist as small Sea anemone –like Polyps typically in colonies of many East of the city, the salt-crusted coastal plans, known as sabkha, give way to a north-south running line of dunes. Farther east, the dunes grow larger and are tinged red with iron oxide. Altogether there are sixteen known Iron Oxides and oxyhydroxides [24] The flat sandy desert gives way to the Western Hajar Mountains, which run alongside Dubai's border with Oman at Hatta. The Western Hajar chain has an arid, jagged and shattered landscape, whose mountains rise to about 1,300 meters in some places. In general terms the Climate of a local or region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available Water, to the extent of hindering Dubai has no natural river bodies or oases; however, Dubai does have a natural inlet, Dubai Creek, which has been dredged to make it deep enough for large vessels to pass through. In Geography, an oasis (plural oases) or Cienega ( Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a Desert, typically Dubai Creek or Khor Dubai (خور دبي) is a Saltwater creek located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE Dubai also has multiple gorges and waterholes which dot the base of the Western Al Hajar mountains. For the song see CANYONMID. For the band see Canyon (band. A canyon (rarely cañon) or gorge A vast sea of sand dunes cover much of southern Dubai, which eventually lead into the desert known as The Empty Quarter. The Rub' al Khali ( Arabic: الربع الخالي which translates as Empty Quarter in English, is one of the largest sand Deserts in the Seismically, Dubai is in a very stable zone — the nearest seismic fault line, the Zargos Fault, is 120 km from the UAE and is unlikely to have any seismic impact on Dubai. Seismology (from Greek grc σεισμός seismos, "earthquake" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Earthquakes [31] Experts also predict that the possibility of a tsunami in the region is also minimal because the Persian Gulf waters are not deep enough to trigger a tsunami. A tsunami ((tsuːˈnɑːmi is a series of waves created when [31]
The sandy desert surrounding the city supports wild grasses and occasional date palm trees. In physical Geography, a dune is a Hill of Sand built by Aeolian processes. Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include The Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible Fruit. Desert hyacinths grow in the sabkha plans east of the city, while acacia and ghaf trees grow in the flat plains within the proximity of the Western Al Hajar mountains. Acacia is a Genus of Shrubs and Trees belonging to the Subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first Prosopis cineraria is a small to medium size Tree, found mainly in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan in India. Several indigenous trees such as the date palm and neem as well as imported trees like the eucalypts grow in Dubai's natural parks. Neem ( Azadirachta indica, syn Melia azadirachta L Antelaea azadirachta (L Eucalypts are woody plants belonging to three closely related genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora. The houbara bustard, striped hyena, caracal, desert fox, falcon and Arabian oryx are common in Dubai's desert. Bustards are large terrestrial Birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. The Hyaenidae is a Mammalian family of order Carnivora. The Hyaenidae family native to both African and Asian continents consists of four The Caracal ( Caracal caracal) also called Persian Lynx or African Lynx, is a fiercely territorial medium-sized cat. A falcon (fɔlkən or fælkən is any Species of raptor in the Genus Falco. The Arabian Oryx ( Oryx leucoryx) is a Bovid and the smallest member of Oryx genus native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian peninsula Dubai is on the migration path between Europe, Asia and Africa, and more than 320 migratory birds pass through the emirate in spring and autumn. The waters of Dubai are home to more than 300 species of fish, including the hammour. For other meanings see Grouper (disambiguation. Groupers are Fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of
Dubai Creek runs northeast-southwest through the city. Dubai Creek or Khor Dubai (خور دبي) is a Saltwater creek located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE The eastern section of the city forms the locality of Deira and is flanked by the emirate of Sharjah in the east and the town of Al Aweer in the south. Deira (In Arabic: ديرة is an area in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates bordered by the Persian Gulf, Sharjah and Dubai Sharjah ( Arabic: الشارقة,, pronounced /'ʃɑɹdʒə/ in English) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE Al Aweer is a suburb of Dubai, about 35 kilometres from the city centre The Dubai International Airport is located south of Deira, while the Palm Deira is located north of Deira in the Persian Gulf. Dubai International Airport (مطار دبي الدولي is an international Airport serving Dubai, the largest city of the United Arab Emirates The Palm Islands are Artificial islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on which major commercial and residential infrastructure will be constructed The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Much of Dubai's real estate boom is concentrated to the west of the Dubai Creek, on the Jumeirah coastal belt. Jumeirah (جميرا is a coastal residential area in Dubai, United Arab Emirates mainly comprising low rise private dwellings Port Rashid, Jebel Ali, Burj Al Arab, the Palm Jumeirah and theme based free zone clusters such as Business Bay are all located in this section. Port Rashid (ميناء راشد) also referred to as Mina Rashid, is a man made commercial port in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Jebel Ali (جبل علي is a Port town located 35 Kilometres southwest of the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE The Burj Al Arab ( Arabic: برج العرب literally Tower of the Arabs) is a luxury Hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates The Palm Jumeirah is an Artificial island created using Land reclamation by Nakheel, a company owned by the Dubai government Business Bay (الخليج التجاري is a central business district under construction in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Five main routes — E 11 (Sheikh Zayed Road), E 311 (Emirates Road), E 44 (Dubai-Hatta Highway), E 77 (Dubai-Al Habab Road) and E 66 (Oud Metha Road) — run through Dubai, connecting the city to other towns and emirates. E 11 (in Arabic: شارع ﺇ ١١) is a highway in the United Arab Emirates. E 311 (known in Arabic as شارع ﺇ ٣١١ is a route in the United Arab Emirates. E 44 ( Arabic:إ ٤٤ is one of the main roads of the United Arab Emirates (UAE E 77 ( إ ٧٧) is a Route in the United Arab Emirates (UAE It beings as at the 7th interchange of Sheikh Zayed Road ( E 11) near Jebel E 66 (إ ٦٦ is a road in the United Arab Emirates. The road connects the city of Dubai to the interior city of Al Ain in the emirate of Abu Dhabi Additionally, several important intra-city routes, such as D 89 (Al Maktoum Road/Airport Road), D 85 (Baniyas Road), D 75 (Sheikh Rashid Road), D 73 (Al Dhiyafa Road), D 94 (Jumeirah Road) and D 92 (Al Khaleej/Al Wasl Road) connect the various localities in the city. D 89, also known as Al Maktoum Road, Airport Road or Al Khawaneej Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. D 85 (د ٨٥ also known as Baniyas Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. D 75 (د ٧٥ also known as Sheikh Rashid Road or Al Qutaeyat Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. D 73 (د ٧٣ also known as Al Dhiyafa Road or 2nd Zabeel Road is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. D 94, also known as Jumeirah Road, Jumeirah Beach Road or Al Sufouh Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. D 92, (د ٩٢ also known as Al Khaleej Road, Al Mina Road or Al Wasl Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The eastern and western sections of the city are connected by Al Maktoum Bridge, Al Garhoud Bridge, Al Shindagha Tunnel, Business Bay Crossing and Floating Bridge. Al Maktoum Bridge (In Arabic: جسر آل مكتوم; also known in Arabic as جسر المكتوم) is a bridge that crosses Dubai Creek in Al Garhoud Bridge (In Arabic: جسر القرهود is one of four road bridges over Dubai Creek, and one of five crossing in Dubai, United Al Shindagha Tunnel (In Arabic: نفق الشندغة is a tunnel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The 13 lane Business Bay Crossing (In Arabic: معبر الخليج التجاري; also known as the Ras Al Khor Bridge ( جسر راس الخور Floating Bridge (الجسر العائم is a Pontoon bridge (floating bridge in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Dubai has a hot and, at times, humid climate (drier during extreme heat) with many months recording temperatures of over 40 °C (104 °F) (refer to accompanying table for recorded mean minimum and maximum temperatures during the year). The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 Rainfall is generally light, with a mean of about 150 millimetres (6 in) per year; precipitation is usually centered around January, February and March. However, heavy rain is not uncommon in Dubai during the winter months and January 2008 saw a record of 120mm (or 5") of rain falling in just 24 hours, [32] The mean humidity in Dubai is about 60% and is higher during the cooler winter months. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity.
| Weather averages for Dubai | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 24. 0 (75) | 25. 4 (78) | 28. 2 (83) | 32. 9 (91) | 37. 6 (100) | 39. 5 (103) | 40. 8 (105) | 41. 3 (106) | 38. 9 (102) | 35. 4 (96) | 30. 5 (87) | 26. 2 (79) | 33. 4 (92) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 14. 3 (58) | 15. 4 (60) | 17. 6 (64) | 20. 8 (69) | 24. 6 (76) | 27. 2 (81) | 29. 9 (86) | 30. 2 (86) | 27. 5 (82) | 23. 9 (75) | 19. 9 (68) | 16. 3 (61) | 22. 3 (72) |
| Rain Fall mm (inches) | 15. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to 6 (0. 6) | 25. 0 (1) | 21. 0 (0. 8) | 07. 0 (0. 3) | 00. 4 (0) | 00. 0 (0) | 00. 8 (0) | 00. 0 (0) | 00. 0 (0) | 01. 2 (0) | 02. 7 (0. 1) | 14. 9 (0. 6) | 07. 4 (0. 3) |
| Source: Dubai Meteorological Office[33] 13 April 2008 | |||||||||||||
Governance and politics
Dubai's government operates within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, and has been ruled by the Al Maktoum family since 1833. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Politics of the United Arab Emirates takes place in a framework of a federal presidential Elected monarchy, a federation of seven Absolute monarchies Dubai Municipality (DM (بلديه دبيis the Municipal body with Jurisdiction over city services and the upkeep of facilities in the city of Dubai, Dubai Creek or Khor Dubai (خور دبي) is a Saltwater creek located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE Deira (In Arabic: ديرة is an area in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates bordered by the Persian Gulf, Sharjah and Dubai A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Al Maktoum (آل مكتوم in Arabic) is the family name of the ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The current ruler, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, is also the Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and member of the Supreme Council of the Union (SCU). Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum ( Arabic محمد بن راشد المكتوم) also Sheikh Mohammed ( Honourific) (born July 22, Dubai appoints 8 members in two-term periods to the Federal National Council (FNC) of the UAE, the supreme federal legislative body. The Federal National Council ( Arabic: المجلس الوطني الإتحادي al-Majlis al-Watani al-Ittihadi) is the Legislature of the United A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation [34] The Dubai Municipality (DM) was established by the then ruler of Dubai, Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum in 1954 for purposes of city planning, citizen services and upkeep of local facilities. Dubai Municipality (DM (بلديه دبيis the Municipal body with Jurisdiction over city services and the upkeep of facilities in the city of Dubai, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum ( 1912 - October 7, 1990) (راشد بن سعيد آل مكتوم was the Prime Minister of United Arab [35] DM is chaired by Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum, deputy ruler of Dubai and comprises several departments such as the Roads Department, Planning and Survey Department, Environment and Public Health Department and Financial Affairs Department. Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum (born December 25 1945 in Bur Dubai, Dubai) is the Deputy Ruler of Dubai and the Minister of Finance and Industry In 2001, Dubai Municipality embarked on an e-Government project with the intention of providing 40 of its city services through its web portal (Dubai. e-Government (from electronic Government, also known as e-gov, digital government, online government or in a certain context A web portal is a site that provides a single function via a web page or site ae). Thirteen such services were lauched by October 2001, while several other services were expected to be operational in the future.
Dubai and Ras al Khaimah are the only emirates that do not conform to the federal judicial system of the United Arab Emirates. Ras Al-Khaimah ( Arabic: رأس الخيمة,, literally "The Top of the Tent" is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State The emirate's judicial courts comprise the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and the Court of Cassation. The Court of First Instance consists of the Civil court, which hears all civil claims, the Criminal Court, which hears claims originating from police complaints, and Sharia Court, which is responsible for matters between Muslims. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Non-Muslims do not appear before the Sharia Court. The Court of Cassation is the apex court of the emirate and only hears disputes on matters of law. [36] The Dubai Police Force, founded in 1956 in the locality of Naif, has law enforcement jurisdiction over the emirate; the force is under direct command of Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum, ruler of Dubai. History The Dubai Police force was founded on June 1, 1956 in Naif (a locality in the Deira side of Dubai, with the first Naif (نايف is a locality in Deira side of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In Law, jurisdiction (from the Latin ius iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak" is the practical Authority
Article 25 of the Constituion of the UAE provides for the equitable treatment of persons with regard to race, nationality, religious beliefs or social status. The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates (دستور دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة) provides a legal and political framework for the operation of the The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos In Sociology or Anthropology, social status is the honor or prestige attached to one's position in Society (one's Social position) However, many of Dubai's 250,000 foreign laborers live in conditions described by Human Rights Watch as being "less than human. Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. "[37][38][39][40] NPR reports that workers "typically live eight to a room, sending home a portion of their salary to their families, whom they don't see for years at a time. " On 21 March 2006, workers at the construction site of Burj Dubai, upset over bus timings and working conditions, rioted: damaging cars, offices, computers, and construction tools. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Burj Dubai ( برج دبي "Dubai Tower" is a Skyscraper under construction in the Business Bay district of Dubai, United Arab [41][42][43] Judicial rulings in Dubai with regard to foreign nationals were brought to light by the alleged attempts to cover up information on the rape of Alexandre Robert, a 15 year old French-Swiss national, by three locals, one of whom was HIV positive[44] and by the recent mass imprisonment of migrant laborers, most of whom were from India, on account of their protests against poor wages and living conditions. HIV positive people are people who have the human immunodeficiency Virus HIV, the agent of the currently incurable disease AIDS. [45] Prostitution, though illegal by law, is conspicuously present in the emirate because of an economy that is largely based on tourism and trade. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. Research conducted by the American Center for International Policy Studies (AMCIPS) found that Russian and Ethiopian women are the most common prostitutes, as well as women from some African countries, while Indian prostitutes are part of a well organized trans-Oceanic prostitution network. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page [46] A 2007 PBS documentary entitled Dubai: Night Secrets reported that prostitution in clubs is tolerated by authorities and many foreign women work there without being coerced, attracted by the money. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the [47][48][49]
- See also: Human rights in Dubai
Demographics
| Year | Population |
| 18221 | 1,200 [50] |
| 19001 | 10,000 [51] |
| 19301 | 20,000 [52] |
| 19401 | 38,000 [50] |
| 19541 | 20,000 [50] |
| 19601 | 40,000 [53] |
| 1968 | 58,971 [54] |
| 1975 | 183,000 [55] |
| 1985 | 370,800 [56] |
| 1995 | 674,000 [56] |
| 2005 | 1,204,000 |
| 1 The town of Dubai first conducted a census in 1968. See also Human rights in the United Arab Emirates Human rights in Dubai are based on a legal framework that provides for the equitable treatment of people regardless According to the Census conducted by Statical Center of Dubai, the population of the emirate was 1422000 As of 2006, which included 1073000 males and 349000 females All population figures in this table prior to 1968 are estimates obtained from various sources. | |
According to the census conducted by the Statistics Center of Dubai, the population of the emirate was 1,422,000 as of 2006, which included 1,073,000 males and 349,000 females. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population [57] As of 1998, 17% of the population of the emirate was made up of UAE nationals. Approximately 85% of the expatriate population (and 71% of the emirate's total population) was Asian, chiefly Indian (51%), Pakistani (16%), Bangladeshi (9%) and Filipino (3%). An expatriate (in abbreviated form expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing The Demographics of India are overall remarkably diverse India's population of approximately 1 Pakistan 's estimated population was 172800000 in July 2008 During 1950-2008 Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold while the total population increased by over fourfold The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. [3] About 3% of the total population of Dubai was categorized as "Western". The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings A quarter of the population however reportedly traces their origins to neighboring Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. [58] In addition, 16% of the population (or 288,000 persons) lived in collective labour accommodation were not identified by ethnicity or nationality, but were thought to be primarily Asian. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty [59] The median age in the emirate was about 27 years. In Probability theory and Statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample a population or a Probability distribution The crude birth rate, as of 2005, was 13. Crude birth rate is the natality or Childbirths per 1000 people per year 6%, while the crude death rate was about 1%. [60]
Although Arabic is the official language of Dubai, English, Hindi, Malayalam, Persian, Urdu, Tagalog and others are widely spoken. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines.
Article 7 of the UAE's Provisional Constitution declares Islam the official state religion of the UAE. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially The government subsidizes almost 95 percent of mosques and employs all imams; approximately 5 percent of mosques are entirely private, and several large mosques have large private endowments. An imam (إمام plural ائمة A'immah, امام is an Islamic leader often the leader of a Mosque and/or community [61]
Dubai has large Hindu, Christian, Buddhist, Sikh and other religious communities. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Non-Muslim groups can own their own houses of worship, where they can practice their religion freely, by requesting a land grant and permission to build a compound. Groups that do not have their own buildings must use the facilities of other religious organisations or worship in private homes[62]. Non-Muslim religious groups are permitted to openly advertise group functions; however, proselytizing or distributing religious literature is strictly prohibited under penalty of criminal prosecution, imprisonment, and deportation for engaging in behaviour offensive to Islam. Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion and particularly another religion Deportation, not to be confused with Extradition, generally means the expulsion of someone from a place or Country. [61]
- See also: Indians in the United Arab Emirates, Islam in the United Arab Emirates, Roman Catholicism in the United Arab Emirates, and Bahá'í Faith in the United Arab Emirates
Economy
Dubai's gross domestic product as of 2005 was US$37 billion. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [8] Although Dubai's economy was built on the back of the oil industry,[63] revenues from oil and natural gas currently account for less than 6% of the emirate's revenues. The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by Oil tankers and pipelines Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, [7] It is estimated that Dubai produces 240,000 barrels of oil a day and substantial quantities of gas from offshore fields. A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container traditionally made of Wood Staves and bound with Iron Hoops The The emirate's share in UAE's gas revenues is about 2%. Dubai's oil reserves have diminished significantly and are expected to be exhausted in 20 years. [64] Trade (16%), entrepôt (15%) and financial services (11%) are the largest contributors to Dubai's economy. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. An entrepôt (from the French " Warehouse " is a Trading post where merchandise can be imported and Exported without Financial services refer to services provided by the finance industry. [65] Dubai's top re-exporting countries include Iran (US$ 790 million), India (US$ 204 million) and Saudi Arabia (US$ 194 million). Re-exportation is when a member of a Customs union charges lower Tariffs to external nations to win trade and then re-exports the same product within the customs For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The emirate's top importing countries are Japan (US$ 1. In Economics, an import is any good (eg a Commodity) or Service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 5 billion), China (US$ 1. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 4 billion) and the United States (US$ 1. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 4 billion). [6]
Historically, Dubai and its twin across the Dubai creek, Deira (independent of Dubai City at that time), became important ports of call for Western manufacturers. A tidal creek is the portion of a Stream that is affected by ebb and flow of ocean Tides in the case that the subject stream discharges to an ocean sea or strait Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale Most of the new city's banking and financial centres were headquartered in the port area. Dubai maintained its importance as a trade route through the 1970s and 1980s. The city of Dubai has a free trade in gold and until the 1990s was the hub of a "brisk smuggling trade"[66] of gold ingots to India, where gold import was restricted. Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Smuggling, also known as trafficking, is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons past a point where prohibited such as out of a building into a Prison An ingot is a material usually metal that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing In a recent research, the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index™, Dubai was named as one of the world’s top 50 cities that are the hubs of the new worldwide economy. Dubai’s ranking positions the city as a leader in the Middle East, offering a strong business climate that supports further development. [1]
Dubai is considered to be an important tourist destination and its port, Jebel Ali, constructed in the 1970s, has the largest man-made harbor in the world. Jebel Ali (جبل علي is a Port town located 35 Kilometres southwest of the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE Dubai is also increasingly developing as a hub for service industries such as IT and finance, with the establishment of a new Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC). Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated The government has set up industry-specific free zones throughout the city. Many countries have or have had at some time designated areas where companies are taxed very lightly or not at all to encourage development or for some other reason Dubai Internet City, combined with Dubai Media City as part of TECOM (Dubai Technology, Electronic Commerce and Media Free Zone Authority) is one such enclave whose members include IT firms such as EMC Corporation, Oracle Corporation, Microsoft, and IBM, and media organisations such as MBC, CNN, Reuters and AP. Dubai Internet City (DIC is an information Technology park created by the Government of Dubai as a Free economic zone and a strategic base for companies Dubai Media City (DMC part of Dubai Holding is a tax free zone within Dubai, United Arab Emirates. EMC Corporation ( is a US Fortune 500 and S&P 500 Provider of information infrastructure systems software and services Oracle Corporation ( specializes in developing and marketing Enterprise software products — particularly Database management systems In 2007 Oracle ranked Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology The Middle East Broadcasting Center ( MBC) is a Saudi -run company Broadcasting a mix of Free-to-air news and entertainment channels Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio
The Dubai Financial Market (DFM) was established in March 2000 as a secondary market for trading securities and bonds, both local and foreign. The Dubai Financial Market ( سوق دبي المالي) is a stock exchange located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The secondary market is the financial market for trading of securities that have already been issued in an initial private or public offering A security is a Fungible, Negotiable instrument representing financial value In Finance, a bond is a Debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and Interest As of Q4 2006, its trading volume stood at about 400 billion shares worth US$ 95 billion. The DFM had a market capitalization of about US$ 87 billion. Market capitalization/capitalisation (aka market cap, mkt cap or capitalized/capitalised value) is a measurement of Corporate or Economic [60] The government's decision to diversify from a trade-based, but oil-reliant, economy to one that is service and tourism-oriented has made real estate more valuable, resulting in the property appreciation from 2004–2006. Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom Large scale real estate development projects have led to the construction of some of the tallest skyscrapers and largest projects in the world such as the Emirates Towers, the Burj Dubai, the Palm Islands and the world's tallest, and most expensive, hotel the Burj Al Arab. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper The Emirates Towers complex contains the Emirates Office Tower and Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel. Burj Dubai ( برج دبي "Dubai Tower" is a Skyscraper under construction in the Business Bay district of Dubai, United Arab The Palm Islands are Artificial islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on which major commercial and residential infrastructure will be constructed The Burj Al Arab ( Arabic: برج العرب literally Tower of the Arabs) is a luxury Hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates [67]
- See also: Developments in Dubai and Tourism in Dubai
Transportation
Dubai International Airport (IATA: DXB), the hub for Emirates Airline, services the city of Dubai and other emirates in the country. Dubai International Airport (مطار دبي الدولي is an international Airport serving Dubai, the largest city of the United Arab Emirates An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many Emirates Airline (shortened form Emirates) ( Arabic: طيران الإمارات Tayarān al-Imārāt) is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group The airport served a total of over 34 million passengers and over 260,000 flights in 2007. [68] The Dubai International Airport ranked 17th among international airports for total cargo traffic in 2006. Cargo (or freight) refers to goods or produce transported generally for Commercial gain by ship, aircraft, train, [69] A third terminal and a new concourse are currently under construction and are both due to open in mid-2008. [70] The new terminal will be dedicated to Emirates Airline and will fully support the new Airbus A380. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The development of Dubai World Central International Airport, currently under construction in Jebel Ali, was announced in 2004. The first phase is expected to be completed by 2008, and once operational the new airport will host foreign airlines. Emirates (both the passenger and cargo operations) will remain in Dubai International Airport. [71]
Dubai has a large bus system that services 69 routes and transported over about 90 million people in 2006. The Road and Transport Authority (RTA) announced in 2006 that an additional 620 new buses will be added to its fleet of 170 double decker buses. [72] Although the main mode of transportation in Dubai is by private vehicle, Dubai also has an extensive taxi system. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride
A $3. 89 billion Dubai Metro project is under construction for the emirate. The Dubai Metro (In Arabic: مترو دبي is a driverless fully automated metro network which is under construction in the United Arab The Metro system is expected to be partially operational by 2009 and fully operational by 2012. The metro will comprise two lines: the Green Line from Al Rashidiya to the main city center and the Red Line from the airport to Jebel Ali. Jebel Ali (جبل علي is a Port town located 35 Kilometres southwest of the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE The Dubai Metro (Green and Blue Lines) will have 70 kilometers of track and 43 stations, 33 above ground and ten underground. [73] One of the more traditional methods of getting across Bur Dubai to Deira is through abras, small boats that ferry passengers across the Dubai Creek, between abra stations in Bastakiya and Baniyas Road. Not to be confused with Burj Dubai. Bur Dubai (in Arabic: بر دبي,) is a historic district in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, located Deira (In Arabic: ديرة is an area in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates bordered by the Persian Gulf, Sharjah and Dubai For other uses see Abra (disambiguation Abra (عبرة is a traditional Boat made of Wood, used to transport Dubai Creek or Khor Dubai (خور دبي) is a Saltwater creek located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE D 85 (د ٨٥ also known as Baniyas Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
In July 2007, the Salik road toll network was installed on Sheikh Zayed Road and on Al Garhoud bridge; the tolling stations are fully automated and collect toll of AED 4 (US$ 1. Salik (In Arabic: سالك meaning "clear and moving" is the name given to the road toll system in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. E 11 (in Arabic: شارع ﺇ ١١) is a highway in the United Arab Emirates. Al Garhoud Bridge (In Arabic: جسر القرهود is one of four road bridges over Dubai Creek, and one of five crossing in Dubai, United The dirham (درهم ( sign: دإ; code: AED) is the currency of the United Arab Emirates. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 08) per transit.
Culture
Dubai has a diverse and multicultural society. A souk (سوق also sook, souq, or suq, or shuq in Hebrew שוק is a highly fashioned commercial quarter in an Arab or Berber Deira (In Arabic: ديرة is an area in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates bordered by the Persian Gulf, Sharjah and Dubai The Deira Clocktower ( دوار الساعة ديرة sometimes referred to as the Dubai Clocktower, is a Roundabout in Dubai, United Arab Emirates The city's cultural imprint as a small, ethnically homogenous pearling community was changed with the arrival of other ethnic groups and nationals — first by the Iranians in the early 1900s, and later by Indians and Pakistanis in the 1960s. The Iranian people are a collection of Ethnic groups defined along linguistic lines as speaking Iranian languages. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Despite the diversity of the population, only minor and infrequent episodes of ethnic tensions, primarily between expatriates, have been reported in the city. Ethnic hatred, inter-ethnic hatred, racial hatred, or ethnic tension refers to feelings and acts of Prejudice and hostility towards an In 1994, Hindu and Muslim labourers clashed over the destruction of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, India, which resulted in the detainment and deportation of hundreds of Indian and Pakistani workers [74]. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical The Babri Mosque (بابری مسجد बाबरी मस्जिद or Mosque of Babur was a Mosque constructed by order of the first Mughal Ayodhya (अयोध्या IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Major holidays in Dubai include Eid al Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, and National Day (December 2), which marks the formation of the United Arab Emirates. Eid ul-Fitr or Id-ul-Fitr (عيد الفطر ‘Īdu l-Fiṭr) often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim Holiday that marks the end of Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic The National Day is a designated date on which celebrations mark the Nationhood of a Nation or non-sovereign Country. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Annual entertainment events such as the Dubai Shopping Festival (DSF) and Dubai Summer Surprises (DSS) attract over 4 million visitors from across the region and generate revenues in excess of US$ one billion [75]. Dubai Shopping Festival started on February 15 1996 as a retail event intended to revitalise Retail trade in Dubai. Dubai Summer Surprises is the hot weather counterpart of the Dubai Shopping Festival. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Large shopping malls in the city, such as Deira City Centre, BurJuman, Mall of the Emirates and Ibn Battuta Mall as well as traditional souks attract shoppers from the region. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Deira City Centre ( ديرة سيتي سنتر is a large Shopping mall in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. BurJuman (بر جمان is a Shopping mall in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE The Mall of the Emirates is a Shopping mall in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The Ibn Battuta Mall is a large shopping mall on the Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai close to Interchange 6 for Jebel Ali Village A souk (سوق also sook, souq, or suq, or shuq in Hebrew שוק is a highly fashioned commercial quarter in an Arab or Berber
The diversity of cuisine in Dubai is a reflection of the cosmopolitan nature of the society. Cuisine (from French cuisine, "cooking culinary art kitchen" ultimately from Latin coquere, "to cook" is a specific set Arab food is very popular and is available everywhere in the city, from the small shawarma diners in Deira and Al Karama to the upscale restaurants in Dubai's many hotels. Shawarma (شاورما or שווארמה also spelled Chawarma, Schawarma, Shwarma, Shuarma, Shawerma, Shoarma, Deira (In Arabic: ديرة is an area in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates bordered by the Persian Gulf, Sharjah and Dubai Al-Karamah ( الكرامة) is a Syrian football club based in the city of Homs. Fast food, South Asian, Chinese cuisines are also very popular and are widely available. Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly South Asian cuisine, also known as Desi cuisine, includes the Cuisines from the Indian subcontinent. Chinese cuisine ( Traditional Chinese: 中國菜 Simplified Chinese: 中国菜 originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in The sale and consumption of pork, though not illegal, is regulated and is sold only to non-Muslims, in designated areas. Pork' is the Culinary name for Meat from the domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa) often specifically the fresh meat but can be used as an all-inclusive A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion [76] Similarly, the sale of alcoholic beverages is regulated. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon A liquor permit is required to purchase alcohol; however, alcohol is available in bars and restaurants within four or five star hotels. Stars are often used as symbols for classification purposes They are used by reviewers for ranking things such as movies TV shows restaurants and hotels Stars are often used as symbols for classification purposes They are used by reviewers for ranking things such as movies TV shows restaurants and hotels [77] Shisha and qahwa boutiques are also popular in Dubai. Shisha Embroidery, or mirror-work is a type of embroidery which attaches small pieces of Mirrors reflective metal to fabric CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom
Hollywood and Bollywood movies are popular in Dubai. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India The city hosts the annual Dubai International Film Festival, which attracts celebrities from Arab and International cinema. The Dubai International Film Festival (DIFF is an annual Film festival, founded in 2004 and held each December in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Arab cinema refers to the cinema of the Arab world where Arabic language is used in theatre and films Dubai has an active music scene, with musicians Amr Diab, Diana Haddad, Tarkan, Aerosmith, Santana, Elton John, Pink, Shakira, Celine Dion and Phil Collins having performed in the city. Amr Abdel Basset Abdel Azeez Diab (عمرو دياب (born October 11, 1961) is an Egyptian singer and composer of Jeel music Diana Joseph Foad Haddad (ديانا جوزيف فؤاد حداد (born October 1, 1976) is a Lebanese - Emirati Singer and Tarkan Tevetoğlu (born October 17, 1972) popularly known as Tarkan, is a World Music award winning German-born Turkish Aerosmith is an American Hard rock band sometimes referred to as "The Bad Boys from Boston " and "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band" Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer Alecia Beth Moore (born September 8 1979 known professionally as P!nk is a two-time Grammy -winning American Singer-songwriter who gained prominence Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (born February 2 1977 known simply as Shakira Céline Marie Claudette Dion ( OC OQ (born March 30 1968 in Charlemagne Quebec) is a Canadian pop Singer Philip David Charles Collins, LVO (born 30 January 1951 Chiswick, London) is an English Singer-songwriter, Drummer Madonna is rumored to play live in November for ₤7. 5 million. [78]
Football and cricket are the most popular sports in Dubai. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Five teams — Al Wasl, Al-Shabab, Al-Ahli, Al Nasr and Hatta — represent Dubai in UAE League football. Al Wasl Sports Club (نادي الوصل is a United Arab Emirates Sports club best known for its football team Al-Shabab Al-Arabi Club (نادي الشباب العربي الرياضي is a football club based in Dubai, Al Mamzar in the United Arab Emirates Al-Naasr Sports Club (Victory النصر is a football team located in Dubai and plays in the United Arab Emirates' National Football League Hatta Club is a UAE Club based on Dubai They came to UAE League From UAE second Dvision when they was 2nd Current champions Al-Wasl have the second-most number of championships in the UAE League, after Al Ain. Al-Ain Football Club ( Arabic: نادي العين transliterated: Nady al-'Ayn is a professional Association football club based in the city of Cricket is followed by Dubai's large South Asian community and in 2005, the International Cricket Council (ICC) moved its headquarters from London to Dubai. The International Cricket Council (ICC is the international governing body of Cricket. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The city has hosted several India-Pakistan matches and two new grass gounds are being developed in Dubai Sports City. The Indian cricket team is an international Cricket team representing India. The Pakistan National Cricket Team is an international Cricket team representing Pakistan. The Dubai Sports City is a $4 billion mixed-use sports city currently being constructed in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Dubai also hosts both the annual Dubai Tennis Championships and The Legends Rock Dubai tennis tournaments, as well as the Dubai Desert Classic golf tournament, all of which attract sports stars from around the world. The Dubai Tennis Championships is a professional Tennis Tournament held in Dubai, U The Legends Rock Dubai is an event in the Outback Champions Series for senior Tennis players The Dubai Desert Classic is an annual professional golf tournament which takes place in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. The Dubai World Cup, a thoroughbred horse race, is held annually at the Nad Al Sheba Racecourse. The Dubai World Cup is a Thoroughbred horse race held annually since 1996 at the Nad Al Sheba Racecourse in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates Nad Al Sheba Racecourse is a Thoroughbred Horse racing facility in Dubai, United Arab Emirates opened in 1986
Dubai is known for its nightlife. Clubs and bars are found mostly in hotels due to the liquor laws. The New York Times listed Dubai as its travel choice for partying in 2008. [79]
- See also: Music of the United Arab Emirates
Education
The school system in Dubai does not differ from that of the United Arab Emirates. The United Arab Emirates is a part of the Persian Gulf Khaleeji tradition and is also known for Bedouin folk music Education in Dubai encompasses the many levels of primary secondary and collegiate education catering to various ethnic and linguistic groups The American University in Dubai ( AUD) (in Arabic As of 2006, there are 88 public schools run by the Ministry of Education that serve Emiratis and expatriate Arabs as well as 132 private schools. The Emirati people (إماراتي are citizens of the United Arab Emirates (UAE The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding [57] The medium of instruction in public schools is Arabic with emphasis on English as a second language, while most of the private schools use English as their medium of instruction. The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered Most private schools cater to one or more expatriate communities. Delhi Private School, Our Own English High School, the Dubai Modern High School, and The Indian High School, Dubai offer either a CBSE or an ICSE Indian syllabus. Our Own English High School is a chain of schools started by the Varkey Group of Schools across the cities of the United Arab Emirates. Dubai Modern High School (originally The Modern High School Dubai is an Indian-curriculum school in Dubai, founded in 1986 The Indian High School IHS TIHS. IHS is the first expatriate educational institution to be established in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in 1957 at which point The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education ( ICSE) examination is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations for A syllabus is an Outline and Summary of topics to be covered in a course. Similarly, there are also several reputable Pakistani schools offering FBISE curriculum for expatriate children. Dubai English Speaking School, Jumeirah Primary School, Jebel Ali Primary School, the Cambridge High School (or Cambridge International School), Jumeirah English Speaking School, King's School and the Horizon School all offer British primary education up to the age of eleven. Dubai British School, Dubai College, English College Dubai, Jumeirah English Speaking School, Jumeirah College and St. Dubai College is a British system International school in the Al Sufouh area of Dubai, United Arab Emirates, established in 1978. The English College Dubai is a mixed/coeducational school in Dubai that follows the British Curriculum Jumeirah College is a British system international school in the Al barsha area of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Mary's Catholic High School are all British eleven-to-eighteen secondary schools which offer GCSE and A-Levels. The General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE) is the name of an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject generally taken in a number of subjects by The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales, Emirates International School provides full student education up to the age of 18, this is an International school and offers IGCSE and the IB program. The International General Certificate of Secondary Education, or IGCSE, is an international Qualification for School Students. The International Baccalaureate (IB Diploma Programme (DP is an Educational programme examined in one of three languages ( English, French or Spanish Wellington International School, which caters education from 4-18, offers IGCSE and A-Levels. Deira International School also offers the IB program including the IGCSE program. The International Baccalaureate (IB Diploma Programme (DP is an Educational programme examined in one of three languages ( English, French or Spanish
The Ministry of Education of the United Arab Emirates is responsible for school's accreditation. The Dubai Education Council was established in July 2005 to develop the education sector in Dubai. [80] The Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA) was established in 2006 to develop education and human resource sectors in Dubai, and license educational institutes. [81]
Approximately 10% of the population has university or postgraduate degrees. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects See also Postgraduate Training in Education Postgraduate education (synonymous in North America with graduate education, and sometimes described Many expatriates tend to send their children back to their home country or to Western countries for university education and even to India for technology studies. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects However, a sizable number of foreign accredited universities have been set up in the city over the last ten years. Some of these universities include the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Heriot-Watt University Dubai, American University in Dubai (AUD), the American College of Dubai, Mahatma Gandhi University (Off-Campus Centre), SP Jain Center Of Management, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Institute of Management Technology and MAHE Manipal. Birla Institute of Technology & Science, (िबरला प्रौद्योिगकी एवं विज्ञान संस्थान िपलानी (known as BITS Heriot-Watt University Dubai is a campus of the Scottish Heriot-Watt University in the city of Dubai. The American University in Dubai ( AUD) (in Arabic Mahatma Gandhi University, also known as M G University, was established on 2 October, 1983 in Kottayam. SPJCM, ( Shriyans Prasad Jain Center of Management is a twin Campus Global Business School having campuses in Dubai and Singapore, The University of Wollongong in Dubai (UOWD (in Arabicجامعة ولونغونغ في دبي is a private university located in Dubai United Arab Emirates Institute of Management Technology (IMT is one of India's top 10 Business schools. In 2004, the Dubai School of Government in collaboration with Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and Harvard Medical School Dubai Center (HMSDC) were established in Dubai. The John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is a Public policy and Harvard Medical School ( HMS) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University and currently the #1 medical school in America as ranked by U
Media
- See also: Radio and television channels of Dubai
Dubai has a well established network of print, radio, television and electronic media which service the city. Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Electronic media are media that utilize Electronics or Electromechanical energy for the End user ( Audience) to access the content Multiple international channels available through cable, while satellite, radio and local channels are provided via the Arabian Radio Network and Dubai Media Incorporated systems. Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable Arab Media Group (AMG is a Dubai, United Arab Emirates, based media company part of Tatweer, the holdings management arm of Dubai Holding Dubai Media Incorporated (DMI is the parent company of Dubai 's One TV, Dubai TV, Sama Dubai, Dubai Sports Channel and recently Many international news agencies such as Reuters, APTN and MBC and network news channels operated out of Dubai Media City and Dubai Internet City. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Associated Press Television News, known as either AP Television News or APTN, is a global video news agency The Middle East Broadcasting Center ( MBC) is a Saudi -run company Broadcasting a mix of Free-to-air news and entertainment channels Dubai Media City (DMC part of Dubai Holding is a tax free zone within Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Dubai Internet City (DIC is an information Technology park created by the Government of Dubai as a Free economic zone and a strategic base for companies Additionally, several local network television channels such as Dubai One (formerly Channel 33), EDTV and Dubai TV provide programming in English and Arabic. A television network is a distribution network for Television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many Television stations Dubai One (previously called '''CH33''' and later One TV) is Dubai Media Incorporated 's 24-hour free-to-air English language entertainment Ch33 was a television channel transmitting terrestrially out of Dubai in English targeting the expat community in the UAE Emirates Dubai Television was a television channel transmitting terrestrially out of Dubai in Arabic targeting the expat community in the UAE Dubai TV is a channel offered by the Dubai Media Incorporated (DMI Dubai-based FM stations such as Dubai FM (93. See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that 9), Dubai92 (92. 0), Al Khaleejia (100. 9) and Hit FM (96. 7) provide programming in English, Arabic and South Asian languages. Dubai is also the headquarters for several print media outlets. Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press Al Khaleej, Al Bayan and Al Ittihad are the city's largest circulating Arabic language newspapers[83], while Gulf News and Khaleej Times[84] are the largest circulating English newspapers. Dar Al Khaleej Printing & Publishing (دار الخليج للطباعة والنشر is a publishing house based in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Al Bayan is a popular Arabic language newspaper in the United Arab Emirates. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Gulf News is a daily English language Newspaper published from Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates with a 2006 circulation of over 90000 readers The Khaleej Times is a daily English language newspaper published in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States
Etisalat, the government owned telecommunications provider held a virtual monopoly over telecommunication services in Dubai prior to the establishment of other, smaller telelcommunications companies such as Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (EITC — better known as Du) in 2006. Etisalat is one of the largest Telecommunications companies in the world and the largest operator in the Arab world headquartered in the UAE (as per FT500 In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient du is a Telecommunications company in the in the United Arab Emirates. Internet was introduced into the UAE (and therefore Dubai) in 1995. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks The current network is supported by a bandwidth of 6 GB, with 50,000 dialup and 150,000 broadband ports. A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer Dial-up Internet Access is a form of Internet access via Telephone lines The user's computer or Router uses an attached Modem connected to a Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just Broadband, is high-speed Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access over a Modem In Computer hardware, a 'port' serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices Dubai houses two of four DNS data centers in the country (DXBNIC1, DXBNIC2)[85]. The Domain Name System (DNS is a hierarchical naming system for computers services or any resource participating in the Internet. A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components such as telecommunications and storage systems Internet content is regulated in Dubai. Etisalat uses a proxy server to filter internet content that is deemed to be inconsistent with the values of the country, that provides information on bypassing the proxy, dating, gay and lesbian networks, sites pertaining to the Bahá'í faith, and sites originating from Israel. In Computer networks a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application program which services the requests of its clients by forwarding In Computer networks a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application program which services the requests of its clients by forwarding In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Additionally, VoIP services such as Skype that challenge Etisalat's monopoly over international calling as well as multimedia sharing and social networking websites such as Flickr, Lastfm, Hi5 and Orkut are blocked. Voice-over-Internet protocol ( VoIP, vɔɪp is a protocol optimized for the transmission of voice through the Internet Skype (skaɪp is Software that allows users to make telephone calls over the Internet. Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content forms. Flickr is an image and video hosting Website, Web services suite and Online community platform Lastfm is a UK -based Internet radio and Music Community website, founded in 2002 orkut is a Social networking service which is run by Google and named after its creator an employee of Google - Orkut Büyükkökten. [86][82] Emirates Media and Internet (a division of Etisalat) notes that as of 2002, 76% of internet users are male. About 60% of internet users were Asian, while 25% of users were Arab. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Dubai enacted an Electronic Transactions and Commerce Law in 2002 which deals with digital signatures and electronic registers. A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a type of asymmetric cryptography used to simulate the security properties of a handwritten Signature It prohibits Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from disclosing information gathered in providing services. An Internet service provider ( ISP, also called Internet access provider or IAP) is a company which primarily offers their customers access to the Internet The penal code also contains some provisions; however it does not address cyber crime or data protection. A penal code is a portion of a State 's Laws defining Crimes and specifying the Punishment. CyberCrime was an innovative weekly America Television program on TechTV that focused on the dangers facing computer users [87]
References
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- ^ Emirates for corridor between DIA and new mega airport Gulf News (27 October 2007). Gulf News is a daily English language Newspaper published from Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates with a 2006 circulation of over 90000 readers Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 3 November 2007. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
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External links
- Dubai travel guide from Wikitravel
- Ansar Burney Trust - human rights organisation operating in Dubai
- dubai.ae - Official Website of Dubai Government
- DTCM - Dubai Government Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing
- Sheikh Mohammed - Official website of the ruler of Dubai
- Dubai Municipality - Official website
- "Dubayy", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2005 - Reference source for historical information
- "Boom town" - The Guardian, 13 February 2006
- Urbanization of Dubai at NASA Earth Observatory
- Dubai is at coordinates Coordinates:
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